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Arrian · The Order of Battle against the Alans §1-11

Marching Order of the Army against the Alans

Passage 1 of 3 · Greek

Summary

Dictates the marching order of the Roman army for the campaign against the Alans, detailing the position of each unit and the instructions for securing the camp upon arrival.

§1ἡγεῖσθαι μὲν τῆς πάσης στρατιᾶς τοὺς κατασκόπους ἱππέας ἐπὶ δυοῖν τεταγμένους σὺν τῷ οἰκείῳ ἡγεμόνι.
First, the scout cavalry, drawn up two abreast, shall lead the entire army along with their own commander.
ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ τοὺς ἱπποτοξότας τοὺς Πετραίους, καὶ τούτους ἐπὶ δυοῖν.
Behind them, the Petraean horse-archers, these also two abreast.
ἀγόντων δὲ αὐτοὺς οἱ δεκάδαρχοι.
Let the decurions lead them.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἐπιτετάχθων οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς ἴλης ᾗτινι Αὐριανοὶ ὄνομα.
Behind them, let those of the squadron named Auriani be stationed.
συντετάχθων δὲ αὐτοῖς οἱ τῆς σπείρας τῆς τετάρτης τῶν Ῥαιτῶν, ἧς ἄρχων Δάφνης Κορίνθιος, ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς ἴλης ᾗ ὄνομα Κολῶνες.
And with them, let those of the fourth cohort of Raetians, commanded by Daphnes the Corinthian, be marshaled; and behind them, those of the squadron named Colonae.
συντετάχθων δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἰτουραῖοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης Ῥαιτικῆς.
And with them, let the Ituraeans, the Cyrenaeans, and those of the first Raetian cohort be marshaled.
§2συμπάντων δὲ τούτων ἀρχέτω Δημήτριος.
Let Demetrius command all of these.
ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ οἱ Κελτοὶ ἱππῆς, καὶ οὗτοι ἐπὶ δυοῖν, καὶ τούτων ἡγείσθω ἑκατόνταρχος, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου.
Behind them, the Celtic cavalry, these also two abreast, and let a centurion lead them, just as in camp.
§3πεζοὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις τετάχθων, τὰ σημεῖα ἀνατεταμένα πρὸ σφῶν ἔχοντες, οἵ τε Ἰταλοὶ καὶ Κυρηναίων οἱ παρόντες.
Behind them, let the infantry be stationed, holding their standards raised high before them, both the Italians and those of the Cyrenaeans who are present.
πάντων δὲ ἡγείσθω Πούλχερ, ὅσπερ ἄρχει τοῖς Ἰταλοῖς.
Let Pulcher, who commands the Italians, lead them all.
Βοσπορανοὶ δὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις πεζοὶ ἰόντων, ἡγεμόνα παρεχόμενοι Λαμπροκλέα, καὶ οἱ Νομάδες ἐπὶ τούτοις ὑποτεταγμένοι Οὐήρῳ τῷ σφετέρῳ ἄρχοντι.
Behind them, let the Bosporan infantry advance, having Lamprocles as their commander; and behind them, the Nomads, stationed under Verus, their own leader.
§4ἡ τάξις δὲ ἔστω ἐς ὁπλίτας τέσσαρας.
Let the formation be four deep of heavy infantry.
αὐτῶν δὲ τούτων ὅσοι τοξόται ἡγείσθων.
Of these, let those who are archers lead.
τὰς δὲ πλευρὰς τῆς τάξεως φυλασσόντων ἑκατέρωθεν οἱ ἱππεῖς οἱ Ἀκεῖοι.
Let the Aquean cavalry guard the sides of the formation from both flanks.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις οἱ ἐπίλεκτοι ἱππεῖς ἰόντων, καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς φάλαγγος ἱππῆς, ἔπειτα οἱ καταπέλται, ἔπειτα §5τὸ σημεῖον τῆς πεντεκαιδεκάτης φάλαγγος, καὶ ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ ὁ ἡγεμὼν τῆς φάλαγγος Οὐάλης, καὶ ὁ ὕπαρχος καὶ οἱ χιλίαρχοι οἷς τέτακται, καὶ οἱ ἑκατόνταρχοι οἱ τῆς πρώτης σπείρας ἐπιστάται.
Behind them, let the elite cavalry advance, and behind them, the cavalry of the phalanx, then the catapults, then the standard of the fifteenth phalanx, and around it Valens, the commander of the phalanx, and the lieutenant, and the tribunes to whom it has been assigned, and the centurions who oversee the first cohort.
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ σημείου αὖ τῶν πεζῶν οἱ ἀκοντισταὶ τετάχθων.
Before the standard of the infantry, let the javelin-throwers be stationed.
αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς πεζοὺς ἐπὶ τεσσάρων τεταγμένους ἰέναι.
The infantry themselves shall advance drawn up four deep.
