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Homer · Iliad §8.425-8.493

The Goddesses' Return and Zeus's Prophecy of Battle

Passage 71 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Upon Iris's warning, Hera and Athena turn back and return to Olympus. Zeus, returning shortly after, mocks their silence and prophesies a harsher fate for the Achaeans tomorrow, coldly dismissing Hera's anger. As night falls, Hector calls a council of the Trojans.

§8.425ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπέβη πόδας ὠκέα Ἶρις, §8.426αὐτὰρ Ἀθηναίην Ἥρη πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· §8.427ὢ πόποι αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος, οὐκέτʼ ἔγωγε §8.428νῶϊ ἐῶ Διὸς ἄντα βροτῶν ἕνεκα πτολεμίζειν·
So she spoke, and swift-footed Iris departed; but Hera spoke to Athena, saying: "Alas, child of aegis-bearing Zeus, I for my part will no longer allow the two of us to war against Zeus for the sake of mortals.
§8.429τῶν ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω, ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω, §8.430ὅς κε τύχῃ· κεῖνος δὲ τὰ ἃ φρονέων ἐνὶ θυμῷ §8.431Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι δικαζέτω, ὡς ἐπιεικές. §8.432ὣς ἄρα φωνήσασα πάλιν τρέπε μώνυχας ἵππους·
Let one of them perish, and let another live, whosoever may chance to do so; and let him, purposing his own things in his heart, judge between Trojans and Danaans, as is fitting." So she spoke, and turned back her single-hooved horses.
§8.433τῇσιν δʼ Ὧραι μὲν λῦσαν καλλίτριχας ἵππους, §8.434καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατέδησαν ἐπʼ ἀμβροσίῃσι κάπῃσιν, §8.435ἅρματα δʼ ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια παμφανόωντα· §8.436αὐταὶ δὲ χρυσέοισιν ἐπὶ κλισμοῖσι κάθιζον §8.437μίγδʼ ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι, φίλον τετιημέναι ἦτορ.
For them the Hours unyoked the fair-maned horses, and bound them at their ambrosial mangers, and leaned the chariot against the fully-gleaming wall; and they themselves sat upon golden couches, mingling with the other gods, grieved in their dear heart.
§8.438Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ Ἴδηθεν ἐΰτροχον ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους §8.439Οὔλυμπον δὲ δίωκε, θεῶν δʼ ἐξίκετο θώκους.
But father Zeus drove his well-wheeled chariot and horses from Ida to Olympus, and came to the seats of the gods.
§8.440τῷ δὲ καὶ ἵππους μὲν λῦσε κλυτὸς ἐννοσίγαιος, §8.441ἅρματα δʼ ἂμ βωμοῖσι τίθει κατὰ λῖτα πετάσσας· §8.442αὐτὸς δὲ χρύσειον ἐπὶ θρόνον εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς §8.443ἕζετο, τῷ δʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶ μέγας πελεμίζετʼ Ὄλυμπος.
For him the famous Earth-shaker unyoked the horses, and placed the chariot upon its stand, spreading a linen cloth over it; and Zeus himself, of the far-sounding voice, sat upon his golden throne, and beneath his feet great Olympus trembled.
§8.444αἳ δʼ οἶαι Διὸς ἀμφὶς Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη §8.445ἥσθην, οὐδέ τί μιν προσεφώνεον οὐδʼ ἐρέοντο·
But they two, Athena and Hera, sat apart from Zeus by themselves, and did not address him at all, nor ask him anything.
§8.446αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗσιν ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φώνησέν τε· §8.447τίφθʼ οὕτω τετίησθον Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη;
But he knew it in his own mind, and spoke: "Why are you two so grieved, Athena and Hera?
§8.448οὐ μέν θην κάμετόν γε μάχῃ ἔνι κυδιανείρῃ §8.449ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας, τοῖσιν κότον αἰνὸν ἔθεσθε.
Surely you have not grown weary in the glory-bringing battle of destroying the Trojans, against whom you have set terrible wrath.
§8.450πάντως, οἷον ἐμόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρες ἄαπτοι, §8.451οὐκ ἄν με τρέψειαν ὅσοι θεοί εἰσʼ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ.
Truly, such is my strength and my hands untouchable, that not all the gods in Olympus could have turned me back.
§8.452σφῶϊν δὲ πρίν περ τρόμος ἔλλαβε φαίδιμα γυῖα §8.453πρὶν πόλεμόν τε ἰδεῖν πολέμοιό τε μέρμερα ἔργα.
But as for you two, trembling seized your glorious limbs before you even saw war and the terrible deeds of war.
§8.454ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δέ κεν τετελεσμένον ἦεν· §8.455οὐκ ἂν ἐφʼ ὑμετέρων ὀχέων πληγέντε κεραυνῷ §8.456ἂψ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἵκεσθον, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτων ἕδος ἐστίν. §8.457ὣς ἔφαθʼ, αἳ δʼ ἐπέμυξαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη· §8.458πλησίαι αἵ γʼ ἥσθην, κακὰ δὲ Τρώεσσι μεδέσθην.
