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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §11.20.1-11.20.5

Hamilcar's Invasion of Himera and Theron's Appeal to Gelon

Passage 21 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Carthaginians, allied with the Persians, send a massive force under Hamilcar to attack the Greeks in Sicily. Despite losing his cavalry in a storm, Hamilcar establishes strong land and naval camps near Himera and terrifies the inhabitants, prompting Theron to seek immediate help from Gelon of Syracuse.

§11.20.1ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀρκούντως διεληλυθότες περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην πραχθέντων, μεταβιβάσομεν τὴν διήγησιν ἐπὶ τὰς ἑτερογενεῖς πράξεις.
Having sufficiently discussed the events that took place in Europe, we shall now transfer our narrative to actions of a different kind.
Καρχηδόνιοι γὰρ συντεθειμένοι πρὸς Πέρσας τοῖς αὐτοῖς καιροῖς καταπολεμῆσαι τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν Ἕλληνας, μεγάλας παρασκευὰς ἐποιήσαντο τῶν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον χρησίμων.
For the Carthaginians, having made an agreement with the Persians to wage war at the same time against the Greeks in Sicily, made great preparations of everything useful for the war.
ὡς δʼ εὐτρεπῆ πάντα αὐτοῖς ὑπῆρχε, στρατηγὸν εἵλοντο Ἀμίλκωνα, τὸν μάλιστα παρʼ αὐτοῖς θαυμαζόμενον προκρίναντες.
And when everything was ready for them, they chose Hamilcar as general, selecting the man who was most admired among them.
§11.20.2οὗτος δὲ παραλαβὼν πεζάς τε καὶ ναυτικὰς δυνάμεις μεγάλας ἐξέπλευσεν ἐκ τῆς Καρχηδόνος, ἔχων πεζὴν μὲν δύναμιν οὐκ ἐλάττω τῶν τριάκοντα μυριάδων, ναῦς δὲ μακρὰς πλείους τῶν διακοσίων, καὶ χωρὶς πολλὰς ναῦς φορτίδας τὰς κομιζούσας τὴν ἀγοράν, ὑπὲρ τὰς τρισχιλίας.
He, taking with him great land and naval forces, set sail from Carthage, having a land force of not less than thirty myriads, and more than two hundred long ships, and besides these, more than three thousand merchant vessels carrying the provisions.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν διανύσας τὸ Λιβυκὸν πέλαγος καὶ χειμασθεὶς ἀπέβαλε τῶν σκαφῶν τὰ κομίζοντα τοὺς ἱππεῖς καὶ τὰ ἅρματα.
Although he crossed the Libyan Sea, he met with a storm and lost the vessels carrying the cavalry and the chariots.
καταπλεύσας δὲ τῆς Σικελίας εἰς τὸν ἐν τῷ Πανόρμῳ λιμένα διαπεπολεμηκέναι τὸν πόλεμον ἔφησε· πεφοβῆσθαι γὰρ μήποτε ἡ θάλαττα τοὺς Σικελιώτας ἐξέληται τῶν κινδύνων.
But when he sailed into the harbor at Panormus in Sicily, he declared that the war was already finished; for he said he had been afraid lest the sea might rescue the Siceliots from their dangers.
§11.20.3ἐπὶ δὲ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναλαβὼν τοὺς στρατιώτας καὶ διορθωσάμενος τὴν ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι γενομένην ναυαγίαν, προῆγε μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱμέραν, συμπαραπλέοντος τοῦ ναυτικοῦ.
After resting his soldiers for three days and repairing the damage from the shipwreck during the storm, he advanced with his army against Himera, with the fleet sailing along.
ὡς δʼ ἦλθε πλησίον τῆς προειρημένης πόλεως, δύο παρεμβολὰς ἔθετο, τὴν μὲν τῷ πεζῷ στρατεύματι, τὴν δὲ τῇ ναυτικῇ δυνάμει.
When he came near the aforementioned city, he established two camps, one for the land army, the other for the naval force.
καὶ τὰς μὲν μακρὰς ναῦς ἁπάσας ἐνεώλκησε καὶ τάφρῳ βαθείᾳ καὶ τείχει ξυλίνῳ περιέλαβε, τὴν δὲ τῶν πεζῶν παρεμβολὴν ὠχύρωσεν ἀντιπρόσωπον ποιήσας τῇ πόλει καὶ παρεκτείνας ἀπὸ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ παρατειχίσματος μέχρι τῶν ὑπερκειμένων λόφων.
He drew all the long ships up on shore and surrounded them with a deep ditch and a wooden wall, and he fortified the camp of the infantry, placing it opposite the city and extending it from the naval wall to the hills lying above.
§11.20.4καθόλου δὲ πᾶν τὸ πρὸς δυσμὰς μέρος καταλαβόμενος, τὴν μὲν ἀγορὰν ἅπασαν ἐκ τῶν φορτίδων νεῶν ἐξείλετο, τὰ δὲ πλοῖα ἅπαντα ταχέως ἐξαπέστειλε, προστάξας ἔκ τε τῆς Λιβύης καὶ Σαρδοῦς σῖτον καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀγορὰν κομίζειν.
In general, having occupied the whole western part, he unloaded all the provisions from the merchant ships and immediately sent all these vessels away, ordering them to bring grain and other supplies from both Libya and Sardinia.
§11.20.5αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀρίστους τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀναλαβὼν ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν, καὶ τῶν Ἱμεραίων τοὺς ἐπεξιόντας τρεψάμενος καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνελὼν κατεπλήξατο τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει.
He himself, taking the best of his soldiers, advanced against the city, and having routed those of the Himeraeans who sallied out and killed many of them, he struck terror into those inside the city.
διὸ καὶ Θήρων ὁ Ἀκραγαντίνων δυνάστης, ἔχων δύναμιν ἱκανὴν καὶ παραφυλάττων τὴν Ἱμέραν, φοβηθεὶς εὐθὺς ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὰς Συρακούσας, ἀξιῶν τὸν Γέλωνα βοηθεῖν τὴν ταχίστην.
Therefore Theron, the ruler of the Akragantinians, who had a sufficient force and was guarding Himera, became terrified and immediately sent messengers to Syracuse, requesting Gelon to help as quickly as possible.

Notes

  1. 11.20.1καταπολεμῆσαι — An infinitive expressing the content or purpose of the perfect participle συντεθειμένοι ('having made an agreement'). It establishes what they agreed with the Persians to do.
  2. 11.20.2διαπεπολεμηκέναι — A perfect infinitive in indirect discourse introduced by ἔφησε. It carries the perfective nuance of 'having completely finished/won the war' rather than merely fighting it, reflecting Hamilcar's supreme confidence.
  3. 11.20.2πεφοβῆσθαι — An infinitive (perfect middle) showing that the indirect discourse introduced by the preceding ἔφησε continues within the subordinate clause introduced by γάρ ('for'). The subject is Hamilcar himself, omitted in the accusative.
  4. 11.20.3ἀντιπρόσωπον ποιήσας τῇ πόλει — The adjective ἀντιπρόσωπος ('opposite, facing') governs the dative τῇ πόλει, meaning 'having made [the camp] face toward the city.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §11.20.1-11.20.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:11.20.1-11.20.5

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