§1.9Ὡς δʼ αὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἔχουσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
In the same way, the changes of weather for the most part occur within the day.
Ἀνατολὴ γὰρ καὶ πρωῒ καὶ μεσημβρία καὶ δείλη καὶ δύσις καὶ τὰ τῆς νυκτὸς μέρη τὰ ἀνάλογα ταὐτὸ ποιεῖ τοῖς εἰρημένοις περὶ πνευμάτων καὶ χειμῶνος καὶ εὐδίας.
For sunrise, morning, midday, afternoon, sunset, and the corresponding parts of the night produce the same effects as those mentioned regarding winds, storms, and fair weather.
Μάλιστα γὰρ ἐὰν μέλλῃ μεταὁάλλειν ἐν ταῖς διχοτομίαις μεταβάλλει.
For if the weather is going to change, it changes especially at these divisions.
Καθόλου μὲν οὖν τὰς ὥρας οὕτω δεῖ παρατηρεῖν, καθʼ ἕκαστα δὲ τῶν σημείων κατὰ τὸν ὑπογεγραμμένον τρόπον.
Generally, then, one must observe the seasons in this way, and each of the signs according to the manner written below.
§1.10Ὕδατος μὲν οὖν σημεῖα τὰ τοιαῦτα δοκεῖ εἶναι.
Now the signs of rain seem to be as follows.
Ἐναργέστατον μὲν οὖν τὸ ἑωθινὸν ὅταν πρὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολῆς φαίνηται ἐπιφοινίσσον σημεῖον· ἢ γὰρ αὐθημερινὸν ἐπισημαίνει ἢ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
The clearest is the morning sign when a reddening appearance is visible before sunrise; for it foretells rain either on the same day or, for the most part, within three days.
Δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα σημεῖα· ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ πρότερον τριταῖα μάλιστα σημαίνει τὸ ἐπιφοινίσσον καὶ δύνοντος, ἧττον δὲ ἢ τὸ ἑωθινοῦ.
Other signs also make this clear; for if not sooner, the reddening appearance at sunset especially foretells rain on the third day, though it is a weaker sign than the morning one.
§1.11Καὶ ἐὰν δύνῃ χειμῶνος ἢ ἔαρος εἰς νεφέλιον τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἐπισημαίνει.
And if the sun sets into a small cloud in winter or spring, it usually foretells rain within three days.
Καὶ ἐὰν ῥάβδοι νοτόθεν, ταὐτὰ δὲ ταῦτα βορρᾶθεν γινόμενα ἀσθενέστερα.
And if there are streaks of light from the south, the same is true; but these same things occurring from the north are weaker.
Καὶ ἐὰν ἀνίσχων μέλαν σημεῖον ἴσχῃ, καὶ ἐὰν ἐκ νεφελῶν ἀν ἐχῃ ὑδατικὸν, καὶ ἐὰν ἀκτῖνες ἀνίσχοντος ἀνατείνωσι πρὶν ἀνατεῖλαι κοινὸν ὕδατος σημεῖον καὶ ἀνέμου.
And if the sun has a dark spot as it rises, and if it rises from clouds, it is a sign of rain. And if the rays of the rising sun stretch upwards before it rises, it is a common sign of rain and wind.
Καὶ ἐὰν καταφερομένου τοῦ ἡλίου ὑφίστηται νέφος ὑφʼ οὗ ἐὰν σχίζωνταν αἱ ἀκτῖνες χειμερινὸν τὸ σημεῖον.
And if, as the sun is going down, a cloud lies beneath, by which the rays are split, it is a stormy sign.
Καὶ ὅταν καυματίας δύηται καὶ ἀνατέλλῃ, ἐὰν μὴ ἄνεμος γένηται ὕδατος τὸ σημεῖον.
And when the sun sets and rises in burning heat, unless wind arises, it is a sign of rain.
§1.12Τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ σημαίνει καὶ σελήνη πανσελήνῳ ἀνίσχουσα, ἀσθενέστερα δὲ ὁ μείς.
The moon rising at full moon indicates the same things, but the new moon does so more weakly.
Ἐὰν μὲν ᾖ πυρώδης πνευματώδη σημαίνει τὸν μῆνα, ἐὰν δὲ ζοφώδης ὑδατώδη· σημαίνει δὲ ὅτι ἂν σημαίνῃ τριταῖος ὢν ὁ μείς.
If it is fiery red, it indicates a windy month; if dark and gloomy, a rainy one; and the moon indicates whatever it may indicate when it is three days old.
§1.13Ἀστέρες πολλοὶ διᾴττοντες ὕδατος ἢ πνεύματος, καὶ ὅθεν ἂν διᾴττωσιν ἐντεῦθεν τὸ πνεῦμα ἢ τὸ ὕδωρ.
Many shooting stars indicate rain or wind, and from whichever direction they shoot, thence comes the wind or rain.
Καὶ ἐὰν ἀκτῖνες ἀθρόαι ἀνίσχωσιν ἀνιόντος ἢ δύνοντος σημεῖον ὕδατος.
And if rays rise in a mass as the sun is rising or setting, it is a sign of rain.
Καὶ ὅταν ἀνίσχοντος τοῦ ἡλίου αἱ αὐγαὶ οἷον ἐκλείποντος χρῶμα ἴσχωσιν ὕδατος σημεῖον.
And when, as the sun is rising, its light has a color as if it were undergoing eclipse, it is a sign of rain.
Καὶ ὅταν νεφέλαι πόκοις ἐρίων ὅμοιαι ὦσιν ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And when clouds are like fleeces of wool, it indicates rain.