§6ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ φάλαγγι τετάχθω τὸ σημεῖον τῆς δωδεκάτης φάλαγγος, καὶ χιλίαρχοι ἀμφʼ αὐτῷ καὶ ἑκατόνταρχοι.
Behind the fifteenth phalanx, let the standard of the twelfth phalanx be stationed, and the tribunes and centurions around it.
ἐπὶ τεσσάρων ὡσαύτως καὶ ἥδε ἡ φάλαγξ ἴτω τεταγμένη.
This phalanx too shall advance drawn up four deep likewise.
§7ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ὁπλιτικῷ τετάχθω τὸ συμμαχικόν, οἵ τε ἀπὸ τῆς σμικρᾶς Ἀρμενίας καὶ Τραπεζουντίων, οἱ ὁπλῖται καὶ οἱ Κόλχοι καὶ Ῥιζιανοὶ οἱ λογχοφόροι.
Behind the heavy infantry, let the allied forces be stationed: the heavy infantry from Lesser Armenia and Trapezus, the Colchians, and the Rizians who carry lances.
ἐπιτετάχθων δὲ αὐτοῖς οἱ Ἀπλανοὶ πεζοί.
Behind them, let the Aplani infantry be stationed.
παντὸς δὲ τοῦ συμμαχικοῦ ἡγεμὼν ἔστω Σεκουνδῖνος, ὅσπερ τῶν Ἀπλανῶν ἡγεῖται.
Let Secundinus, who leads the Aplani, be the commander of all the allied forces.
§8ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ τὰ σκευοφόρα ἑπέσθω.
Behind them, let the baggage-train follow.
οὐραγείτω δὲ ἡ ἴλη τῶν Γετῶν καὶ ὁ ταύτης ἴλαρχος.
Let the squadron of Getae and its squadron commander bring up the rear.
§9τὰς πλευρὰς δὲ τοῦ πεζικοῦ κοσμούντων μὲν ἑκατόνταρχοι καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τῷδε τεταγμένοι, φυλακῆς δὲ ἕνεκα ἴλη ἡ Ἀλλακτικὴ παριππευέτω ἐπὶ ἕνα στοῖχον ἑκατέρωθεν τεταγμένη, καὶ οἱ τῶν Ἰταλῶν ἱππῆς.
Let the centurions and those appointed for this task keep order on the flanks of the infantry; and for protection, let the Allactica squadron ride along in single file, drawn up on both sides, as well as the cavalry of the Italians.
ὁ δὲ ἴλαρχος αὐτῶν ἐπιφοιτάτω ταῖς πλευραῖς.
Let their squadron commander patrol the flanks.
§10ὁ δὲ ἡγεμὼν τῆς πάσης στρατιᾶς Ξενοφῶν τὸ πολὺ μὲν πρὸ τῶν σημείων τῶν πεζικῶν ἡγείσθω, ἐπιφοιτάτω δὲ πάσῃ τῇ τάξει, καὶ ἐπισκοπείτω ὅπως τεταγμένοι ἰᾶσι, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀτακτοῦντας ἐς τάξιν ἐπαναγέτω, τοὺς δὲ ἐν κόσμῳ ἰόντας ἐπαινείτω.
Let Xenophon, the commander of the entire army, lead for the most part before the infantry standards, and let him patrol the entire formation, inspecting how they march in order, bringing those who fall out of order back into formation, and praising those who advance in an orderly manner.
οὕτω μὲν τεταγμένους ἰέναι.
Thus they shall march drawn up.
§11ἐλθόντας δὲ ἐς τὸ ἀποδεδειγμένον χωρίον, τὴν μὲν ἵππον πᾶσαν περιστῆσαι ἐν κύκλῳ ἐς τετράγωνον τάξιν, τοὺς κατασκόπους δὲ πέμψαι ἐς τὰ ὑπερδέξια χωρία σκοπῆς ἕνεκα τῶν πολεμίων.
Upon arriving at the designated place, they shall station all the cavalry around in a square formation, and send the scouts to the high ground to watch for the enemy.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀπὸ σημείου ὁπλίζεσθαι σιγῇ, ὁπλισαμένους δὲ ἐς τάξιν καθίστασθαι.
There, at a signal, they shall arm themselves in silence, and once armed, they shall draw up in formation.

Notes

  1. 98ἡγεῖσθαι — The infinitive `ἡγεῖσθαι` (as well as `ἰέναι` in §4 and §10, and `περιστῆσαι` in §11, etc.) is used as an infinitive of command, which is typical in military regulations to express an imperative force.
  2. 98ἀγόντων — A third-person plural present active imperative with the ending `-ντων` (common in Attic Greek). The subject is the following phrase `οἱ δεκάδαρχοι` (the decurions).
  3. p.81ἐς ὁπλίτας τέσσαρας — The preposition `ἐς` with the accusative expresses the depth of the tactical formation, meaning "four deep of heavy infantry" or "in a depth of four men."
  4. p.82ἐλθόντας — An aorist active participle in the masculine plural accusative. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the unexpressed accusative subject (the soldiers) of the following infinitives of command (`περιστῆσαι`, `πέμψαι`, etc.).

Cite this passage

Arrian, The Order of Battle against the Alans §1-11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0074.tlg006.humanitext-grc2:1-11

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