§1.3#2ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ αὐξανόμενον ἅπαν αὐξάνεται καὶ τὸ φθῖνον φθίνει ὑπὸ συγγενοῦς προσιόντος καὶ ἀναλυομένου εἰς τὴν ὔλην· τούτῳ δʼ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐξ οὖ γέγονεν.
Furthermore, everything that increases increases, and everything that decreases decreases, by something of a kindred nature coming to it and being resolved into its matter; but for this body, there is nothing from which it has come to be.
εἰ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἀναύξητον καὶ ἄφθιτον, τῆς αὐτῆς διανοίας ἐστὶν ὑπολαβεῖν καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον εἶναι.
And if it is both without increase and indestructible, it belongs to the same line of thought to assume that it is also unalterable.
ἔστι μὲν γὰρ ἡ ἀλλοίωσις κίνησις κατὰ τὸ ποιόν, τοῦ δὲ ποιοῦ αἱ μὲν ἕξεις καὶ διαθέσεις οὐκ ἄνευ τῶν κατὰ πάθη γίγνονται μεταβολῶν, οἷον ὑγίειωα καὶ νόσος.
For alteration is a movement with respect to quality, and of quality, states and dispositions do not come to be without changes with respect to passive properties, such as health and disease.
κατὰ δὲ πάθος ὅσα μεταβάλλει τῶν φυσικῶν σωμάτων, ἔχονθ’ ὑρῶμεν πάντα καὶ αὔξησιν καὶ φθίσιν, οἷον τά τε τῶν ζῴων σώματα καὶ τὰ μόρια αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ τῶν φυτῶν, ὑμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν στοιχείων· ὥστʼ εἴπερ τὸ κύκλῳ σῶμα μήτʼ οὕς. ιν ἔχειν ἐνδέχεται μήτε φθίσιν, εὔλογον καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον εἶναι.
And of natural bodies, we see that all those that change with respect to passive properties also have both increase and decrease, as do the bodies of animals and their parts, and those of plants, and likewise those of the elements; so that if the body moved in a circle can have neither increase nor decrease, it is reasonable for it to be also unalterable.
Διότι μὲν οὖν ἀῖδιον καὶ οὔτʼ αὔξησιν ἔχον οὔτε φθίσιν, ὀλλʼ ἀγήρατον καὶ ἀναλλοίωτον καὶ ἀπαθές ἐστι τὸ πρῶτον τῶν σωμάτων, εἴ τις τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις πιστεύει, φανερὸν ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ἐστίν.
That, therefore, the first of bodies is eternal and has neither increase nor decrease, but is ageless, unalterable, and impassive, if one believes in the hypotheses, is clear from what has been said.
ἔοικε δʼ ὅ τε λόγος τοῖς φαινομένοις μαρτυρεῖν καὶ τὰ χζφαινόμενα τῷ λόγῳ.
And the theory seems to bear witness to the phenomena, and the phenomena to the theory.
πάντες γὰρ ἄνθρωποι περὶ θεῶν ἔχουσιν ὑπόληψιν, καὶ πάντες τὸν ἀνωτάτω τῷ θείῳ τόπον ἀποδιδόασι, καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ λλ. ληνες, ὅσοι περ εἶναι νομίζουσι θεούς, δῆλον ὅτι ὡς τῷ ἀθανάτῳ τὸ ἀθάνατον συνηρτημένον· ἀδύνατον γὰρ ἄλλως.
For all men have an assumption about the gods, and all assign the highest place to the divine, both barbarians and Greeks, as many as believe that gods exist, clearly because the immortal is linked with the immortal; for it is impossible otherwise.
εἴπεροὖν ἔστι τι θεῖον, ὥσπερ ἔστι, καὶ τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα περὶ τῆς πρώτης οὐσίας τῶν σωμάτων εἴρηται καλῶς.
If, then, there is something divine, as indeed there is, what has just been said about the first substance of bodies has also been well said.
συμβαίνει δὲ τοῦτο καὶ διὰ τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἱκανῶς, ὥς γε πρὸς ἀνθρωπίνην εἰπεῖν πίστιν· ἐν ὅπαντι γὰρ τῷ παρεληλυθότι χρόνῳ κατὰ τὴν παραδεδομένην ἀλλήλοις μνήμην οὐθὲν φαίνεται μεταβεβληκὸς οὕτε καθʼ ὅλον τὸν ἔσχατον οὐρανὸν οὕτε κατὰ μόριον αὐτοῦ τῶν οἰκείων οὐθέν, ἔοωιε δὲ καὶ τοὔνομα παρὰ τῶν ἀρχαίων διαδεδόσθαι μέχρι καὶ τοῦ νῦν χρόνου, τοὕτον τὸν τρόπον ὑπολαμβανόντων ὅνπερ καὶ ἡμεῖς λέγομεν· οὐ γὰρ ἅπαξ οὐδὲ δὶς ἀλλὰ πλεονάκις δεῖ νομίζειν τὰς αὐτὰς ἀφικνεῖσθαι δόξας εἰς ἡμᾶς.
And this also results sufficiently through perception, at least to speak for human belief; for in all past time, according to the memory handed down from one to another, nothing seems to have changed either in the whole of the outermost heaven or in any of its own parts. And it seems that the name also has been handed down from the ancients up to the present time, they assuming in this very way which we also say; for we must believe that the same opinions reach us not once or twice but many times.
διόπερ ὡς ἑτέρου τινὸς ὄντος τοῷ πρώτου σώματος παρὰ γῆν καὶ πῦρ καὶ ἀέρα καὶ ὕδωρ, αἰθέρα προσωνόμασαν τὸν ἀνωτάτω τόπον, ἀπὸ τοῦ θεῖν ἀεὶ τὸν ἀiδιον χρόκον θέμενοι τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν αὐτῷ.
Therefore, as the first body was something other than earth, fire, air, and water, they called the highest place "ether", giving it this appellation from running always through eternal time.
Ἀναξαγόρας δὲ καταχρῆται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ οὐ καλῶς· ὀνομάζει γὰρ αἰθέρα ἀντὶ πυρός.
But Anaxagoras misuses this name, not well; for he names ether instead of fire.
Φανερὸν δʼ ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ διότι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀδύνατον εἶναι πλείω τὸν τῶν λεγομένων σωμάτων ἁπλῶν· τοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἁπλοῦ σώματος ἀνάγκη τὴν κίνησιν ἀπλῆν εἶναι, μόνας δὲ ταύεας εἶναί φαμεν ἁπίᾶς, τήν τε κύκλῳ καὶ τὴν ἐπʼ εὐθείας, καὶ ταύτης δύο μόρια, τὴν μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ μέσου, τὴν δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ μέσον.
It is also clear from what has been said why it is impossible for the number of the so-called simple bodies to be greater; for of a simple body the movement must be simple, and we say that these alone are simple movements, namely, the circular and the rectilinear, and of the latter, its two parts, the one away from the center and the other toward the center.