Humanitext Reader

Homer · Odyssey §17.340-17.407

The Beggar's Request and Antinous's Indignation

Passage 123 of 173 · Greek

Summary

Odysseus, in the guise of a beggar, enters the palace and receives food through Telemachus' generosity, before being encouraged to beg from the suitors. Seeing this, the goatherd Melanthius announces his arrival, prompting the suitor Antinous to harshly berate the swineherd Eumaeus, which leads to a heated dispute among Eumaeus, Telemachus, and Antinous.

§17.340κλινάμενος σταθμῷ κυπαρισσίνῳ, ὅν ποτε τέκτων §17.341ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.
He sat down, leaning against the cypress post, which once a carpenter had skillfully planed and made straight by a line.
§17.342Τηλέμαχος δʼ ἐπὶ οἷ καλέσας προσέειπε συβώτην, §17.343ἄρτον τʼ οὖλον ἑλὼν περικαλλέος ἐκ κανέοιο §17.344καὶ κρέας, ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι· §17.345δὸς τῷ ξείνῳ ταῦτα φέρων αὐτόν τε κέλευε §17.346αἰτίζειν μάλα πάντας ἐποιχόμενον μνηστῆρας· §17.347αἰδὼς δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθὴ κεχρημένῳ ἀνδρὶ παρεῖναι. §17.348ὣς φάτο, βῆ δὲ συφορβός, ἐπεὶ τὸν μῦθον ἄκουσεν, §17.349ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντʼ ἀγόρευε· §17.350Τηλέμαχός τοι, ξεῖνε, διδοῖ τάδε, καί σε κελεύει §17.351αἰτίζειν μάλα πάντας ἐποιχόμενον μνηστῆρας· §17.352αἰδῶ δʼ οὐκ ἀγαθήν φησʼ ἔμμεναι ἀνδρὶ προΐκτῃ. §17.353τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πολύμητις Ὀδυσσεύς· §17.354Ζεῦ ἄνα, Τηλέμαχόν μοι ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιον εἶναι, §17.355καί οἱ πάντα γένοιθʼ ὅσσα φρεσὶν ᾗσι μενοινᾷ. §17.356ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμφοτέρῃσιν ἐδέξατο καὶ κατέθηκεν §17.357αὖθι ποδῶν προπάροιθεν, ἀεικελίης ἐπὶ πήρης, §17.358ἤσθιε δʼ ἧος ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν·
And Telemachus called the swineherd to him and spoke, taking a whole loaf of bread from the very beautiful basket and as much meat as his hands could hold as he clasped them: 'Take and give these to the stranger, and bid him go about and beg of all the suitors in turn; for shame is no good companion for a man in need.' So he spoke, and the swineherd went when he had heard the words, and standing near, he spoke winged words: 'Telemachus, stranger, gives you these, and bids you go about and beg of all the suitors in turn; and he says that shame is no good thing for a beggar.' Then much-scheming Odysseus answered him: 'King Zeus, grant that Telemachus may be happy among men, and may all things be fulfilled for him, whatever he desires in his heart.' He spoke, and received it with both hands, and laid it down there before his feet, upon his miserable bag, and he ate as long as the singer sang in the halls.
§17.359εὖθʼ ὁ δεδειπνήκειν, ὁ δʼ ἐπαύετο θεῖος ἀοιδός.
But when he had finished his meal, the divine singer ceased.
§17.360μνηστῆρες δʼ ὁμάδησαν ἀνὰ μέγαρʼ.
And the suitors made a clamor throughout the halls.
αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη, §17.361ἄγχι παρισταμένη Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα §17.362ὤτρυνʼ, ὡς ἂν πύρνα κατὰ μνηστῆρας ἀγείροι, §17.363γνοίη θʼ οἵ τινές εἰσιν ἐναίσιμοι οἵ τʼ ἀθέμιστοι· §17.364ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὥς τινʼ ἔμελλʼ ἀπαλεξήσειν κακότητος.
But Athena, standing near Odysseus, son of Laertes, urged him to gather crusts of bread among the suitors, that he might know who were righteous and who lawless; yet even so she was not minded to save any of them from destruction.
§17.365βῆ δʼ ἴμεν αἰτήσων ἐνδέξια φῶτα ἕκαστον, §17.366πάντοσε χεῖρʼ ὀρέγων, ὡς εἰ πτωχὸς πάλαι εἴη.
And he went to beg of each man from right to left, stretching out his hand on every side, as if he had been a beggar of old.
§17.367οἱ δʼ ἐλεαίροντες δίδοσαν, καὶ ἐθάμβεον αὐτόν, §17.368ἀλλήλους τʼ εἴροντο τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι.
And they, pitying him, gave, and were amazed at him, and asked one another who he was and whence he came.
§17.369τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπε Μελάνθιος, αἰπόλος αἰγῶν· §17.370κέκλυτέ μευ, μνηστῆρες ἀγακλειτῆς βασιλείης, §17.371τοῦδε περὶ ξείνου· ἦ γάρ μιν πρόσθεν ὄπωπα.
Then Melanthius, the goatherd, also spoke among them: 'Hear me, suitors of the glorious queen, concerning this stranger; for indeed I have seen him before.
