Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §6.203-6.270

Exchange of Armor and Hector's Return to the Palace

Passage 53 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Diomedes rejoices upon learning that he and Glaucus are hereditary guest-friends, leading them to avoid combat and exchange their armor. Hector then returns to Priam's splendid palace, where he meets his mother Hecuba and asks her to pray to the gods.

§6.203Ἴσανδρον δέ οἱ υἱὸν Ἄρης ἆτος πολέμοιο §6.204μαρνάμενον Σολύμοισι κατέκτανε κυδαλίμοισι· §6.205τὴν δὲ χολωσαμένη χρυσήνιος Ἄρτεμις ἔκτα.
His son Isandrus indeed Ares, insatiable of war, slew as he was fighting with the glorious Solymi; and his daughter in her wrath golden-reined Artemis slew.
§6.206Ἱππόλοχος δέ μʼ ἔτικτε, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ φημι γενέσθαι· §6.207πέμπε δέ μʼ ἐς Τροίην, καί μοι μάλα πόλλʼ ἐπέτελλεν §6.208αἰὲν ἀριστεύειν καὶ ὑπείροχον ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, §6.209μηδὲ γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν, οἳ μέγʼ ἄριστοι §6.210ἔν τʼ Ἐφύρῃ ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐν Λυκίῃ εὐρείῃ.
But Hippolochus begot me, and from him I claim to be born; He sent me to Troy, and enjoined very many things upon me, always to be the best and to be pre-eminent above others, and not to disgrace the lineage of our fathers, who were far the best both in Ephyre and in wide Lycia.
§6.211ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι. §6.212ὣς φάτο, γήθησεν δὲ βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· §6.213ἔγχος μὲν κατέπηξεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ, §6.214αὐτὰρ ὃ μειλιχίοισι προσηύδα ποιμένα λαῶν· §6.215ἦ ῥά νύ μοι ξεῖνος πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός· §6.216Οἰνεὺς γάρ ποτε δῖος ἀμύμονα Βελλεροφόντην §6.217ξείνισʼ ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἐείκοσιν ἤματʼ ἐρύξας· §6.218οἳ δὲ καὶ ἀλλήλοισι πόρον ξεινήϊα καλά· §6.219Οἰνεὺς μὲν ζωστῆρα δίδου φοίνικι φαεινόν, §6.220Βελλεροφόντης δὲ χρύσεον δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον §6.221καί μιν ἐγὼ κατέλειπον ἰὼν ἐν δώμασʼ ἐμοῖσι.
Of this lineage and blood I claim to be.” So he spoke, and Diomedes, good at the war-cry, rejoiced; he planted his spear in the bountiful earth, and then with gentle words spoke to the shepherd of the host: “Surely then you are my guest-friend of old from our fathers' time; for noble Oeneus once entertained peerless Bellerophon in his halls, keeping him for twenty days; and they also gave beautiful gifts of friendship to one another; Oeneus gave a belt bright with purple, and Bellerophon a golden double-cup, which I left behind in my house when I set forth.
§6.222Τυδέα δʼ οὐ μέμνημαι, ἐπεί μʼ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα §6.223κάλλιφʼ, ὅτʼ ἐν Θήβῃσιν ἀπώλετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν.
But Tydeus I do not remember, since he left me while I was still a little child, when the host of the Achaeans perished at Thebes.
§6.224τὼ νῦν σοὶ μὲν ἐγὼ ξεῖνος φίλος Ἄργεϊ μέσσῳ §6.225εἰμί, σὺ δʼ ἐν Λυκίῃ ὅτε κεν τῶν δῆμον ἵκωμαι.
Therefore now I am a dear guest-friend to you in the midst of Argos, and you to me in Lycia, whenever I come to the land of their people.
§6.226ἔγχεα δʼ ἀλλήλων ἀλεώμεθα καὶ διʼ ὁμίλου· §6.227πολλοὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐμοὶ Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι §6.228κτείνειν ὅν κε θεός γε πόρῃ καὶ ποσσὶ κιχείω, §6.229πολλοὶ δʼ αὖ σοὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐναιρέμεν ὅν κε δύνηαι.
So let us avoid each other's spears even in the throng; for there are many Trojans and glorious allies for me to slay, whomever a god grants and my feet overtake, and again many Achaeans for you to slay, whomever you can.
§6.230τεύχεα δʼ ἀλλήλοις ἐπαμείψομεν, ὄφρα καὶ οἵδε §6.231γνῶσιν ὅτι ξεῖνοι πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθʼ εἶναι. §6.232ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντε καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε §6.233χεῖράς τʼ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην καὶ πιστώσαντο·
And let us exchange armor with each other, so that these too may know that we claim to be guest-friends of old.” When they had spoken thus, the two leaped down from their chariots, and took each other's hands and pledged their faith.
§6.234ἔνθʼ αὖτε Γλαύκῳ Κρονίδης φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς, §6.235ὃς πρὸς Τυδεΐδην Διομήδεα τεύχεʼ ἄμειβε §6.236χρύσεα χαλκείων, ἑκατόμβοιʼ ἐννεαβοίων.
Then indeed Zeus, son of Cronos, took away the wits of Glaucus, who exchanged armor with Diomedes, son of Tydeus, golden for bronze, the worth of a hundred oxen for nine.
§6.237Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν, §6.238ἀμφʼ ἄρα μιν Τρώων ἄλοχοι θέον ἠδὲ θύγατρες §6.239εἰρόμεναι παῖδάς τε κασιγνήτους τε ἔτας τε §6.240καὶ πόσιας· ὃ δʼ ἔπειτα θεοῖς εὔχεσθαι ἀνώγει §6.241πάσας ἑξείης· πολλῇσι δὲ κήδεʼ ἐφῆπτο.
And when Hector came to the Scaean gates and the oak tree, around him ran the wives and daughters of the Trojans, asking of their sons and brothers and kinsmen and husbands; and he then bade them pray to the gods, all of them in turn; but over many of them sorrow was hung.
§6.242ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ Πριάμοιο δόμον περικαλλέʼ ἵκανε §6.243ξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσι τετυγμένον· αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ §6.244πεντήκοντʼ ἔνεσαν θάλαμοι ξεστοῖο λίθοιο §6.245πλησίον ἀλλήλων δεδμημένοι, ἔνθα δὲ παῖδες §6.246κοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρὰ μνηστῇς ἀλόχοισι, §6.247κουράων δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐναντίοι ἔνδοθεν αὐλῆς §6.248δώδεκʼ ἔσαν τέγεοι θάλαμοι ξεστοῖο λίθοιο §6.249πλησίον ἀλλήλων δεδμημένοι, ἔνθα δὲ γαμβροὶ §6.250κοιμῶντο Πριάμοιο παρʼ αἰδοίῃς ἀλόχοισιν· §6.251ἔνθά οἱ ἠπιόδωρος ἐναντίη ἤλυθε μήτηρ §6.252Λαοδίκην ἐσάγουσα θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην· §6.253ἔν τʼ ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρὶ ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζε· §6.254τέκνον τίπτε λιπὼν πόλεμον θρασὺν εἰλήλουθας;
But when he came to the beautiful palace of Priam, built with polished porticoes—and in it there were fifty chambers of polished stone, built close to one another; there the sons of Priam slept beside their wedded wives; and for his daughters on the other side, opposite, inside the court, were twelve roofed chambers of polished stone, built close to one another; there the sons-in-law of Priam slept beside their chaste wives; There his gentle mother came to meet him, bringing with her Laodice, the fairest of her daughters; and she clung to his hand and spoke, and addressed him: “My child, why have you come here, leaving the bold battle?
§6.255ἦ μάλα δὴ τείρουσι δυσώνυμοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν §6.256μαρνάμενοι περὶ ἄστυ· σὲ δʼ ἐνθάδε θυμὸς ἀνῆκεν §6.257ἐλθόντʼ ἐξ ἄκρης πόλιος Διὶ χεῖρας ἀνασχεῖν.
Surely the sons of the Achaeans, of evil name, wear you out sore, fighting around the city; and your heart has prompted you to come here from the citadel to lift up your hands to Zeus.
§6.258ἀλλὰ μένʼ ὄφρά κέ τοι μελιηδέα οἶνον ἐνείκω, §6.259ὡς σπείσῃς Διὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοις ἀθανάτοισι §6.260πρῶτον, ἔπειτα δὲ καὐτὸς ὀνήσεαι αἴ κε πίῃσθα.
But wait, that I may bring you honey-sweet wine, so that you may pour libations to father Zeus and the other immortals first, and then you yourself may have benefit if you drink.
§6.261ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος μέγα οἶνος ἀέξει, §6.262ὡς τύνη κέκμηκας ἀμύνων σοῖσιν ἔτῃσι. §6.263τὴν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· §6.264μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε μελίφρονα πότνια μῆτερ, §6.265μή μʼ ἀπογυιώσῃς μένεος, ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι· §6.266χερσὶ δʼ ἀνίπτοισιν Διὶ λείβειν αἴθοπα οἶνον §6.267ἅζομαι· οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι §6.268αἵματι καὶ λύθρῳ πεπαλαγμένον εὐχετάασθαι.
For to a weary man wine greatly increases strength, even as you are weary with defending your comrades.” And to her then great Hector of the flashing helm answered: “Bring me no honey-hearted wine, honored mother, lest you cripple me of my strength, and I forget my valor; and with unwashed hands to pour sparkling wine to Zeus I shrink from; nor is it in any way possible for one to pray to the son of Cronos, lord of the dark clouds, defiled with blood and filth.
§6.269ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν πρὸς νηὸν Ἀθηναίης ἀγελείης §6.270ἔρχεο σὺν θυέεσσιν ἀολλίσσασα γεραιάς·
But go you to the temple of Athena, driver of the spoil, with burnt offerings, having gathered the elder women;