For thus will I speak, and it would indeed have been fulfilled: not on your own chariot, struck by the thunderbolt, would you have returned to Olympus, where is the seat of the immortals." So he spoke, and Athena and Hera murmured; they sat close together, and were planning evils for the Trojans.
§8.459ἤτοι Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν οὐδέ τι εἶπε §8.460σκυζομένη Διὶ πατρί, χόλος δέ μιν ἄγριος ᾕρει· §8.461Ἥρῃ δʼ οὐκ ἔχαδε στῆθος χόλον, ἀλλὰ προσηύδα· §8.462αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες.
Indeed Athena kept silence and said nothing, wroth with father Zeus, and wild anger possessed her; but Hera did not contain her anger in her breast, but spoke: "Most dread son of Cronos, what a word is this you have spoken!
§8.463εὖ νυ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ὅ τοι σθένος οὐκ ἀλαπαδνόν· §8.464ἀλλʼ ἔμπης Δαναῶν ὀλοφυρόμεθʼ αἰχμητάων, §8.465οἵ κεν δὴ κακὸν οἶτον ἀναπλήσαντες ὄλωνται.
Well do we too know that your power is not weak; yet nevertheless we pity the Danaan spearmen, who indeed are about to perish, fulfilling an evil fate.
§8.466ἀλλʼ ἤτοι πολέμου μὲν ἀφεξόμεθʼ, εἰ σὺ κελεύεις· §8.467βουλὴν δʼ Ἀργείοις ὑποθησόμεθʼ ἥ τις ὀνήσει, §8.468ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνται ὀδυσσαμένοιο τεοῖο. §8.469τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς· §8.470ἠοῦς δὴ καὶ μᾶλλον ὑπερμενέα Κρονίωνα §8.471ὄψεαι, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα, βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη §8.472ὀλλύντʼ Ἀργείων πουλὺν στρατὸν αἰχμητάων· §8.473οὐ γὰρ πρὶν πολέμου ἀποπαύσεται ὄβριμος Ἕκτωρ §8.474πρὶν ὄρθαι παρὰ ναῦφι ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα, §8.475ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἂν οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ πρύμνῃσι μάχωνται §8.476στείνει ἐν αἰνοτάτῳ περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος· §8.477ὣς γὰρ θέσφατόν ἐστι·
Yet truly we will refrain from war, if you so bid; but counsel we will offer to the Argives, which shall profit them, so that they may not all perish because of your wrath." And in answer to her spoke cloud-gathering Zeus: "At dawn tomorrow, if you will, O ox-eyed queen Hera, you shall see the all-powerful son of Cronos destroying still more of the great host of Argive spearmen; for mighty Hector shall not cease from war until the swift-footed son of Peleus is aroused beside the ships, on that day when they shall fight at the sterns of the ships in most terrible straits around Patroclus fallen; for so is it decreed by heaven.
σέθεν δʼ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω §8.478χωομένης, οὐδʼ εἴ κε τὰ νείατα πείραθʼ ἵκηαι §8.479γαίης καὶ πόντοιο, ἵνʼ Ἰάπετός τε Κρόνος τε §8.480ἥμενοι οὔτʼ αὐγῇς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο §8.481τέρποντʼ οὔτʼ ἀνέμοισι, βαθὺς δέ τε Τάρταρος ἀμφίς· §8.482οὐδʼ ἢν ἔνθʼ ἀφίκηαι ἀλωμένη, οὔ σευ ἔγωγε §8.483σκυζομένης ἀλέγω, ἐπεὶ οὐ σέο κύντερον ἄλλο. §8.484ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ οὔ τι προσέφη λευκώλενος Ἥρη.
And of your anger I care not, not even if you should go to the furthest bounds of earth and sea, where Iapetus and Cronos sit and have joy neither in the rays of Hyperion Helios nor in any winds, but deep Tartarus is all around; not even if you should wander thither, do I care for your anger, since there is nothing more shameless than you." So he spoke, and white-armed Hera made no answer.
§8.485ἐν δʼ ἔπεσʼ Ὠκεανῷ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο §8.486ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν ἐπὶ ζείδωρον ἄρουραν.
And the bright light of the sun fell into Oceanus, drawing black night over the grain-giving earth.
§8.487Τρωσὶν μέν ῥʼ ἀέκουσιν ἔδυ φάος, αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοῖς §8.488ἀσπασίη τρίλλιστος ἐπήλυθε νὺξ ἐρεβεννή.
Unwillingly to the Trojans the light went down, but to the Achaeans welcome, thrice-prayed-for, came dark night.
§8.489Τρώων αὖτʼ ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ §8.490νόσφι νεῶν ἀγαγὼν ποταμῷ ἔπι δινήεντι, §8.491ἐν καθαρῷ ὅθι δὴ νεκύων διεφαίνετο χῶρος.
Then glorious Hector made an assembly of the Trojans, leading them apart from the ships beside the eddying river, in a clear space where the ground appeared free of dead bodies.
§8.492ἐξ ἵππων δʼ ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα μῦθον ἄκουον §8.493τόν ῥʼ Ἕκτωρ ἀγόρευε Διῒ φίλος· ἐν δʼ ἄρα χειρὶ
And stepping down from their horses to the ground they heard the word which Hector, beloved of Zeus, spoke; and in his hand

