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Homer · Iliad §8.211-8.282

Agamemnon's Prayer and the Achaean Counterattack

Passage 68 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Pushed to the brink by Hector and the Trojans, the Achaeans are revitalized by Agamemnon's prayer and a favorable eagle omen sent by Zeus. Led by Diomedes' charge and Teucer's deadly archery protected by Ajax's shield, the Achaeans successfully launch a fierce counterattack.

§8.211ἡμέας τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερός ἐστιν. §8.212ὣς οἳ μὲν τοιαῦτα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀγόρευον· §8.213τῶν δʼ ὅσον ἐκ νηῶν ἀπὸ πύργου τάφρος ἔεργε §8.214πλῆθεν ὁμῶς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν ἀσπιστάων §8.215εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ θοῷ ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ §8.216Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης, ὅτε οἱ Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκε.
"even all the rest of us; for he is by far the stronger." Thus they spoke such things to one another; Meanwhile, all the space that the trench enclosed, from the ships to the wall, was filled alike with horses and shield-bearing men penned in; and he penned them, equal to swift Ares, Hector, son of Priam, when Zeus gave him glory.
§8.217καί νύ κʼ ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ νῆας ἐΐσας, §8.218εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκʼ Ἀγαμέμνονι πότνια Ἥρη §8.219αὐτῷ ποιπνύσαντι θοῶς ὀτρῦναι Ἀχαιούς.
And now he would have burned the well-balanced ships with blazing fire, had not queenly Hera put it in the mind of Agamemnon himself to bestir himself and swiftly urge on the Achaeans.
§8.220βῆ δʼ ἰέναι παρά τε κλισίας καὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν §8.221πορφύρεον μέγα φᾶρος ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ παχείῃ, §8.222στῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ, §8.223ἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε, §8.224ἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο §8.225ἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας §8.226εἴρυσαν, ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν·
And he went along by the huts and the ships of the Achaeans, holding in his stout hand a great purple cloak, and he took his stand upon the black ship of Odysseus, huge of hull, which was in the midst so that a voice could be heard in both directions, both to the huts of Ajax, son of Telamon, and to those of Achilles; for they had drawn up their well-balanced ships at the very ends, trusting in their manhood and the strength of their hands.
§8.227ἤϋσεν δὲ διαπρύσιον Δαναοῖσι γεγωνώς· §8.228αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι, κάκʼ ἐλέγχεα, εἶδος ἀγητοί·
And he shouted aloud, making his voice heard clearly by the Danaans: "Shame, Argives, base objects of reproach, admirable in form only!
§8.229πῇ ἔβαν εὐχωλαί, ὅτε δὴ φάμεν εἶναι ἄριστοι, §8.230ἃς ὁπότʼ ἐν Λήμνῳ κενεαυχέες ἠγοράασθε, §8.231ἔσθοντες κρέα πολλὰ βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων §8.232πίνοντες κρητῆρας ἐπιστεφέας οἴνοιο, §8.233Τρώων ἄνθʼ ἑκατόν τε διηκοσίων τε ἕκαστος §8.234στήσεσθʼ ἐν πολέμῳ·
Where are those boastings gone, when we said we were the bravest, which you uttered with vain boasting once in Lemnos, while eating much flesh of straight-horned oxen and drinking from mixing-bowls filled high with wine, that each man of you would stand in battle against a hundred or two hundred of the Trojans?
νῦν δʼ οὐδʼ ἑνὸς ἄξιοί εἰμεν §8.235Ἕκτορος, ὃς τάχα νῆας ἐνιπρήσει πυρὶ κηλέῳ.
But now we are not worth even a single one, not Hector, who will soon burn our ships with blazing fire.
§8.236Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τινʼ ἤδη ὑπερμενέων βασιλήων §8.237τῇδʼ ἄτῃ ἄασας καί μιν μέγα κῦδος ἀπηύρας;
Father Zeus, did you ever yet blind one of the mighty kings with such ruin as this, and rob him of great glory?
§8.238οὐ μὲν δή ποτέ φημι τεὸν περικαλλέα βωμὸν §8.239νηῒ πολυκλήϊδι παρελθέμεν ἐνθάδε ἔρρων, §8.240ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ πᾶσι βοῶν δημὸν καὶ μηρίʼ ἔκηα §8.241ἱέμενος Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.
And yet I declare that I never passed by your beautiful altar in my many-bench ship, as I came here to my ruin, but on all of them I burned the fat of oxen and thigh pieces, striving to sack well-walled Troy.
§8.242ἀλλὰ Ζεῦ τόδε πέρ μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ· §8.243αὐτοὺς δή περ ἔασον ὑπεκφυγέειν καὶ ἀλύξαι, §8.244μηδʼ οὕτω Τρώεσσιν ἔα δάμνασθαι Ἀχαιούς. §8.245ὣς φάτο, τὸν δὲ πατὴρ ὀλοφύρατο δάκρυ χέοντα, §8.246νεῦσε δέ οἱ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι οὐδʼ ἀπολέσθαι.
But, O Zeus, fulfill at least this prayer for me: suffer us ourselves to flee and escape, and let not the Achaeans be thus subdued by the Trojans." Thus he spoke, and the father pitied him as he wept, and nodded assent that his people should be safe and not perish.
