§10.612καὶ τότʼ ἄν τις ἴδοι αὐτῆς τὴν ἀληθῆ φύσιν, εἴτε πολυειδὴς εἴτε μονοειδής, εἴτε ὅπῃ ἔχει καὶ ὅπως·
"And then," I said, "one would see its true nature, whether it is multiform or uniform, or in what way and how it is.
νῦν δὲ τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ βίῳ πάθη τε καὶ εἴδη, ὡς ἐγᾦμαι, ἐπιεικῶς αὐτῆς διεληλύθαμεν. παντάπασι μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
But for now, as I think, we have fairly well gone through its passions and forms in human life." "Completely so," he said.
οὐκοῦν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τά τε ἄλλα ἀπελυσάμεθα ἐν τῷ λόγῳ, καὶ οὐ τοὺς μισθοὺς οὐδὲ τὰς δόξας δικαιοσύνης ἐπῃνέκαμεν, ὥσπερ Ἡσίοδόν τε καὶ Ὅμηρον ὑμεῖς ἔφατε, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην αὐτῇ ψυχῇ ἄριστον ηὕρομεν, καὶ ποιητέον εἶναι αὐτῇ τὰ δίκαια, ἐάντʼ ἔχῃ τὸν Γύγου δακτύλιον, ἐάντε μή, καὶ πρὸς τοιούτῳ δακτυλίῳ τὴν Ἄιδος κυνῆν; ἀληθέστατα, ἔφη, λέγεις.
"Then," I said, "we have cleared ourselves of the other matters in the argument, and we did not praise the rewards and reputations of justice, as you said Hesiod and Homer do, but we found that justice itself is best for the soul itself, and that she must do what is just, whether she has the ring of Gyges or not, and in addition to such a ring, the cap of Hades?" "You speak most truly," he said.
ἆρʼ οὖν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὦ Γλαύκων, νῦν ἤδη ἀνεπίφθονόν ἐστιν πρὸς ἐκείνοις καὶ τοὺς μισθοὺς τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ ἀρετῇ ἀποδοῦναι, ὅσους τε καὶ οἵους τῇ ψυχῇ παρέχει παρʼ ἀνθρώπων τε καὶ θεῶν, ζῶντός τε ἔτι τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ ἐπειδὰν τελευτήσῃ; παντάπασι μὲν οὖν, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
"Is it then, Glaucon," I said, "now at last unobjectionable, in addition to those things, to restore to justice and the other virtue also the rewards, both how many and of what kind they are, which they provide to the soul from both humans and gods, both while the human is still living and when he has died?" "Completely so," he said.
ἆρʼ οὖν ἀποδώσετέ μοι ἃ ἐδανείσασθε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ; τί μάλιστα; ἔδωκα ὑμῖν τὸν δίκαιον δοκεῖν ἄδικον εἶναι καὶ τὸν ἄδικον δίκαιον·
"Will you then restore to me what you borrowed in the argument?" "What especially?" "I granted to you that the just man seems to be unjust and the unjust man just.
ὑμεῖς γὰρ ᾐτεῖσθε, κἂν εἰ μὴ δυνατὸν εἴη ταῦτα λανθάνειν καὶ θεοὺς καὶ ἀνθρώπους, ὅμως δοτέον εἶναι τοῦ λόγου ἕνεκα, ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείη.
For you requested that, even if it were impossible for these things to escape the notice of both gods and humans, it should nevertheless be granted for the sake of the argument, so that justice itself might be judged against injustice itself.
ἢ οὐ μνημονεύεις; ἀδικοίην μεντἄν, ἔφη, εἰ μή. ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, κεκριμέναι εἰσί, πάλιν ἀπαιτῶ ὑπὲρ δικαιοσύνης, ὥσπερ ἔχει δόξης καὶ παρὰ θεῶν καὶ παρʼ ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἡμᾶς ὁμολογεῖν περὶ αὐτῆς δοκεῖσθαι οὕτω, ἵνα καὶ τὰ νικητήρια κομίσηται, ἀπὸ τοῦ δοκεῖν κτωμένη ἃ δίδωσι τοῖς ἔχουσιν αὐτήν, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἶναι ἀγαθὰ διδοῦσα ἐφάνη καὶ οὐκ ἐξαπατῶσα τοὺς τῷ ὄντι λαμβάνοντας αὐτήν. δίκαια, ἔφη, αἰτῇ.
