Humanitext Reader

Herodotus · Histories §2.75.1-2.75.4

Bones of Winged Serpents and Why Ibises Are Sacred

Passage 291 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

The author describes visiting a place in Arabia near Buto to see the bones of winged serpents, and recounts the legend of how ibises slaughter these invading serpents, explaining why they are highly revered by the Egyptians.

§2.75.1ἔστι δὲ χῶρος τῆς Ἀραβίης κατὰ Βουτοῦν πόλιν μάλιστά κῃ κείμενος, καὶ ἐς τοῦτο τὸ χωρίον ἦλθον πυνθανόμενος περὶ τῶν πτερωτῶν ὀφίων·
And there is a place in Arabia, situated very near the city of Buto, and I went to this place to inquire about the winged serpents.
ἀπικόμενος δὲ εἶδον ὀστέα ὀφίων καὶ ἀκάνθας πλήθεϊ μὲν ἀδύνατα ἀπηγήσασθαι, σωροὶ δὲ ἦσαν ἀκανθέων καὶ μεγάλοι καὶ ὑποδεέστεροι καὶ ἐλάσσονες ἔτι τούτων, πολλοὶ δὲ ἦσαν οὗτοι.
Having arrived, I saw bones of serpents and spines in quantities impossible to describe, and there were heaps of spines, some large, some smaller, and others still smaller than these, and these heaps were many.
§2.75.2ἔστι δὲ ὁ χῶρος οὗτος, ἐν τῷ αἱ ἄκανθαι κατακεχύαται, τοιόσδε τις, ἐσβολὴ ἐξ ὀρέων στεινῶν ἐς πεδίον μέγα, τὸ δὲ πεδίον τοῦτο συνάπτει τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ πεδίῳ.
This place, where the spines are scattered, is of this sort: a pass from narrow mountains into a great plain, and this plain joins the Egyptian plain.
§2.75.3λόγος δὲ ἐστὶ ἅμα τῷ ἔαρι πτερωτοὺς ὄφις ἐκ τῆς Ἀραβίης πέτεσθαι ἐπʼ Αἰγύπτου, τὰς δὲ ἴβις τὰς ὄρνιθας ἀπαντώσας ἐς τὴν ἐσβολὴν ταύτης τῆς χώρης οὐ παριέναι τοὺς ὄφις ἀλλὰ κατακτείνειν.
And there is a story that at the coming of spring, winged serpents fly from Arabia towards Egypt, but the ibises, which are birds, meeting them at the pass into this country, do not let the serpents pass but kill them.
§2.75.4καὶ τὴν ἶβιν διὰ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον τετιμῆσθαι λέγουσι Ἀράβιοι μεγάλως πρὸς Αἰγυπτίων· ὁμολογέουσι δὲ καὶ Αἰγύπτιοι διὰ ταῦτα τιμᾶν τὰς ὄρνιθας ταύτας.
And the Arabs say that because of this deed, the ibis is greatly honored by the Egyptians; and the Egyptians themselves agree that they honor these birds for these reasons.

Notes

  1. §2.75.1ἀδύνατα ἀπηγήσασθαι — The neuter plural adjective `ἀδύνατα` is used instead of the singular `ἀδύνατον` in an impersonal construction ("things impossible to describe"). The infinitive `ἀπηγήσασθαι` is used in a limiting (epexegetical) sense.
  2. §2.75.2κατακεχύαται — The third-person plural perfect indicative passive of `καταχέω`, equivalent to the Attic `κατακέχυνται`. This is an Ionic dialect form where `-αται` is used instead of `-νται` after a vowel stem.
  3. §2.75.3ὄφις — The accusative plural of `ὄφις` (serpent), equivalent to the Attic `ὄφεις` or `ὄφιας` (an Ionic contraction). Here it functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive `πέτεσθαι` (in the first occurrence) and the direct object of `παριέναι` and `κατακτείνειν` (in the second occurrence).
  4. §2.75.4πρὸς Αἰγυπτίων — The preposition `πρός` with the genitive expresses the agent ("by the Egyptians") of the passive infinitive `τετιμῆσθαι`. This corresponds to the standard Attic use of `ὑπό` with the genitive.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.75.1-2.75.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.75.1-2.75.4

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