§3.8.1ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλα γένη τῶν Αἰθιόπων παμπληθῆ, τὰ μὲν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν τὴν παραποτάμιον τοῦ Νείλου κατοικοῦντα καὶ τὰς ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ νήσους, τὰ δὲ τὴν ὅμορον τῆς Ἀραβίας νεμόμενα, τὰ δʼ ἐν τοῖς μεσογείοις τῆς Λιβύης καθιδρυμένα.
There are also other very numerous tribes of the Ethiopians, some inhabiting the region along the Nile on both of its banks and the islands in the river, others occupying the territory adjacent to Arabia, and others settled in the interior of Libya.
§3.8.2οἱ πλεῖστοι δὲ τούτων καὶ μάλισθʼ οἱ παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν οἰκοῦντες ταῖς μὲν χρόαις εἰσὶ μέλανες, ταῖς δὲ ἰδέαις σιμοί, τοῖς δὲ τριχώμασιν οὖλοι.
The majority of these, and especially those who dwell along the river, are black in color, flat-nosed in appearance, and curly-haired.
καὶ ταῖς μὲν ψυχαῖς παντελῶς ὑπάρχουσιν ἄγριοι καὶ τὸ θηριῶδες ἐμφαίνοντες, οὐχ οὕτω δὲ τοῖς θυμοῖς ὡς τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασιν· αὐχμηροὶ γὰρ ὄντες τοῖς ὅλοις σώμασι τοὺς μὲν ὄνυχας ἐπὶ πολὺ παρηγμένους ἔχουσι τοῖς θηρίοις παραπλησίως, τῆς δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλους φιλανθρωπίας πλεῖστον ὅσον ἀφεστήκασι·
In their minds they are completely savage and exhibit a beast-like nature, not so much in their tempers as in their habits; for being squalid in their whole bodies, they keep their nails very long like wild beasts, and they are as far removed as possible from mutual kindness.
§3.8.3καὶ τὴν μὲν φωνὴν ὀξεῖαν προβάλλοντες, τῶν δὲ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπιτηδευομένων εἰς βίον ἥμερον οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἔχοντες, μεγάλην ποιοῦσι πρὸς τὰ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἔθη τὴν διαφοράν.
And uttering a shrill voice, and having not the slightest thing of what is practiced among other peoples for a civilized life, they present a great contrast to our customs.
§3.8.4καθοπλίζονται δʼ αὐτῶν οἱ μὲν ἀσπίσιν ὠμοβοΐναις καὶ μικροῖς δόρασιν, οἱ δὲ ἀκοντίοις ἀναγκύλοις, ἐνίοτε δὲ ξυλίνοις τόξοις τετραπήχεσιν, οἷς τοξεύουσι μὲν τῷ ποδὶ προσβαίνοντες, ἀναλωθέντων δὲ τῶν οἰστῶν σκυτάλαις ξυλίναις διαγωνίζονται.
Some of them arm themselves with raw-oxhide shields and small spears, others with javelins, and sometimes with wooden bows four cubits long, which they shoot by bracing them with the foot, and when their arrows are spent, they fight it out with wooden clubs.
καθοπλίζουσι δὲ καὶ τὰς γυναῖκας, ὁρίζοντες αὐταῖς τεταγμένην ἡλικίαν, ὧν ταῖς πλείσταις νόμιμόν ἐστι χαλκοῦν κρίκον φέρειν ἐν τῷ χείλει τοῦ στόματος.
They also arm their women, establishing a set age for them, and for most of these women it is custom to wear a bronze ring in the lip of the mouth.
§3.8.5ἐσθῆτι δέ τινες μὲν αὐτῶν ἁπλῶς οὐ χρῶνται, γυμνῆτα βίον ἔχοντες διʼ αἰῶνος καὶ πρὸς μόνα τὰ καύματα ποριζόμενοι βοήθειαν αὐτουργὸν ἐκ τοῦ παραπεσόντος· τινὲς δὲ τῶν προβάτων τὰς οὐρὰς ἀποκόπτοντες ἐκ τῶν ὄπισθεν καλύπτουσι διὰ τούτων τὰ ἰσχία, καθάπερ αἰδῶ ταύτην προβαλλόμενοι· ἔνιοι δὲ χρῶνται ταῖς δοραῖς τῶν κτηνῶν, εἰσὶ δʼ οἳ περιζώμασι μέχρι μέσου τὸ σῶμα καλύπτουσιν, ἐκ τῶν τριχῶν πλέκοντες, ὡς ἂν τῶν παρʼ αὐτοῖς προβάτων ὄντων μὴ φερόντων ἔρια διὰ τὴν ἰδιότητα τῆς χώρας.
As for clothing, some of them simply do not use any, leading a naked life through all their days and procuring for themselves, against the heat alone, a self-made protection from whatever comes to hand; some cut off the tails of sheep and cover their loins with them from behind, presenting this as a cover for their modesty; some use the skins of cattle, and there are some who cover their bodies as far as the middle with loincloths, weaving them from hair, since the sheep among them, because of the peculiar nature of the land, do not bear wool.
§3.8.6τροφῇ δὲ χρῶνται τινὲς μὲν λαμβάνοντες τὸν γεννώμενον ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι καρπόν, ὃς αὐτοφυὴς ἀνατέλλει περί τε τὰς λίμνας καὶ τοὺς ἑλώδεις τόπους, τινὲς δὲ τῆς ἁπαλωτάτης ὕλης τοὺς ἀκρεμόνας περικλῶντες, οἷς καὶ τὰ σώματα σκιάζοντες περὶ τὰς μεσημβρίας καταψύχουσιν, ἔνιοι δὲ σπείροντες σήσαμον καὶ λωτόν, εἰσὶ δʼ οἳ ταῖς ῥίζαις τῶν καλάμων ταῖς ἁπαλωτάταις διατρεφόμενοι.
As for food, some use the fruit produced in the waters, which grows wild around the lakes and marshy places; some break off the twigs of the tenderest brushwood, with which they also shade their bodies and cool themselves at midday; some sow sesame and lotus, and there are some who nourish themselves on the tenderest roots of reeds.
οὐκ ὀλίγοι δʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ταῖς τοξείαις ἐνηθληκότες τῶν πτηνῶν εὐστόχως πολλὰ τοξεύουσι, διʼ ὧν τὴν τῆς φύσεως ἔνδειαν ἀναπληροῦσιν· οἱ πλεῖστοι δὲ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν βοσκημάτων κρέασι καὶ γάλακτι καὶ τυρῷ τὸν πάντα βίον διαζῶσι.
Not a few of them, having practiced archery, shoot many birds with good aim, by which they supplement the scarcity of nature; but the majority live their whole lives on meat, milk, and cheese from their flocks.