Notes

  1. 6.211εὔχομαι — The verb `εὔχομαι` (originally "to speak aloud, declare") is frequently used in Homer with the sense of "to claim with pride, declare oneself to be". Here it conveys Glaucus's proud declaration of his noble lineage rather than a mere factual statement.
  2. 6.234Γλαύκῳ — The dative `Γλαύκῳ` is used with the verb `ἐξέλετο` ("took away") to express separation (or dative of interest), meaning "took away the wits from Glaucus."
  3. 6.252ἐσάγουσα — The present participle `ἐσάγουσα` (leading in) here means "bringing along" or "leading with her" (with Laodice as the object). Although some interpret it as "entering into the chamber of Laodice," the context of Hecuba coming out to meet Hector makes the interpretation of her leading her daughter with her the standard one.
  4. 6.257ἐλθόντʼ — The accusative participle `ἐλθόντʼ` (ἐλθόντα) agrees in gender, number, and case with the accusative pronoun `σὲ` ("you", line 256) and functions as the semantic subject of the infinitive `ἀνασχεῖν` ("to lift up").
  5. 6.268πεπαλαγμένον — The accusative perfect passive participle `πεπαλαγμένον` is in the accusative because it modifies the implied subject (Hector himself) of the infinitive `εὐχετάασθαι` ("to pray") in the impersonal construction `οὐδέ πῃ ἔστι` ("nor is it in any way possible").

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §6.203-6.270. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.203-6.270

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