§5.13ποσὸν λέγεται τὸ διαιρετὸν εἰς ἐνυπάρχοντα ὧν ἑκάτερον ἢ ἕκαστον ἕν τι καὶ τόδε τι πέφυκεν εἶναι. πλῆθος μὲν οὖν ποσόν τι ἐὰν ἀριθμητὸν ᾖ, μέγεθος δὲ ἂν μετρητὸν ᾖ.
"Quantity" is said of that which is divisible into constituent parts of which each or everyone is by nature a one and a "this." On the one hand, a plurality is a certain quantity if it is numerable, and a magnitude is a certain quantity if it is measurable.
λέγεται δὲ πλῆθος μὲν τὸ διαιρετὸν δυνάμει εἰς μὴ συνεχῆ, μέγεθος δὲ τὸ εἰς συνεχῆ· μεγέθους δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐφʼ ἓν συνεχὲς μῆκος τὸ δʼ ἐπὶ δύο πλάτος τὸ δʼ ἐπὶ τρία βάθος.
On the other hand, a plurality is said of that which is potentially divisible into non-continuous parts, and a magnitude of that which is divisible into continuous parts; of magnitude, that which is continuous in one dimension is length, in two dimensions breadth, and in three depth.
τούτων δὲ πλῆθος μὲν τὸ πεπερασμένον ἀριθμὸς μῆκος δὲ γραμμὴ πλάτος δὲ ἐπιφάνεια βάθος δὲ σῶμα.
Of these, a limited plurality is a number, a length is a line, a breadth is a surface, and a depth is a body.
ἔτι τὰ μὲν λέγεται καθʼ αὑτὰ ποσά, τὰ δὲ κατὰ συμβεβηκός, οἷον ἡ μὲν γραμμὴ ποσόν τι καθʼ ἑαυτό, τὸ δὲ μουσικὸν κατὰ συμβεβηκός.
Further, some things are called quantities in themselves, others accidentally; for example, a line is a certain quantity in itself, but what is musical is so accidentally.
τῶν δὲ καθʼ αὑτὰ τὰ μὲν κατʼ οὐσίαν ἐστίν, οἷον ἡ γραμμὴ ποσόν τι (ἐν γὰρ τῷ λόγῳ τῷ τί ἐστι λέγοντι τὸ ποσόν τι ὑπάρχει), τὰ δὲ πάθη καὶ ἕξεις τῆς τοιαύτης ἐστὶν οὐσίας, οἷον τὸ πολὺ καὶ τὸ ὀλίγον, καὶ μακρὸν καὶ βραχύ, καὶ πλατὺ καὶ στενόν, καὶ βαθὺ καὶ ταπεινόν, καὶ βαρὺ καὶ κοῦφον, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα.
Of the quantities in themselves, some are so by their substance, as a line is a certain quantity (for in the definition stating what it is, a certain quantity is present); others are affections and states of such a substance, as many and few, long and short, broad and narrow, deep and shallow, heavy and light, and other such things.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ τὸ μέγα καὶ τὸ μικρὸν καὶ μεῖζον καὶ ἔλαττον, καὶ καθʼ αὑτὰ καὶ πρὸς ἄλληλα λεγόμενα, τοῦ ποσοῦ πάθη καθʼ αὑτά· μεταφέρονται μέντοι καὶ ἐπʼ ἄλλα ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα.
Also great and small, and greater and smaller, whether said in themselves or in relation to one another, are affections of quantity in themselves; however, these names are also transferred to other things.
τῶν δὲ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς λεγομένων ποσῶν τὰ μὲν οὕτως λέγεται ὥσπερ ἐλέχθη ὅτι τὸ μουσικὸν ποσὸν καὶ τὸ λευκὸν τῷ εἶναι ποσόν τι ᾧ ὑπάρχουσι, τὰ δὲ ὡς κίνησις καὶ χρόνος· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα πόσʼ ἄττα λέγεται καὶ συνεχῆ τῷ ἐκεῖνα διαιρετὰ εἶναι ὧν ἐστὶ ταῦτα πάθη.
Of the quantities said accidentally, some are so called in the way already mentioned, as what is musical and what is white are quantities because the subject to which they belong is a certain quantity; others are so called as movement and time; for these too are said to be certain quantities and continuous because those things of which these are affections are divisible.
λέγω δὲ οὐ τὸ κινούμενον ἀλλʼ ὃ ἐκινήθη· τῷ γὰρ ποσὸν εἶναι ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἡ κίνησις ποσή, ὁ δὲ χρόνος τῷ ταύτην.
And I mean not that which is in motion but that which has been moved; for because that is a quantity, the movement also is a quantity, and time because the movement is.