§17.372ἦ τοι μέν οἱ δεῦρο συβώτης ἡγεμόνευεν, §17.373αὐτὸν δʼ οὐ σάφα οἶδα, πόθεν γένος εὔχεται εἶναι. §17.374ὣς ἔφατʼ, Ἀντίνοος δʼ ἔπεσιν νείκεσσε συβώτην· §17.375ὦ ἀρίγνωτε συβῶτα, τίη δὲ σὺ τόνδε πόλινδε
Truly the swineherd was guiding him hither, but of the man himself I do not know for certain of what lineage he claims to be.' So he spoke, and Antinous rated the swineherd with harsh words: 'O notorious swineherd, why did you bring this man to the city?
§17.376ἤγαγες; ἦ οὐχ ἅλις ἧμιν ἀλήμονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι, §17.377πτωχοὶ ἀνιηροί, δαιτῶν ἀπολυμαντῆρες;
Is it not enough for us that there are other wanderers, wretched beggars, spoilers of the feasts?
§17.378ἦ ὄνοσαι ὅτι τοι βίοτον κατέδουσιν ἄνακτος §17.379ἐνθάδʼ ἀγειρόμενοι, σὺ δὲ καὶ προτὶ τόνδʼ ἐκάλεσσας; §17.380τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα·
Do you make light of the fact that they gather here and devour the substance of your master, and did you also invite this man besides?' And answering him, you addressed him, O swineherd Eumaeus: 'Antinous, you do not speak well, noble though you are.
§17.381Ἀντίνοʼ, οὐ μὲν καλὰ καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις· §17.382τίς γὰρ δὴ ξεῖνον καλεῖ ἄλλοθεν αὐτὸς ἐπελθὼν §17.383ἄλλον γʼ, εἰ μὴ τῶν οἳ δημιοεργοὶ ἔασι, §17.384μάντιν ἢ ἰητῆρα κακῶν ἢ τέκτονα δούρων, §17.385ἢ καὶ θέσπιν ἀοιδόν, ὅ κεν τέρπῃσιν ἀείδων;
For who indeed ever goes and calls a stranger from elsewhere on his own initiative, unless it be one of those who are public servants, a prophet, or a healer of ills, or a builder of spears, or even a divine singer, who may give delight by his singing?
§17.386οὗτοι γὰρ κλητοί γε βροτῶν ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν· §17.387πτωχὸν δʼ οὐκ ἄν τις καλέοι τρύξοντα ἓ αὐτόν.
For these are invited by mortals over the limitless earth; but a beggar no one would call, to consume his own substance.
§17.388ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ χαλεπὸς περὶ πάντων εἶς μνηστήρων §17.389δμωσὶν Ὀδυσσῆος, πέρι δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμοί· αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε §17.390οὐκ ἀλέγω, ἧός μοι ἐχέφρων Πηνελόπεια §17.391ζώει ἐνὶ μεγάροις καὶ Τηλέμαχος θεοειδής. §17.392τὸν δʼ αὖ Τηλέμαχος πεπνυμένος ἀντίον ηὔδα·
But you are always harsh beyond all the suitors to the servants of Odysseus, and especially to me; yet I do not care, as long as wise Penelope lives in the palace, and godlike Telemachus.' Then wise Telemachus spoke to him in answer: 'Be silent, do not answer him with many words.
§17.393σίγα, μή μοι τοῦτον ἀμείβεο πολλὰ ἔπεσσιν· §17.394Ἀντίνοος δʼ εἴωθε κακῶς ἐρεθιζέμεν αἰεὶ §17.395μύθοισιν χαλεποῖσιν, ἐποτρύνει δὲ καὶ ἄλλους. §17.396ἦ ῥα καὶ Ἀντίνοον ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §17.397Ἀντίνοʼ, ἦ μευ καλὰ πατὴρ ὣς κήδεαι υἷος, §17.398ὃς τὸν ξεῖνον ἄνωγας ἀπὸ μεγάροιο διέσθαι §17.399μύθῳ ἀναγκαίῳ· μὴ τοῦτο θεὸς τελέσειε.
For Antinous is accustomed always to provoke harshly with bitter words, and he urges on the others too.' He spoke, and addressed Antinous with winged words: 'Antinous, truly you care for me well, as a father for his son, you who bid me drive the stranger from the hall with a word of compulsion; may God not bring this to pass.
§17.400δός οἱ ἑλών· οὔ τοι φθονέω· κέλομαι γὰρ ἐγώ γε·
Take and give to him; I do not grudge it; indeed I bid you.
§17.401μήτʼ οὖν μητέρʼ ἐμὴν ἅζευ τό γε μήτε τινʼ ἄλλον §17.402δμώων, οἳ κατὰ δώματʼ Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο.
Have no fear of my mother in this, nor of any other of the servants who are in the house of divine Odysseus.
§17.403ἀλλʼ οὔ τοι τοιοῦτον ἐνὶ στήθεσσι νόημα· §17.404αὐτὸς γὰρ φαγέμεν πολὺ βούλεαι ἢ δόμεν ἄλλῳ. §17.405τὸν δʼ αὖτʼ Ἀντίνοος ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέειπε· §17.406Τηλέμαχʼ ὑψαγόρη, μένος ἄσχετε, ποῖον ἔειπες.
But indeed no such thought is in your breast; for you yourself desire far more to eat than to give to another.' And Antinous answered him, saying: 'Telemachus, boastful speaker, of unrestrained rage, what a thing you have said!
§17.407εἴ οἱ τόσσον ἅπαντες ὀρέξειαν μνηστῆρες,
If all the suitors should offer him as much,'

