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Homeric Hymns · Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo §346-414

Punishment of Telphusa and Seizure of the Cretan Ship

Passage 6 of 8 · Greek

Summary

Hera gives birth to Typhaon and entrusts him to the dragoness who is later slain by Apollo. Apollo establishes the name of Pytho, punishes the deceptive spring Telphusa, and then, taking the form of a dolphin, hijacks a Cretan ship to obtain priests for his temple.

§346αὐτῷ ἐφεζομένη πυκινὰς φραζέσκετο βουλάς· §347ἀλλʼ ἥ γʼ ἐν νηοῖσι πολυλλίστοισι μένουσα §348τέρπετο οἷς ἱεροῖσι βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη.
Sitting upon it, she was constantly planning deep counsels; but remaining in the temples where many prayers are made, the ox-eyed lady Hera delighted in her holy offerings.
§349ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μῆνές τε καὶ ἡμέραι ἐξετελεῦντο §350ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος καὶ ἐπήλυθον ὧραι, §351ἣ δʼ ἔτεκʼ οὔτε θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιον οὔτε βροτοῖσι, §352δεινόν τʼ ἀργαλέον τε Τυφάονα, πῆμα βροτοῖσιν.
But when indeed the months and days were fulfilled, as the year came round again and the seasons came on, she bore one like neither to gods nor to mortals, the terrible and troublesome Typhaon, a plague to mortals.
§353αὐτίκα τόνδε λαβοῦσα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη §354δῶκεν ἔπειτα φέρουσα κακῷ κακόν· ἣ δʼ ὑπέδεκτο.
Immediately taking him, the ox-eyed lady Hera gave him then, carrying him, as an evil to an evil; and she received him.
§355ὃς κακὰ πόλλʼ ἔρδεσκεν ἀγακλυτὰ φῦλʼ ἀνθρώπων· §356ὃς τῇ γʼ ἀντιάσειε, φέρεσκέ μιν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ, §357πρίν γέ οἱ ἰὸν ἐφῆκε ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων §358καρτερόν· ἣ δʼ ὀδύνῃσιν ἐρεχθομένη χαλεπῇσι §359κεῖτο μέγʼ ἀσθμαίνουσα κυλινδομένη κατὰ χῶρον.
He used to work many evils upon the glorious tribes of men; whoever met her, the fated day would carry him off, until the lord far-shooting Apollo sent a strong arrow upon her; and she, racked with bitter pains, lay gasping hard, rolling over the ground.
§360θεσπεσίη δʼ ἐνοπὴ γένετʼ ἄσπετος· ἣ δὲ καθʼ ὕλην §361πυκνὰ μάλʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ἑλίσσετο, λεῖπε δὲ θυμὸν §362φοινὸν ἀποπνείουσʼ· ὃ δʼ ἐπηύξατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· §363<milestone type="startquote"> ἐνταυθοῖ νῦν πύθευ ἐπὶ χθονὶ βωτιανείρῃ· §364οὐδὲ σύ γε ζώουσα κακὸν δήλημα βροτοῖσιν §365ἔσσεαι, οἳ γαίης πολυφόρβου καρπὸν ἔδοντες §366ἐνθάδʼ ἀγινήσουσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας· §367οὐδέ τί τοι θάνατόν γε δυσηλεγέʼ οὔτε Τυφωεὺς §368ἀρκέσει οὔτε Χίμαιρα δυσώνυμος, ἀλλά σέ γʼ αὐτοῦ §369πύσει Γαῖα μέλαινα καὶ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων. <milestone type="endquote"> §370ὣς φάτʼ ἐπευχόμενος· τὴν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.
A wondrous, unspeakable cry arose; and she through the wood rolled over and over very thick, here and there, and breathed out her life, breathing out her bloody breath; and Phoebus Apollo boasted over her: <milestone type="startquote"> "Rot here now upon the man-nourishing earth; nor shall you, living, be any more a harmful bane to mortals, who, eating the fruit of the much-nourishing earth, shall bring hither perfect hecatombs; nor shall Typhoeus protect you from grievous death, nor the ill-named Chimera, but right here the black Earth and shining Hyperion shall rot you." <milestone type="endquote"> So he spoke, boasting; and darkness covered her eyes.
§371τὴν δʼ αὐτοῦ κατέπυσʼ ἱερὸν μένος Ἠελίοιο, §372ἐξ οὗ νῦν Πυθὼ κικλήσκεται· οἳ δὲ ἄνακτα §373Πύθιον ἀγκαλέουσιν ἐπώνυμον, οὕνεκα κεῖθι §374αὐτοῦ πῦσε πέλωρ μένος ὀξέος Ἠελίοιο.
And there the holy power of Helios rotted her, from which now the place is called Pytho; and they call the lord Pythian by surname, because there the power of the sharp Helios rotted the monster.
§375καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων, §376οὕνεκά μιν κρήνη καλλίρροος ἐξαπάφησε· §377βῆ δʼ ἐπὶ Τελφούσῃ κεχολωμένος, αἶψα δʼ ἵκανε· §378στῆ δὲ μάλʼ ἄγχʼ αὐτῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· §379<milestone type="startquote"> Τελφοῦσʼ, οὐκ ἄρʼ ἔμελλες ἐμὸν νόον ἐξαπαφοῦσα §380χῶρον ἔχουσʼ ἐρατὸν προρέειν καλλίρροον ὕδωρ.