§8.247αὐτίκα δʼ αἰετὸν ἧκε τελειότατον πετεηνῶν, §8.248νεβρὸν ἔχοντʼ ὀνύχεσσι τέκος ἐλάφοιο ταχείης· §8.249πὰρ δὲ Διὸς βωμῷ περικαλλέϊ κάββαλε νεβρόν, §8.250ἔνθα πανομφαίῳ Ζηνὶ ῥέζεσκον Ἀχαιοί.
And straightway he sent an eagle, most sure of omen among winged birds, holding in his talons a fawn, the young of a swift hind; and beside the beautiful altar of Zeus he let fall the fawn, where the Achaeans were wont to sacrifice to Zeus of all voices.
§8.251οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν εἴδονθʼ ὅ τʼ ἄρʼ ἐκ Διὸς ἤλυθεν ὄρνις, §8.252μᾶλλον ἐπὶ Τρώεσσι θόρον, μνήσαντο δὲ χάρμης.
And when they saw that the bird had come from Zeus, they sprang the more upon the Trojans, and remembered battle-lust.
§8.253ἔνθʼ οὔ τις πρότερος Δαναῶν πολλῶν περ ἐόντων §8.254εὔξατο Τυδεΐδαο πάρος σχέμεν ὠκέας ἵππους §8.255τάφρου τʼ ἐξελάσαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι, §8.256ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρῶτος Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν §8.257Φραδμονίδην Ἀγέλαον· ὃ μὲν φύγαδʼ ἔτραπεν ἵππους· §8.258τῷ δὲ μεταστρεφθέντι μεταφρένῳ ἐν δόρυ πῆξεν §8.259ὤμων μεσσηγύς, διὰ δὲ στήθεσφιν ἔλασσεν· §8.260ἤριπε δʼ ἐξ ὀχέων, ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχεʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ.
Then no one of the Danaans, many though they were, could boast that he had guided his swift horses before the son of Tydeus, and driven them across the trench and fought face to face; but he was by far the first to slay a helmeted warrior of the Trojans, Agelaus, son of Phradmon; he indeed was turning his horses to flight, but as he turned, Diomedes fixed the spear in his back between the shoulders, and drove it through his chest; and he fell from his chariot, and his armor clattered upon him.
§8.261τὸν δὲ μετʼ Ἀτρεΐδαι Ἀγαμέμνων καὶ Μενέλαος, §8.262τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Αἴαντες θοῦριν ἐπιειμένοι ἀλκήν, §8.263τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Ἰδομενεὺς καὶ ὀπάων Ἰδομενῆος §8.264Μηριόνης ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ, §8.265τοῖσι δʼ ἐπʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός· §8.266Τεῦκρος δʼ εἴνατος ἦλθε παλίντονα τόξα τιταίνων, §8.267στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπʼ Αἴαντος σάκεϊ Τελαμωνιάδαο.
And after him came the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus, and after them the Ajaxes, clothed in furious valor, and after them Idomeneus and Idomeneus' companion, Meriones, peer of Enyalius, slayer of men, and after them Eurypylus, the glorious son of Evaemon; and Teucer came as the ninth, stretching his recurved bow, and took his stand under the shield of Ajax, son of Telamon.
§8.268ἔνθʼ Αἴας μὲν ὑπεξέφερεν σάκος· αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἥρως §8.269παπτήνας, ἐπεὶ ἄρ τινʼ ὀϊστεύσας ἐν ὁμίλῳ §8.270βεβλήκοι, ὃ μὲν αὖθι πεσὼν ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὄλεσσεν, §8.271αὐτὰρ ὃ αὖτις ἰὼν πάϊς ὣς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν §8.272εἰς Αἴανθʼ· ὃ δέ μιν σάκεϊ κρύπτασκε φαεινῷ.
There Ajax would slide his shield aside; and the hero Teucer, looking warily around, when he had shot someone in the throng and hit him, that man would fall where he stood and lose his life, while Teucer would go back again, like a child to his mother, and shelter behind Ajax; and Ajax would hide him with his shining shield.
§8.273ἔνθα τίνα πρῶτον Τρώων ἕλε Τεῦκρος ἀμύμων;
Whom then first of the Trojans did peerless Teucer slay?
§8.274Ὀρσίλοχον μὲν πρῶτα καὶ Ὄρμενον ἠδʼ Ὀφελέστην §8.275Δαίτορά τε Χρομίον τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Λυκοφόντην §8.276καὶ Πολυαιμονίδην Ἀμοπάονα καὶ Μελάνιππον, §8.277πάντας ἐπασσυτέρους πέλασε χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ.
Orsilochus first, and Ormenus, and Ophelestes, and Dator, and Chromius, and godlike Lycophontes, and Amopaon, son of Polyaemon, and Melanippus; all these, one after another, he brought down to the bounteous earth.
§8.278τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν γήθησεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων §8.279τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ Τρώων ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας· §8.280στῆ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν ἰὼν καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· §8.281Τεῦκρε φίλη κεφαλή, Τελαμώνιε κοίρανε λαῶν §8.282βάλλʼ οὕτως, αἴ κέν τι φόως Δαναοῖσι γένηαι
And Agamemnon, king of men, rejoiced as he saw him destroying the phalanxes of the Trojans with his strong bow, and he went and stood beside him, and spoke to him, saying: "Teucer, dear head, son of Telamon, lord of the people, shoot on in this way, if you may become a light of salvation to the Danaans,

