§17.52.1κρίνας δʼ ἐν ταύτῃ πόλιν μεγάλην κτίσαι προσέταξε τοῖς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ταύτην καταλειπομένοις ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς τε λίμνης καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης οἰκίσαι τὴν πόλιν.
Having decided to found a great city in this region, he ordered those who were left behind for this supervision to settle the city between the lake and the sea.
§17.52.2διαμετρήσας δὲ τὸν τόπον καὶ ῥυμοτομήσας φιλοτέχνως τὴν πόλιν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ προσηγόρευσεν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν, εὐκαιρότατα μὲν κειμένην πλησίον τοῦ Φάρου λιμένος, εὐστοχίᾳ δὲ τῆς ῥυμοτομίας ποιήσας διαπνεῖσθαι τὴν πόλιν τοῖς ἐτησίοις ἀνέμοις καὶ τούτων πνεόντων μὲν διὰ τοῦ μεγίστου πελάγους, καταψυχόντων δὲ τὸν κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἀέρα πολλὴν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν εὐκρασίαν καὶ ὑγίειαν κατεσκεύασεν.
Having measured the site and laid out the streets of the city with artistic skill, he named it Alexandria after himself. It was situated most advantageously near the harbor of Pharos, and by the clever planning of the street layout he caused the city to be blown through by the Etesian winds; and since these winds blew across the vast open sea and cooled the air of the city, he provided great temperateness of climate and health for the inhabitants.
§17.52.3καὶ τὸν μὲν περίβολον αὐτῆς ὑπεστήσατο τῷ τε μεγέθει διαφέροντα καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὀχυρότητα θαυμάσιον· ἀνὰμέσον γὰρ ὢν μεγάλης λίμνης καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης δύο μόνον ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἔχει προσόδους στενὰς καὶ παντελῶς εὐφυλάκτους.
And he laid out its circuit wall, which was outstanding in size and wonderful in its strength; for being situated between a great lake and the sea, it has only two narrow approaches from the land, which are entirely easy to guard.
τὸν δὲ τύπον ἀποτελῶν χλαμύδι παραπλήσιον ἔχει πλατεῖαν μέσην σχεδὸν τὴν πόλιν τέμνουσαν καὶ τῷ τε μεγέθει καὶ κάλλει θαυμαστήν· ἀπὸ γὰρ πύλης ἐπὶ πύλην διήκουσα τεσσαράκοντα μὲν σταδίων ἔχει τὸ μῆκος, πλέθρου δὲ τὸ πλάτος, οἰκιῶν δὲ καὶ ἱερῶν πολυτελέσι κατασκευαῖς πᾶσα κεκόσμηται.
Completing its shape similar to a chlamys, he laid out a broad street cutting almost through the middle of the city, wonderful both in size and beauty; for extending from gate to gate, it has a length of forty stades and a width of one plethron, and it is entirely adorned with luxurious structures of houses and temples.
§17.52.4προσέταξεν δʼ ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος καὶ βασίλεια κατασκευάσαι θαυμαστὰ κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος καὶ βάρος τῶν ἔργων.
Alexander also ordered the construction of palaces, wonderful for the size and massiveness of the works.
οὐ μόνον δʼ ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτὸν βασιλεύσαντες Αἰγύπτου μέχρι τοῦ καθʼ ἡμᾶς βίου σχεδὸν ἅπαντες πολυτελέσι κατασκευαῖς ηὔξησαν τὰ βασίλεια.
And not only Alexander, but also almost all those who ruled Egypt after him down to our own lifetime enlarged the palaces with luxurious constructions.
§17.52.5καθόλου δʼ ἡ πόλις τοσαύτην ἐπίδοσιν ἔλαβεν ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ὥστε παρὰ πολλοῖς αὐτὴν πρώτην ἀριθμεῖσθαι τῶν κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην· καὶ γὰρ κάλλει καὶ μεγέθει καὶ προσόδων πλήθει καὶ τῶν πρὸς τρυφὴν ἀνηκόντων πολὺ διαφέρει τῶν ἄλλων.
In general, the city received such an increase in later times that among many it is counted as the first of those in the inhabited world; for indeed in beauty, size, abundance of revenues, and things pertaining to luxury, it far surpasses the others.
§17.52.6τὸ δὲ τῶν κατοικούντων αὐτὴν πλῆθος ὑπερβάλλει τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσιν οἰκήτορας· καθʼ ὃν γὰρ ἡμεῖς παρεβάλομεν χρόνον εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ἔφασαν οἱ τὰς ἀναγραφὰς ἔχοντες τῶν κατοικούντων εἶναι τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ διατρίβοντας ἐλευθέρους πλείους τῶν τριάκοντα μυριάδων, ἐκ δὲ τῶν προσόδων τῶν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον λαμβάνειν τὸν βασιλέα πλείω τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων ταλάντων.
And the number of its inhabitants surpasses the residents in other cities; for at the time when we visited Egypt, those who kept the registration records of the inhabitants said that the free citizens residing in it were more than three hundred thousand, and that from the revenues of Egypt the king received more than six thousand talents.
§17.52.7ὁ δʼ οὖν βασιλεὺς Ἀλέξανδρος ἐπιστήσας τινὰς τῶν φίλων ἐπὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας καὶ διοικήσας ἅπαντα τὰ κατὰ τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐπανῆλθε μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Συρίαν.
So the king Alexander, having appointed some of his friends over the construction of Alexandria and having arranged all matters throughout Egypt, returned with his army to Syria.