Or do you not remember?" "I would indeed be unjust," he said, "if I did not." "Since then they have been judged," I said, "I demand back on behalf of justice the reputation which it in fact has both from gods and from humans, and that we agree that it is so regarded, so that it may also carry off the prizes of victory, acquiring them from its reputation which it gives to those who possess it, since it has already been shown to give the good things that come from being just, and not to deceive those who truly receive it." ¦612e "You ask what is just," he said.
οὐκοῦν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο ἀποδώσετε, ὅτι θεούς γε οὐ λανθάνει ἑκάτερος αὐτῶν οἷός ἐστιν; ἀποδώσομεν, ἔφη.
"Then," I said, "first you will restore this: that it does not escape the notice of the gods what sort of person each of the two is?" "We will restore it," he said.
εἰ δὲ μὴ λανθάνετον, ὁ μὲν θεοφιλὴς ἂν εἴη, ὁ δὲ θεομισής, ὥσπερ καὶ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ὡμολογοῦμεν. ἔστι ταῦτα. §10.613τῷ δὲ θεοφιλεῖ οὐχ ὁμολογήσομεν, ὅσα γε ἀπὸ θεῶν γίγνεται, πάντα γίγνεσθαι ὡς οἷόν τε ἄριστα, εἰ μή τι ἀναγκαῖον αὐτῷ κακὸν ἐκ προτέρας ἁμαρτίας ὑπῆρχεν; πάνυ μὲν οὖν. οὕτως ἄρα ὑποληπτέον περὶ τοῦ δικαίου ἀνδρός, ἐάντʼ ἐν πενίᾳ γίγνηται ἐάντʼ ἐν νόσοις ἤ τινι ἄλλῳ τῶν δοκούντων κακῶν, ὡς τούτῳ ταῦτα εἰς ἀγαθόν τι τελευτήσει ζῶντι ἢ καὶ ἀποθανόντι.
"And if they do not escape their notice, the one would be beloved of the gods, and the other hated by the gods, just as we also agreed at the beginning." "That is so." "And for the one who is beloved of the gods, shall we not agree that whatever comes 613a¦ from the gods all comes as best as possible, unless some necessary evil belonged to him from a prior error?" "Very much so." "Thus then must we assume concerning the just man, whether he comes to be in poverty or in diseases or in any other of the seeming evils, that for him these things will end in some good, either living or even dead.
οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὑπό γε θεῶν ποτε ἀμελεῖται ὃς ἂν προθυμεῖσθαι ἐθέλῃ δίκαιος γίγνεσθαι καὶ ἐπιτηδεύων ἀρετὴν εἰς ὅσον δυνατὸν ἀνθρώπῳ ὁμοιοῦσθαι θεῷ. εἰκός γʼ, ἔφη, τὸν τοιοῦτον μὴ ἀμελεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ὁμοίου. οὐκοῦν περὶ τοῦ ἀδίκου τἀναντία τούτων δεῖ διανοεῖσθαι; σφόδρα γε. τὰ μὲν δὴ παρὰ θεῶν τοιαῦτʼ ἄττʼ ἂν εἴη νικητήρια τῷ δικαίῳ. κατὰ γοῦν ἐμὴν δόξαν, ἔφη.
For surely he is never neglected by the gods, whoever is willing to be eager to become just and by practicing virtue to assimilate himself to a god as far as is possible for a human." "It is likely," he said, "that such a person would not be neglected by his like." "And concerning the unjust man, must we not think the opposite of these things?" "Very much so." "Such then would be some of the prizes of victory from the gods for the just man." "According to my opinion, at least," he said.