πομφόλυγες ἀνιστάμεναι πλείους ἐπὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι πολύ.
Many bubbles rising on rivers indicate much rain.
Ὡς δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἶρις περὶ λύχνον ἢ διὰ λύχνου διαφαινομένη νότια σημαίνει ὕδατα.
And for the most part, a halo around a lamp, or one shining through a lamp, indicates rain from the south.
§1.14Καὶ οἱ μύκητες ἐὰν νότια ᾖ ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι, σημαίνουσι δὲ καὶ ἄνεμον κατὰ λόγον ὡς ἂν ἔχωσι πλήθους καὶ μεγέθους, σμικροὶ δὲ καὶ κεγχρώδεις καὶ λαμπροὶ ὕδωρ καὶ ἄνεμον.
And snuff on wicks indicates rain if there are southern winds; they also indicate wind in proportion to their number and size, but if they are small, like millet seeds, and bright, they indicate rain and wind.
Καὶ ὅταν χειμῶνος τὴν φλόγα ὁ λύχνος ἀπωθῇ διαλιπὼν οἷον πομφόλυγας ὕδατος σημεῖον, καὶ ἐὰν πηδῶσιν αἱ ἀκτῖνες ἐπʼ αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐὰν σπινθῆρες ἐπιγένωνται.
And when in winter the lamp repels its flame, leaving as it were bubbles at intervals, it is a sign of rain, as also if the rays of light leap upon the lamp, and if sparks are produced on it.
§1.15Ὄρνιθες λουόμενοι μὴ ἐν ὕδατι βιοῦντες ὕδωρ ἢ χειμῶνας σημαίνουσι.
Birds that do not live in water, when they bathe, indicate rain or storms.
Καὶ φρύνη λουομένη καὶ βάτραχοι μᾶλλον ᾄδοντες σημαίνουσιν ὕδωρ.
And a toad bathing, and frogs croaking more than usual, indicate rain.
Καὶ ἡ σαύρα φαινομένη ἣν καλοῦσι σαλαμάνδραν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ χλωρὸς βάτραχος ἐπὶ δένδρου ᾄδων ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And the appearance of the lizard which they call a salamander, and furthermore a green frog croaking on a tree, indicates rain.
Χελιδόνες τῇ γαστρὶ τύπτουσαι τὰς λίμνας ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι.
Swallows striking the lakes with their bellies indicate rain.
Βοὺς τὴν προσθίαν ὁπλὴν λείξας χειμῶνα ἢ ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
An ox licking its front hoof indicates a storm or rain.
§1.16Κορώνη ἐπὶ πέτρας κορυσσομένη ἣν κῦμα κατακλύζει ὕδωρ σημαίνει· καὶ κολυμβῶσα πολλάκις καὶ περιπετομένη ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
A crow shaking its head on a rock washed by the waves indicates rain; and diving often and flying about indicates rain.
Κόραξ πολλὰς μεταβάλλειν εἰωθὼς φωνὰς, τούτων ἐὰν ταχὺ δὶς φθέγξηται καὶ ἐπιρροιζήση καὶ τινάξῃ τὰ πτέρα ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
A raven accustomed to make many changes in its voice, if among these it croaks twice quickly and makes a whirring sound and shakes its wings, indicates rain.
Καὶ ἐὰν ὑετῶν ὄντων πολλὰς μεταβάλλῃ φωνὰς καὶ ἐὰν φθειρίζηται ἐπʼ ἐλαίας.
And if, while it is raining, it makes many changes in its voice, and if it preens itself on an olive tree.
Καὶ ἐάν τε εὐδίας ἐάν τε ὕδατος ὄντος μιμῆται τῇ φωνῇ οἷον σταλαγμοὺς ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And whether in fair weather or in rain, if it imitates with its voice the sound of dripping drops, it indicates rain.
Ἐάν τε κόρακες ἐάν τε κολοιοὶ ἄνω πέτωνται καὶ ἱερακίζωσιν ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι.
Whether ravens or jackdaws fly high and swoop like hawks, they indicate rain.
Καὶ ἐὰν κόραξ εὐδίας μὴ τὴν εἰωθυῖαν φωνὴν ἴῃ καὶ ἐπιρροιβδῇ ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And if a raven in fair weather does not utter its accustomed voice but makes a whirring sound, it indicates rain.
§1.17Ἐὰν ἱέραξ ἐπὶ δένδρου καθεζόμενος καὶ εἴσω εἰσπετόμενος φθειρίζηται ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
If a hawk sitting on a tree and flying inside preens itself, it indicates rain.
Καὶ θέρους ὅταν πολλοὶ ἀθρόοι φαυ νῶσιν ὄρνιθες οἳ βιοτεύουσιν ἐν νήσῳ ὕδωρ σημαίνουσιν· ἐὰν δὲ μέτριοι ἀγαθὸν αἰξὶ καὶ βοτοῖς, ἐὰν δὲ πολλοὶ ὑπερβολῇ αὐχμὸν ἰσχυρόν.
And in summer when many birds that live on an island appear in a mass, they indicate rain; if in moderate numbers, it is good for goats and cattle, but if excessively many, it indicates severe drought.
Ὅλως δὲ ὄρνιθες καὶ ἀλεκτρυόνες φθειριζόμενοι ὑδατικὸν σημεῖον καὶ ὅταν μιμῶνται ὕδωρ ὡς ὗον.
In general, birds and poultry preening themselves, and when they imitate water as if it were raining, are a sign of rain.