Notes

  1. 8.428νῶϊ ἐῶ — The verb ἐῶ (1st person singular present indicative of ἐάω), when accompanying an infinitive, means 'to permit' or 'to allow'. Here, with the dual first-person accusative pronoun νῶϊ as the subject of the infinitive πτολεμίζειν, it means 'I no longer allow the two of us to fight.' It expresses Hera's strong resolution to abandon their intervention.
  2. 8.430τὰ ἃ φρονέων — The neuter plural accusative demonstrative/possessive pronoun τὰ ἃ (his own things) functions either as the internal object of the present participle φρονέων (purposing, thinking) or adverbially. It translates as 'purposing his own designs in his heart' or 'according to his own mind.'
  3. 8.448οὐ μέν θην κάμετόν γε — The verb form κάμετον is the second aorist dual second person of κάμνω (to grow weary, toil). Together with the following infinitive ὀλλῦσαι (to destroy), it forms an ironic expression: 'surely you have not grown weary of destroying.' The particle θην adds an ironic or confident emphasis ('surely not').
  4. 8.454τὸ δέ κεν τετελεσμένον ἦεν — The combination of κεν (the poetic equivalent of ἄν) and the imperfect indicative ἦεν (3rd person singular of εἰμί, forming a periphrastic pluperfect with the perfect passive participle τετελεσμένον) expresses a past counterfactual condition: 'it would indeed have been fulfilled.' It emphasizes the certainty of the result that would have occurred had Zeus struck them with his thunderbolt.
  5. 8.474πρὶν ὄρθαι — The conjunction πρὶν, following a negative in the preceding clause (οὐ γὰρ πρὶν...), takes the infinitive ὄρθαι (the second aorist middle/intransitive of ὄρνυμι, meaning 'to rise, be aroused') and means 'until...' The accusative Πηλεΐωνα acts as the subject of the infinitive.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §8.425-8.493. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.425-8.493

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