§2.1.2Εἰσὶ γὰρ ἐν τούτοις τρία, πηλός, ἐξ οὗ γένεται πλίνθος ὀστρακώδης, δεύτερον ὕδωρ, ὅπερ ἐστὶ τὸ στερεοῦν τὰ ὀστρακώδη, τρίτον τὸ πῦρ τὸ συνάγον τὰ μέρη αὐτοῦ, ἔστ’ ἂν δι’ αὐτοῦ πληρωθείη ἡ τούτου γένεσις.
For there are three things in these: clay, from which a testaceous brick is made; second, water, which is what solidifies testaceous things; third, fire, which brings together its parts, until through it its generation is completed.
Ἡ φανέρωσις γοῦν ὅλης τῆς ἑνώσεως τούτων ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἀραιότης ἔνεστι τοῖς ὁστρακώδεσι κατὰ τὰ ἴδα μέρη.
Indeed, the manifestation of the whole union of these is from fire, because there is porosity in testaceous things in equal parts.
§2.1.3Καὶ ὁπόταν μίξῃ ταῦτα τὸ πῦρ, τελειοῦται ἡ ὕλη τοῦ ὑγροῦ, καὶ συγκολλῶνται τὰ μέρη τοῦ πηλοῦ, προέρχεταί τε ξηρότης ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ ὑγροῦ, Καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐπικράτειαν ἕπεται πέψις ἐν παντὶ ζῴῳ καὶ φυτῷ καὶ μετάλλοις.
And when fire mixes these, the matter of the moist is perfected, and the parts of the clay are glued together, and dryness comes forth in the place of the moist. And through its predominance, concoction follows in every animal, plant, and metal.
Πέψις γάρ ἐστιν, ὅπου ὑγρότης καὶ θερμότης ἰδίῳ πέρατι ἀκολουθεῖ.
For concoction is where moisture and heat follow their own limit.
§2.1.4Ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο ἐν τῇ πέψει τοῦ λίθου καὶ τῶν μετάλλων ἐκφανές· ἐν τῷ ζῴῳ δὲ καὶ τῷ φυτῷ οὐχ οὕτως, ὅτι τούτων τὰ μέρη οὐκ εἰσὶ συμπεπηγότα εἰς ἓν ὡς τοῖς λίθοις, καὶ ὅτι ἐκ τούτων καταρροή τις προβαίνει, ἐκ δὲ τῶν λίθων καὶ τῶν μετάλλων οὐκ ἔξεισι καταρροὴ ἢ τις ἱδρώς.
And this is manifest in the concoction of stone and metals; but in the animal and plant it is not so, because their parts are not solidified into one as in stones, and because a certain flow proceeds from them, whereas from stones and metals there comes out no flow or any sweat.
§2.1.5Τὰ γὰρ μέρη αὐτῶν οὐκ εἰσὶν ἀραιά, κἀντεῦθεν οὐδέ τινα ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ἐξέρχονται, ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ζῴου καὶ τοῦ φυτοῦ περιττώματα, οὐδὲ γίνεται ἔξοδός τις ἄλλη ἀπὸ τῆς ἀραιότητος.
For their parts are not porous, and hence nothing comes out from them, as waste products do from the animal and plant, nor does any other exit occur from porosity.
Ἐν ᾦ γὰρ ἀραιότης οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ παντελῶς οὐδέν τι ἐξέρχεται.
For in that which has no porosity, absolutely nothing comes out from it.
Διὰ τοῦτο στερεόν ἐστιν, εἰς ὃ αὐξάνεσθαί τι οὐ πέφυκε.
Therefore, it is solid, in which nothing is of a nature to grow.
§2.1.6Καὶ γὰρ τὸ αὐξάνεσθαι πεφυκὸς δεῖται τόπου, ἐν ᾦ ἂν πλατυνθείη καὶ περατωθείη.
For that which is of a nature to grow needs a place in which it may expand and be limited.
Λίθοι δὲ καὶ ὄστρακα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀεί εἰσιν ἐν ταὐτῷ, οὔτε αὐξάνουσιν οὔτε ἐκτείνονται.
But stones and shells and such things are always in the same state, neither growing nor extending.
Πάλιν τοῖς φυτοῖς δευτέρῳ τρόπῳ ἔνεστι κίνησις, ἔστι καὶ ἐφέλκυσις, ἥτις ἐστὶ δύναμις ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐφελκομένη τὸ ὑγρόν.
Again, in plants, movement is present in a second way: there is also attraction, which is a power drawing the moist from the earth.
