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Herodotus · Histories §1.204.1-1.204.2

The Plain of the Massagetae and Cyrus's Motives for War

Passage 204 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Introducing the vast plain east of the Caspian Sea and the Massagetae who inhabit it, explaining Cyrus's desire to campaign against them.

§1.204.1τὰ μὲν δὴ πρὸς ἑσπέρην τῆς θαλάσσης ταύτης τῆς Κασπίης καλεομένης ὁ Καύκασος ἀπέργει, τὰ δὲ πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ ἥλιον ἀνατέλλοντα πεδίον ἐκδέκεται πλῆθος ἄπειρον ἐς ἄποψιν.
The Caucasus blocks the western side of this sea called the Caspian, but on the east, toward the rising sun, there succeeds a plain of boundless extent as far as the eye can see.
τοῦ ὦν δὴ πεδίου τούτου τοῦ μεγάλου οὐκ ἐλαχίστην μοῖραν μετέχουσι οἱ Μασσαγέται, ἐπʼ οὓς ὁ Κῦρος ἔσχε προθυμίην στρατεύσασθαι.
Now of this great plain, no small share is held by the Massagetae, against whom Cyrus conceived a strong desire to lead an army.
§1.204.2πολλά τε γάρ μιν καὶ μεγάλα τὰ ἐπαείροντα καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα ἦν, πρῶτον μὲν ἡ γένεσις, τὸ δοκέειν πλέον τι εἶναι ἀνθρώπου, δευτέρα δὲ ἡ εὐτυχίη ἡ κατὰ τοὺς πολέμους γενομένη· ὅκῃ γὰρ ἰθύσειε στρατεύεσθαι Κῦρος, ἀμήχανον ἦν ἐκεῖνο τὸ ἔθνος διαφυγεῖν.
For there were many and great things that incited and urged him on: first, his birth, namely the belief that he was something more than a human; and second, the good fortune that had attended him in his wars; for wherever Cyrus directed his march to campaign, it was impossible for that nation to escape.

Notes

  1. §1.204.1πλῆθος ἄπειρον ἐς ἄποψιν — ἐς ἄποψιν is an adverbial expression meaning 'in respect to sight' or 'as far as the eye can see'. πλῆθος is an accusative of specification or appositive to πεδίον, describing the limitless extent of the plain.
  2. §1.204.2πολλά τε γάρ μιν καὶ μεγάλα τὰ ἐπαείροντα καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα ἦν — Hyperbaton. The articular participle phrase τὰ ἐπαείροντα καὶ ἐποτρύνοντα ('the things inciting and urging') is the subject, while the initial πολλά ... καὶ μεγάλα serves as the predicate adjectives. μιν ('him') is the direct object of the participles.
  3. §1.204.2ὅκῃ γὰρ ἰθύσειε — The optative ἰθύσειε with the general relative adverb ὅκῃ ('wherever') expresses a general repetition in past time ('wherever he might direct his course').

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §1.204.1-1.204.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.204.1-1.204.2

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