And then indeed Phoebus Apollo knew in his heart that the beautiful-flowing spring had deceived him; and he went against Telphusa in anger, and quickly came there; and he stood very close to her and spoke a word to her: <milestone type="startquote"> "Telphusa, you were not destined to deceive my mind and, holding this lovely place, to pour forth your beautiful-flowing water.
§381ἐνθάδε δὴ καὶ ἐμὸν κλέος ἔσσεται, οὐδὲ σὸν οἴης. <milestone type="endquote"> §382ἦ καὶ ἐπὶ ῥίον ὦσε ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων §383πετραίῃς προχυτῇσιν, ἀπέκρυψεν δὲ ῥέεθρα §384καὶ βωμὸν ποιήσατʼ ἐν ἄλσεϊ δενδρήεντι, §385ἄγχι μάλα κρήνης καλλιρρόου· ἔνθαδʼ ἄνακτι §386πάντες ἐπίκλησιν Τελφουσίῳ εὐχετόωνται, §387οὕνεκα Τελφούσης ἱερῆς ᾔσχυνε ῥέεθρα.
Here indeed shall my glory also be, and not yours alone." <milestone type="endquote"> He spoke, and lord far-shooting Apollo pushed down a crag with a shower of stones, and hid her streams, and made an altar in a woody grove, very near the beautiful-flowing spring; there to the lord all pray by the surname of Telphusian, because he defiled the streams of sacred Telphusa.
§388καὶ τότε δὴ κατὰ θυμὸν ἐφράζετο Φοῖβος Απόλλων, §389οὕστινας ἀνθρώπους ὀργείονας εἰσαγάγοιτο, §390οἳ θεραπεύσονται Πυθοῖ ἔνι πετρηέσσῃ· §391ταῦτʼ ἄρα ὁρμαίνων ἐνόησʼ ἐπὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ §392νῆα θοήν· ἐν δʼ ἄνδρες ἔσαν πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί, §393Κρῆτες ἀπὸ Κνωσοῦ Μινωίου, οἵ ῥα ἄνακτι §394ἱερά τε ῥέζουσι καὶ ἀγγέλλουσι θέμιστας §395φοίβου Ἀπόλλωνος χρυσαόρου, ὅττι κεν εἴπῃ §396χρείων ἐκ δάφνης γυάλων ὕπο Παρνησοῖο.
And then indeed Phoebus Apollo planned in his heart what men he should bring in as priests, who should serve him in rocky Pytho; while pondering these things, he noticed on the wine-dark sea a swift ship; and in her were many and noble men, Cretans from Minoan Knossos, who indeed to the lord perform sacrifices and announce the decrees of Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, whatever he says prophesying from the laurel under the hollows of Parnassus.
§397οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρῆξιν καὶ χρήματα νηὶ μελαίνῃ §398ἐς Πύλον ἠμαθόεντα Πυλοιγενέας τʼ ἀνθρώπους §399ἔπλεον· αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖσι συνήντετο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· §400ἐν πόντῳ δʼ ἐπόρουσε δέμας δελφῖνι ἐοικὼς §401νηὶ θοῇ καὶ κεῖτο πέλωρ μέγα τε δεινόν τε· §402τῶν δʼ οὔτις κατὰ θυμὸν ἐπεφράσαθʼ ὥστε νοῆσαι §402a[ἐκβάλλειν δʼ ἔθελον δελφῖνʼ· ὁ δὲ νῆα μέλαιναν] §403πάντοσʼ ἀνασσείσασκε, τίνασσε δὲ νήια δοῦρα.
They, for business and wealth, in a black ship were sailing to sandy Pylos and the Pylian-born men; but Phoebus Apollo met them; and on the sea he leaped, like a dolphin in form, upon the swift ship and lay, a great and terrible monster; and of them, no one turned it over in his mind to understand; [and they wished to cast out the dolphin, but he the black ship] shook on every side, and rattled the ship's timbers.
§404οἳ δʼ ἀκέων ἐνὶ νηὶ καθήατο δειμαίνοντες· §405οὐδʼ οἵ γʼ ὅπλʼ ἔλυον κοίλην ἀνὰ νῆα μέλαιναν, §406οὐδʼ ἔλυον λαῖφος νηὸς κυανοπρώροιο, §407ἀλλʼ ὡς τὰ πρώτιστα κατεστήσαντο βοεῦσιν, §408ὣς ἔπλεον· κραιπνὸς δὲ Νότος κατόπισθεν ἔπειγε §409νῆα θοήν· πρῶτον δὲ παρημείβοντο Μάλειαν, §410πὰρ δὲ Λακωνίδα γαῖαν ἁλιστέφανον πτολίεθρον §411ἷξον καὶ χῶρον τερψιμβρότου Ἠελίοιο, §412Ταίναρον, ἔνθα τε μῆλα βαθύτριχα βόσκεται αἰεὶ §413Ἠελίοιο ἄνακτος, ἔχει δʼ ἐπιτερπέα χῶρον.
And they sat in silence in the ship, fearing; nor did they loose the tackling throughout the hollow black ship, nor did they lower the sail of the dark-prowed ship, but as they had first set things with ox-hide ropes, so they sailed; and the swift South Wind from behind urged on the swift ship; and first they passed Malea, and past the Laconian land, the sea-girt city, they came, and to the place of Helios who delights mortals, Taenarum, where the thick-fleeced sheep ever graze of the lord Helios, and he has a delightful land.
§414οἳ μὲν ἄρʼ ἔνθʼ ἔθελον νῆα σχεῖν ἠδʼ ἀποβάντες
There they indeed wished to bring the ship to land and, disembarking,