§2.1.7Ἔστι δὲ τῇ ἐφελκύσει κίνησις ἥτις ἔρχεται εἰς τόπον, καὶ τελειοῦταί πως ἡ πέψις· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον αἱ μικραὶ βοτάναι μιᾷ ὥρᾳ μιᾶς ἡμέρας γεννῶνται.
And to attraction belongs a movement which goes to a place, and the concoction is somehow perfected; and therefore for the most part small herbs are generated in one hour of one day.
Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις· ἡ γὰρ ὕλη ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις ἐστὶ καθ’ ἑαυτὴν καὶ διῃρημένῃ.
But this is not so in animals; for the matter in animals is by itself and divided.
Οὐκ ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲ ἡ πέψις εἰ μὴ ἐν χρήσει μάλιστα καὶ αὕτη.
Nor is concoction present except especially in use, this too.
§2.1.8Ἡ ὥλη δὲ τοῦ φυτοῦ τούτῳ ἐστὶ πλησίον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὀξυτέρα ἐστὶν ἡ τούτου γένεσις.
And the matter of the plant is near to this, and therefore its generation is swifter.
Τεννᾶται δὲ καὶ αὐξάνει καὶ ὅπερ μᾶλλόν ἐστι λεπτὸν ἐν αὐτῷ, παρὰ τὸ πυκνόν.
And that which is more subtle in it is generated and grows, rather than the dense.
Τὸ γὰρ πυκνὸν πολυτρόπων δεῖται δυνάμεων διά τε τὴν διαφορὰν τοῦ οἰκείου σχήματος καὶ διὰ τὸ μῆκος τῶν μερῶν αὐτοῦ πρὸς ἄλληλα.
For the dense needs manifold powers, both because of the difference of its own shape and because of the length of its parts in relation to one another.
§2.1.9Κἀντεῦθεν ὀξυτέρα καὶ φυτοῦ γένεσις, διὰ τὴν λεπτότητα ἑτέρου πρὸς ἕτερον, καὶ ταχυτέρα ἡ τελείωσις.
And hence also the generation of the plant is swifter, due to the subtility of one thing in relation to another, and its completion is faster.
Τὰ μέρη τῶν φυτῶν ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστόν εἰσιν ἀραιά, ὅτι ἡ θερμότης αὐτῶν τὴν ὑγρότητα πρὸς τὰ ἄκρα τῶν φυτῶν ἐφέλκεται.
The parts of plants are for the most part porous, because their heat draws the moisture toward the extremities of the plants.
Διασπείρεταί τε ἡ ὕλη ἡ θρεπτικὴ εἰς ὅλα τὰ μέρη αὐτῶν· ὃ δὲ περιττεύει, ἐκχεῖται.
And the nutritive matter is dispersed into all their parts; and what is superfluous is poured out.
§2.1.10Ὥσπερ δὲ ἐν τοῖς βαλανείοις ἡ θερμότης τὴν ὑγρότητα ἐφέλκεται καὶ ταύτην εἰς ἀτμίδα μεταστρέφει, αὕτη δὲ κουφιζομένη, ὁπόταν περιττεύσῃ, μεταβάλλεται εἰς σταγόνας, οὕτως καὶ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις καὶ ἐν τοῖς φυτοῖς τὰ περιττώματα ἀναβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν κατωτέρων εἰς τὰ ἀνώτερα, καὶ καταβαίνουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνωτέρων εἰς τὰ κατώτερα.
And just as in baths the heat draws the moisture and turns it into vapor, and this vapor, becoming light, when it is superfluous, changes into drops, so also in animals and plants the waste products ascend from the lower to the higher parts, and descend from the higher to the lower parts.
Τοιουτοτρόπως δὲ καὶ οἱ ποταμοὶ οἱ ὑπὸ τὴν γῆν γεννῶνται ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρέων.
In this manner also the rivers under the earth are generated from the mountains.
Ὕλη γὰρ αὐτῶν εἰσὶν οἱ ὑετοί· καὶ ὅταν πληθυνθῶσι τὰ ὕδατα καὶ στενοχωρῶνται ἐντός, γίνεται ἐκ τούτων ἀτμὶς περιττή, ἥτις διὰ τὸν ἐντὸς συμπιεσμὸν σχίζει τὴν γῆν· καὶ οὕτω φαίνονται πηγαὶ καὶ ποταμοὶ οἱ πρότερον μὴ φαινόμενοι ἀλλ’ ἐγκεκρυμμένοι τυγχάνοντες.
For their matter is the rains; and when the waters multiply and are confined within, a superfluous vapor is produced from them, which because of the internal compression cleaves the earth; and thus appear springs and rivers which previously were not appearing but happened to be hidden.