Humanitext Reader

New Testament · Galatians §1.1-1.24

Paul's Apostolic Authority and Gospel Revelation

Passage 1 of 6 · Greek

Summary

Paul asserts his apostolic authority, denounces those who preach a different gospel, and defends the divine origin of his gospel by recounting his conversion and early actions following his calling.

§1.1ΠΑΥΛΟΣ ἀπόστολος, οὐκ ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων οὐδὲ διʼ ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν, §1.2καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί, ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας· §1.3χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, §1.4τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ὅπως ἐξέληται ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς ἡμῶν, §1.5ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων·
Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead— and all the brothers who are with me, to the churches of Galatia: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, who gave himself for our sins to deliver us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be the glory forever and ever.
ἀμήν.
Amen.
§1.6Θαυμάζω ὅτι οὕτως ταχέως μετατίθεσθε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλέσαντος ὑμᾶς ἐν χάριτι Χριστοῦ εἰς ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον, §1.7ὃ οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλο· εἰ μή τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς καὶ θέλοντες μεταστρέψαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ χριστοῦ.
I am astonished that you are so quickly deserting him who called you in the grace of Christ and are turning to a different gospel— not that there is another one, but there are some who trouble you and want to distort the gospel of Christ.
§1.8ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίσηται [ὑμῖν] παρʼ ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.
But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed.
§1.9ὡς προειρήκαμεν, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω, εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρʼ ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.
As we have said before, so now I say again: If anyone is preaching to you a gospel contrary to the one you received, let him be accursed.
§1.10Ἄρτι γὰρ ἀνθρώπους πείθω ἢ τὸν θεόν;
For am I now seeking the approval of man, or of God?
ἢ ζητῶ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν;
Or am I trying to please man?
εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην.
If I were still trying to please man, I would not be a servant of Christ.
§1.11γνωρίζω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον·
For I would have you know, brothers, that the gospel that was preached by me is not man's gospel.
§1.12οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην, ἀλλὰ διʼ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
For I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it, but I received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ.
§1.13Ἠκούσατε γὰρ τὴν ἐμὴν ἀναστροφήν ποτε ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ, ὅτι καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἐδίωκον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπόρθουν αὐτήν,
For you have heard of my former life in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God violently and tried to destroy it.
§1.14καὶ προέκοπτον ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ ὑπὲρ πολλοὺς συνηλικιώτας ἐν τῷ γένει μου, περισσοτέρως ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τῶν πατρικῶν μου παραδόσεων.
And I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people, so extremely zealous was I for the traditions of my fathers.
§1.15Ὅτε δὲ εὐδόκησεν [ὁ θεὸς] ὁ ἀφορίσας με "ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου" καὶ "καλέσας" διὰ τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ §1.16ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἵνα εὐαγγελίζωμαι αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, εὐθέως οὐ προσανεθέμην σαρκὶ καὶ αἵματι, §1.17οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστόλους, ἀλλὰ ἀπῆλθον εἰς Ἀραβίαν, καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν.
But when he who had set me apart before I was born, and who called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me, in order that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with flesh and blood; nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me, but I went away into Arabia, and returned again to Damascus.
§1.18Ἔπειτα μετὰ τρία ἔτη ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι Κηφᾶν, καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε·
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas and remained with him fifteen days.
§1.19ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ κυρίου.
But I saw none of the other apostles except James the Lord's brother.
§1.20ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ὅτι οὐ ψεύδομαι. §1.21ἔπειτα ἦλθον εἰς τὰ κλίματα τῆς Συρίας καὶ [τῆς] Κιλικίας.
(In what I am writing to you, before God, I do not lie!) Then I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia.
§1.22ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας ταῖς ἐν Χριστῷ,
And I was still unknown in person to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.
§1.23μόνον δὲ ἀκούοντες ἦσαν ὅτι Ὁ διώκων ἡμᾶς ποτὲ νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει, §1.24καὶ ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν.
They only were hearing it said, "He who used to persecute us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy." And they glorified God because of me.

Notes

  1. 1.6τοῦ καλέσαντος — The genitive participle `τοῦ καλέσαντος` ("the one who called") refers to God. The accompanying prepositional phrase `ἐν χάριτι` specifies the means or sphere of this calling.
  2. 1.8παρʼ ὅ — The combination of the preposition `παρά` with the accusative relative pronoun `ὅ` is used here in the sense of "contrary to" or "other than," indicating an exclusive divergence rather than a mere addition.
  3. 1.10Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην — The combination of the particle `ἄν` with the imperfect indicative `ἤμην` in the apodosis, and `εἰ` with the imperfect indicative `ἤρεσκον` in the protasis, forms a present counterfactual conditional sentence.
  4. 1.16ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί — The infinitive `ἀποκαλύψαι` functions as the complement of the main verb `εὐδόκησεν` ("was pleased"). The prepositional phrase `ἐν ἐμοί` literally means "in me," implying both an internal revelation to Paul and a revelation "through" or "in the person of" Paul to others.

Cite this passage

New Testament, Galatians §1.1-1.24. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg009.humanitext-grc2:1.1-1.24

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