Notes

  1. 17.344ὥς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον ἀμφιβαλόντι — A clause introduced by the relative adverb `ὡς` ('as much as'). The dative participle `ἀμφιβαλόντι` agrees with the dative pronoun `οἱ` (referring to Eumaeus) within the relative clause. It means 'as much as his (Eumaeus') hands could hold when throwing them around (the meat)', expressing the quantity of meat he could grasp with both hands.
  2. 17.354Τηλέμαχόν μοι ἐν ἀνδράσιν ὄλβιον εἶναι — An 'infinitive of wish' where the infinitive `εἶναι` expresses a prayer to the gods in an independent clause. The accusative `Τηλέμαχον` acts as the subject of the infinitive. The dative `μοι` functions as an ethical dative (expressing 'for me' or a pleading nuance of 'I pray').
  3. 17.359εὖθʼ ὁ δεδειπνήκειν — A clause introduced by the conjunction `εὖτε` ('when'). The verb `δεδειπνήκειν` is the third-person singular of the pluperfect active in the Ionic/epic form (usually ending in `-ει`). In epic poetry, the pluperfect is frequently used instead of the aorist or imperfect to express a completed action in past time ('when he had finished dining').
  4. 17.364ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ ὥς — The adverb `ὡς` with an accent is demonstrative, meaning 'thus' or 'so'. Combined with the negative, `οὐδʼ ὥς` expresses a strong concessive negation, 'not even so' or 'nevertheless... not'. The omitted subject of the sentence is the goddess Athena (`Ἀθήνη`) mentioned in line 360.
  5. 17.378ἦ ὄνοσαι ὅτι — A rhetorical or ironic question introduced by the interrogative particle `ἦ`. `ὄνοσαι` is the second-person singular present of `ὄνομαι` ('to find fault with', 'to make light of'). The object of dissatisfaction is presented by the `ὅτι` clause ('that they devour...'). It forms a paradoxical accusation: 'Is it because you grudge that they devour your master's substance that you have invited this man too?'
  6. 17.382ἄλλον γʼ — The interpretation of `ἄλλον` with the restrictive particle `γε`. It either pleonastically emphasizes `ξεῖνον` ('any other stranger', i.e., someone who is not a craftsman), or carries an altruistic nuance ('a stranger for someone else', meaning inviting a stranger who is of no benefit to oneself).

Cite this passage

Homer, Odyssey §17.340-17.407. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:17.340-17.407

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