Notes

  1. 346αὐτῷ — The dative αὐτῷ refers to the "richly wrought seat (θῶκον πολυδαίδαλον)" mentioned in the preceding line (345). It functions here without a preposition to mean "sitting upon it."
  2. 356ὃς τῇ γʼ ἀντιάσειε, φέρεσκέ μιν αἴσιμον ἦμαρ — The combination of the optative ἀντιάσειε (optative of past general condition) in the relative clause and the iterative imperfect indicative φέρεσκε (from φέρω with the iterative suffix -σκε-) in the main clause expresses a past general/repeated action: "whoever met her, his fated day would carry him off."
  3. 369πύσει — The third-person singular future active of the verb πύθω (to rot). Although usually intransitive ("to rot"), here it is used transitively ("will rot you"). This wordplay directly anticipates the etymological explanation of the name "Pytho" in lines 372-374, derived from the rotting of the monster under the sun.
  4. 389εἰσαγάγοιτο — Due to the secondary tense in the main clause (ἐφράζετο), the verb in the indirect question clause appears in the optative mood (deliberative optative in past sequence), where a subjunctive (or future indicative) would otherwise be expected, representing Apollo's deliberation on "whom he should bring in."
  5. 402τῶν δʼ οὔτις κατὰ θυμὸν ἐπεφράσαθʼ ὥστε νοῆσαι — The construction of ὥστε with the infinitive νοῆσαι. Combined with the negative in the main clause (οὔτις ... ἐπεφράσατο), it denotes a result involving intention or capability: "no one turned it over in his mind so as to understand (its identity)."

Cite this passage

Homeric Hymns, Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo §346-414. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg003.humanitext-grc2:346-414

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