τί δέ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, παρʼ ἀνθρώπων;
"And what about from humans?" I said.
ἆρʼ οὐχ ὧδε ἔχει, εἰ δεῖ τὸ ὂν τιθέναι;
"Does it not stand thus, if we must set down the reality?
οὐχ οἱ μὲν δεινοί τε καὶ ἄδικοι δρῶσιν ὅπερ οἱ δρομῆς ὅσοι ἂν θέωσιν εὖ ἀπὸ τῶν κάτω, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ἄνω μή;
Do not the clever and unjust do what those runners do who run well from the starting line, but not from the turning point?
τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὀξέως ἀποπηδῶσιν, τελευτῶντες δὲ καταγέλαστοι γίγνονται, τὰ ὦτα ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἔχοντες καὶ ἀστεφάνωτοι ἀποτρέχοντες·
At first they leap away sharply, but in the end they become ridiculous, running away uncrowned, their ears down on their shoulders.
οἱ δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δρομικοὶ εἰς τέλος ἐλθόντες τά τε ἆθλα λαμβάνουσιν καὶ στεφανοῦνται.
But those who are truly runners, coming to the end, both receive the prizes and are crowned.
οὐχ οὕτω καὶ περὶ τῶν δικαίων τὸ πολὺ συμβαίνει;
Does it not also happen thus for the most part with the just?
πρὸς τὸ τέλος ἑκάστης πράξεως καὶ ὁμιλίας καὶ τοῦ βίου εὐδοκιμοῦσί τε καὶ τὰ ἆθλα παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων φέρονται; καὶ μάλα. ἀνέξῃ ἄρα λέγοντος ἐμοῦ περὶ τούτων ἅπερ αὐτὸς ἔλεγες περὶ τῶν ἀδίκων;
Towards the end of each action, association, and life, do they not enjoy good repute and carry off the prizes from humans?" "Indeed so." "Will you then tolerate my saying of these people what you yourself said of the unjust?
ἐρῶ γὰρ δὴ ὅτι οἱ μὲν δίκαιοι, ἐπειδὰν πρεσβύτεροι γένωνται, ἐν τῇ αὑτῶν πόλει ἄρχουσί τε ἂν βούλωνται τὰς ἀρχάς, γαμοῦσί τε ὁπόθεν ἂν βούλωνται, ἐκδιδόασί τε εἰς οὓς ἂν ἐθέλωσι· καὶ πάντα ἃ σὺ περὶ ἐκείνων, ἐγὼ νῦν λέγω περὶ τῶνδε.
For I shall say that the just, when they become older, hold office in their own city if they wish, marry from wherever they wish, and give in marriage to whomever they want; and all the things you said of those, I now say of these.
καὶ αὖ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀδίκων, ὅτι οἱ πολλοὶ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐὰν νέοι ὄντες λάθωσιν, ἐπὶ τέλους τοῦ δρόμου αἱρεθέντες καταγέλαστοί εἰσιν καὶ γέροντες γιγνόμενοι ἄθλιοι προπηλακίζονται ὑπὸ ξένων τε καὶ ἀστῶν, μαστιγούμενοι καὶ ἃ ἄγροικα ἔφησθα σὺ εἶναι, ἀληθῆ λέγων—εἶτα στρεβλώσονται καὶ ἐκκαυθήσονται— πάντα ἐκεῖνα οἴου καὶ ἐμοῦ ἀκηκοέναι ὡς πάσχουσιν.
And again of the unjust, that most of them, even if they escape notice when they are young, being caught at the end of the race, are ridiculous, and becoming old they are wretchedly insulted by both strangers and citizens, being flogged and—things which you said were rustic, speaking the truth—then they will be racked and have their eyes burned out.
ἀλλʼ ὃ λέγω, ὅρα εἰ ἀνέξῃ.
Imagine that you have heard from me too that they suffer all those things.
καὶ πάνυ, ἔφη· δίκαια γὰρ λέγεις.
But see if you will tolerate what I say." "And very much so," he said, "for you speak what is just."