Notes

  1. 8.211ἡμέας τοὺς ἄλλους — This accusative functions as the subject of the infinitive μάχεσθαι in the previous line (210). While the main clause has a first-person singular subject, this phrase expands it to "all the rest of us," hence appearing in the accusative of the accusative-and-infinitive construction.
  2. 8.213τῶν δʼ ὅσον ἐκ νηῶν ἀπὸ πύργου τάφρος ἔεργε — A structurally complex clause where ὅσον (as much space as) is the subject of the main verb πλῆθεν (was filled). τῶν is a partitive genitive referring to the Achaeans or their belongings near the ships, meaning "all the space of theirs which the trench enclosed, away from the wall."
  3. 8.217καί νύ κʼ ἐνέπρησεν πυρὶ κηλέῳ νῆας ἐΐσας, εἰ μὴ ... θῆκʼ — A classic contrary-to-fact conditional sentence in past time, using the past indicative (ἐνέπρησεν and θῆκε) with the particle κέ. It expresses an unfulfilled event in the past: "he would have burned... if Hera had not put..."
  4. 8.234στήσεσθʼ ... ἕκαστος — Although the subject ἕκαστος is singular, the verb is in the second-person plural στήσεσθε (στήσεσθʼ). This is an example of construction according to sense (synesis), where the verb agrees with the plural concept implied ("each of you").

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §8.211-8.282. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.211-8.282

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