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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.30.1-20.30.3

The Paradox of Fortune and Execution of Hamilcar

Passage 218 of 301 · Greek

Summary

The author discusses the paradox of fortune by contrasting Agathocles' defeat with the capture of Hamilcar by a small force inside Syracuse, and describes the brutal execution of Hamilcar and the paradoxical fulfillment of the prophecy.

§20.30.1εἰκότως δʼ ἄν τις παρασημήναιτο τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν τῆς τύχης καὶ τὸ παράλογον τῶν παρὰ τὰς ὑπολήψεις συντελουμένων παρʼ ἀνθρώποις.
With good reason might someone point out the irregularity of fortune and the paradox of those things accomplished among men contrary to expectations.
Ἀγαθοκλῆς μὲν γὰρ ἀνδρείᾳ διαφέρων καὶ πολλὴν δύναμιν ἐσχηκὼς τὴν συναγωνισαμένην περὶ τὸν Ἱμέραν οὐ μόνον ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἡττήθη κατὰ κράτος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς τὴν κρατίστην καὶ πλείστην ἀπέβαλεν· οἱ δὲ τειχήρεις ἀποληφθέντες ἐν ταῖς Συρακούσσαις μικρῷ μέρει τῶν προηττηθέντων οὐ μόνον τὴν πολιορκήσασαν δύναμιν ἐχειρώσαντο τῶν Καρχηδονίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν στρατηγὸν Ἀμίλκαν, ἐπιφανέστατον ὄντα τῶν πολιτῶν, ἐζώγρησαν·
For Agathocles, though outstanding in courage and having had a large force that had fought alongside him near the Himeras, was not only defeated by force by the barbarians, but also lost the strongest and most numerous part of his army; whereas those who were shut up within the walls of Syracuse, with a small part of those who had previously been defeated, not only subdued the besieging force of the Carthaginians, but also took alive their general Hamilcar, who was the most illustrious of their citizens.
καὶ τὸ θαυμασιώτατον, δώδεκα μυριάδας πεζῶν καὶ πεντακισχιλίους ἱππεῖς ὀλίγος ἀριθμὸς πολεμίων, προσλαβόμενος ἀπάτην καὶ τόπον, κατὰ κράτος ἥττησεν, ὥστʼ ἀληθὲς εἶναι τὸ λεγόμενον ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ κενὰ τοῦ πολέμου. §20.30.2μετὰ δὲ τὴν τροπὴν οἱ μὲν Καρχηδόνιοι ἄλλοι κατʼ ἄλλους τόπους διασπαρέντες μόγις εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν ἠθροίσθησαν, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι μετὰ πολλῶν λαφύρων ἐπανελθόντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν τὸν Ἀμίλκαν παρέδοσαν τοῖς βουλομένοις λαμβάνειν παρʼ αὐτοῦ τιμωρίαν· ἀνεμιμνήσκοντο δὲ καὶ τῆς τοῦ μάντεως φωνῆς, ὃς ἔφησεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν ὑστεραίαν εἰς Συρακούσσας δειπνήσειν, τοῦ δαιμονίου παραγαγόντος τἀληθές.
And most wonderful of all, a small number of the enemy, taking deception and the ground to their aid, utterly defeated one hundred and twenty thousand infantry and five thousand cavalry, so that the saying is true that "many are the empty things of war." After the rout, the other Carthaginians, scattered in various directions, with difficulty assembled on the following day, but the Syracusans, having returned to the city with much spoil, delivered Hamilcar to those who wished to take vengeance upon him; and they also remembered the utterance of the seer, who said that on the following day he would dine in Syracuse, the divine power having brought about the truth in this way.
§20.30.3τὸν δʼ οὖν Ἀμίλκαν οἱ τῶν ἀπολωλότων συγγενεῖς δεδεμένον ἀγαγόντες διὰ τῆς πόλεως καὶ δειναῖς αἰκίαις κατʼ αὐτοῦ χρησάμενοι μετὰ τῆς ἐσχάτης ὕβρεως ἀνεῖλον.
So the relatives of those who had perished, having led Hamilcar bound through the city and having treated him with terrible tortures, put him to death with the extreme of outrage.
εἶθʼ οἱ μὲν τῆς πόλεως προεστηκότες ἀποκόψαντες αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀπέστειλαν τοὺς κομιοῦντας εἰς τὴν Διβύην πρὸς Ἀγαθοκλέα καὶ περὶ τῶν
Then the leaders of the city, having cut off his head, dispatched men to carry it to Libya to Agathocles and concerning the

Notes

  1. 20.30.1ἄν τις παρασημήναιτο — Potential optative with the particle ἄν, expressing a mild assertion or possibility: "someone might with good reason point out."
  2. 20.30.1μικρῷ μέρει τῶν προηττηθέντων — Meaning "with a small part of those who had previously been defeated." The dative indicates means or accompaniment, emphasizing the paradox that the besieged, despite having only a fraction of previously defeated forces, defeated a massive army.
  3. 20.30.2τοῦ δαιμονίου παραγαγόντος τἀληθές — Genitive absolute. The verb παράγω here means to lead aside or bring about in a devious, paradoxical way. It refers to how the divine power fulfilled the truth of the prophecy not in the way intended (dining as a conqueror), but in a paradoxical way (as a captive meeting his end).
  4. 20.30.3καὶ περὶ τῶν — The sentence is left incomplete and breaks off due to a lacuna in the manuscript, leaving only the introductory words pointing to the transition to the next chapter.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.30.1-20.30.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.30.1-20.30.3

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