§5.14ποιὸν λέγεται ἕνα μὲν τρόπον ἡ διαφορὰ τῆς οὐσίας, οἷον ποιόν τι ἄνθρωπος ζῷον ὅτι δίπουν, ἵππος δὲ τετράπουν, καὶ κύκλος ποιόν τι σχῆμα ὅτι ἀγώνιον, ὡς τῆς διαφορᾶς τῆς κατὰ τὴν οὐσίαν ποιότητος οὔσης·
"Quality" is said, in one way, of the difference of substance, as for example, what kind of animal a man is, because he is two-footed, and a horse, because it is four-footed; and what kind of figure a circle is, because it is without angles, as the difference according to substance is a quality.
—ἕνα μὲν δὴ τρόπον τοῦτον λέγεται ἡ ποιότης διαφορὰ οὐσίας, ἕνα δὲ ὡς τὰ ἀκίνητα καὶ τὰ μαθηματικά, ὥσπερ οἱ ἀριθμοὶ ποιοί τινες, οἷον οἱ σύνθετοι καὶ μὴ μόνον ἐφʼ ἓν ὄντες ἀλλʼ ὧν μίμημα τὸ ἐπίπεδον καὶ τὸ στερεόν (οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ ποσάκις ποσοὶ ἢ ποσάκις ποσάκις ποσοί), καὶ ὅλως ὃ παρὰ τὸ ποσὸν ὑπάρχει ἐν τῇ οὐσίᾳ· οὐσία γὰρ ἑκάστου ὃ ἅπαξ, οἷον τῶν ἓξ οὐχ ὃ δὶς ἢ τρὶς εἰσὶν ἀλλʼ ὃ ἅπαξ· ἓξ γὰρ ἅπαξ ἕξ.
In this one way, then, quality is called the difference of substance; in another way, as applied to things without motion and mathematical objects, in the way that numbers have a certain quality, such as composite numbers which are not of one dimension only but of which the plane and the solid are a representation (these are numbers which are so many times so many, or so many times so many times so many), and in general what is present in the substance besides quantity; for the substance of each is what it is once, as the substance of six is not what it is twice or thrice, but what it is once; for six is once six.
ἔτι ὅσα πάθη τῶν κινουμένων οὐσιῶν, οἷον θερμότης καὶ ψυχρότης, καὶ λευκότης καὶ μελανία, καὶ βαρύτης καὶ κουφότης, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα, καθʼ ἃ λέγονται καὶ ἀλλοιοῦσθαι τὰ σώματα μεταβαλλόντων.
Further, all the affections of substances in motion, such as heat and cold, whiteness and blackness, heaviness and lightness, and all such things, according to which bodies are also said to alter when they change.
ἔτι κατʼ ἀρετὴν καὶ κακίαν καὶ ὅλως τὸ κακὸν καὶ ἀγαθόν.
Further, in respect of virtue and vice, and in general of bad and good.
σχεδὸν δὴ κατὰ δύο τρόπους λέγοιτʼ ἂν τὸ ποιόν, καὶ τούτων ἕνα τὸν κυριώτατον· πρώτη μὲν γὰρ ποιότης ἡ τῆς οὐσίας διαφορά (ταύτης δέ τι καὶ ἡ ἐν τοῖς ἀριθμοῖς ποιότης μέρος· διαφορὰ γάρ τις οὐσιῶν, ἀλλʼ ἢ οὐ κινουμένων ἢ οὐχ ᾗ κινούμενα), τὰ δὲ πάθη τῶν κινουμένων ᾗ κινούμενα, καὶ αἱ τῶν κινήσεων διαφοραί.
Indeed, quality would be said in almost two ways, and of these one is the most proper; for the primary quality is the difference of substance (and of this the quality in numbers is a certain part; for it is a certain difference of substances, but either of things not in motion or not qua in motion); the others are the affections of things in motion qua in motion, and the differences of movements.
ἀρετὴ δὲ καὶ κακία τῶν παθημάτων μέρος τι· διαφορὰς γὰρ δηλοῦσι τῆς κινήσεως καὶ τῆς ἐνεργείας, καθʼ ἃς ποιοῦσιν ἢ πάσχουσι καλῶς ἢ φαύλως τὰ ἐν κινήσει ὄντα· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὡδὶ δυνάμενον κινεῖσθαι ἢ ἐνεργεῖν ἀγαθὸν τὸ δʼ ὡδὶ καὶ ἐναντίως μοχθηρόν.
Virtue and vice are a certain part of these affections; for they manifest differences of movement and of activity, according to which things in motion act or are acted upon well or badly; for that which can be moved or act in a certain way is good, and that which does so in a certain way and in the opposite way is bad.
μάλιστα δὲ τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸ κακὸν σημαίνει τὸ ποιὸν ἐπὶ τῶν ἐμψύχων, καὶ τούτων μάλιστα ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔχουσι προαίρεσιν.
Especially, good and bad signify quality in the case of animate things, and among these, especially in those that have choice.