Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §4.410-4.477

Clash of the Armies and the First Casualties

Passage 35 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Diomedes accepts Agamemnon's rebuke and silences the protesting Sthenelus as they prepare for battle. The Achaean and Trojan armies clash, initiating fierce hand-to-hand combat where heroes like Antilochus and Ajax slay their foes.

§4.410τὼ μή μοι πατέρας ποθʼ ὁμοίῃ ἔνθεο τιμῇ.
Therefore, do not ever place our fathers in the same honor as us.
§4.411τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσέφη κρατερὸς Διομήδης· §4.412τέττα, σιωπῇ ἧσο, ἐμῷ δʼ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ· §4.413οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ νεμεσῶ Ἀγαμέμνονι ποιμένι λαῶν
Then strong Diomedes looked at him fiercely and addressed him: "Friend, sit in silence, and obey my word; for I do not upbraid Agamemnon, shepherd of the host, as he rouses the well-greaved Achaeans to fight.
§4.414ὀτρύνοντι μάχεσθαι ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς· §4.415τούτῳ μὲν γὰρ κῦδος ἅμʼ ἕψεται εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ §4.416Τρῶας δῃώσωσιν ἕλωσί τε Ἴλιον ἱρήν, §4.417τούτῳ δʼ αὖ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιῶν δῃωθέντων.
For glory will attend him if the Achaeans destroy the Trojans and take sacred Ilios, but to him on the other hand will come great sorrow if the Achaeans are destroyed.
§4.418ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ καὶ νῶϊ μεδώμεθα θούριδος ἀλκῆς. §4.419ἦ ῥα καὶ ἐξ ὀχέων σὺν τεύχεσιν ἆλτο χαμᾶζε· §4.420δεινὸν δʼ ἔβραχε χαλκὸς ἐπὶ στήθεσσιν ἄνακτος §4.421ὀρνυμένου· ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν.
But come, let us two also take thought of furious valor." He spoke, and leaped in his armor from his chariot to the ground; and terribly rang the bronze upon the breast of the prince as he moved; fear would have seized even one of stout heart.
§4.422ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἐν αἰγιαλῷ πολυηχέϊ κῦμα θαλάσσης §4.423ὄρνυτʼ ἐπασσύτερον Ζεφύρου ὕπο κινήσαντος· §4.424πόντῳ μέν τε πρῶτα κορύσσεται, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα §4.425χέρσῳ ῥηγνύμενον μεγάλα βρέμει, ἀμφὶ δέ τʼ ἄκρας §4.426κυρτὸν ἐὸν κορυφοῦται, ἀποπτύει δʼ ἁλὸς ἄχνην· §4.427ὣς τότʼ ἐπασσύτεραι Δαναῶν κίνυντο φάλαγγες §4.428νωλεμέως πόλεμον δέ· κέλευε δὲ οἷσιν ἕκαστος §4.429ἡγεμόνων· οἳ δʼ ἄλλοι ἀκὴν ἴσαν, οὐδέ κε φαίης §4.430τόσσον λαὸν ἕπεσθαι ἔχοντʼ ἐν στήθεσιν αὐδήν, §4.431σιγῇ δειδιότες σημάντορας· ἀμφὶ δὲ πᾶσι §4.432τεύχεα ποικίλʼ ἔλαμπε, τὰ εἱμένοι ἐστιχόωντο.
As when on an echoing shore the wave of the sea rises line after line beneath the driving of the West Wind; at first on the deep it crests, but then breaking on the land it roars aloud, and arching about the headlands it rises high and crests, and spits forth the foam of the sea; so then did the ranks of the Danaans move, line after line, ceaselessly to war; and each of the leaders commanded his own men; but the rest went in silence, nor would you have said that so great a host followed with any voice in their breasts, fearing their leaders in silence; and about them all shone their patterned armor, clad in which they marched in ranks.
§4.433Τρῶες δʼ, ὥς τʼ ὄϊες πολυπάμονος ἀνδρὸς ἐν αὐλῇ §4.434μυρίαι ἑστήκασιν ἀμελγόμεναι γάλα λευκὸν §4.435ἀζηχὲς μεμακυῖαι ἀκούουσαι ὄπα ἀρνῶν, §4.436ὣς Τρώων ἀλαλητὸς ἀνὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν ὀρώρει· §4.437οὐ γὰρ πάντων ἦεν ὁμὸς θρόος οὐδʼ ἴα γῆρυς, §4.438ἀλλὰ γλῶσσα μέμικτο, πολύκλητοι δʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες.
But the Trojans, as sheep in the fold of a rich man stand in countless numbers to be milked of their white milk, bleating incessantly as they hear the voice of their lambs, even so arose the clamor of the Trojans throughout their wide host; for they had not all the same speech nor one voice, but their language was mixed, and they were men called from many lands.
§4.439ὄρσε δὲ τοὺς μὲν Ἄρης, τοὺς δὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη §4.440Δεῖμός τʼ ἠδὲ Φόβος καὶ Ἔρις ἄμοτον μεμαυῖα, §4.441Ἄρεος ἀνδροφόνοιο κασιγνήτη ἑτάρη τε, §4.442ἥ τʼ ὀλίγη μὲν πρῶτα κορύσσεται, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα §4.443οὐρανῷ ἐστήριξε κάρη καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ βαίνει· §4.444ἥ σφιν καὶ τότε νεῖκος ὁμοίϊον ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ §4.445ἐρχομένη καθʼ ὅμιλον ὀφέλλουσα στόνον ἀνδρῶν.
And Ares aroused these, and grey-eyed Athena those, and Deimos, and Phobos, and Eris who rages incessantly, the sister and companion of man-slaying Ares, who at the first rears her crest but small, but then plants her head in heaven and walks upon the earth; she it was who then cast common strife into their midst, as she went through the throng, multiplying the groaning of men.
§4.446οἳ δʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἐς χῶρον ἕνα ξυνιόντες ἵκοντο, §4.447σύν ῥʼ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, σὺν δʼ ἔγχεα καὶ μένεʼ ἀνδρῶν §4.448χαλκεοθωρήκων· ἀτὰρ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι §4.449ἔπληντʼ ἀλλήλῃσι, πολὺς δʼ ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει.
Now when they had come together and reached one place, they clashed their shields of bull's hide, and their spears, and the might of men clad in bronze armor; and the bossed shields pressed one upon another, and a great din arose.
§4.450ἔνθα δʼ ἅμʼ οἰμωγή τε καὶ εὐχωλὴ πέλεν ἀνδρῶν §4.451ὀλλύντων τε καὶ ὀλλυμένων, ῥέε δʼ αἵματι γαῖα.
There arose at the same time the groaning and the triumphing of men as they slew and were slain, and the earth flowed with blood.
§4.452ὡς δʼ ὅτε χείμαρροι ποταμοὶ κατʼ ὄρεσφι ῥέοντες §4.453ἐς μισγάγκειαν συμβάλλετον ὄβριμον ὕδωρ §4.454κρουνῶν ἐκ μεγάλων κοίλης ἔντοσθε χαράδρης, §4.455τῶν δέ τε τηλόσε δοῦπον ἐν οὔρεσιν ἔκλυε ποιμήν· §4.456ὣς τῶν μισγομένων γένετο ἰαχή τε πόνος τε.
As when winter torrents flowing down the mountains join their mighty waters in a valley's cleft, from their great springs within a deep ravine, and far off in the mountains the shepherd hears the roar; even so from the joining of these arose clamor and toil.
§4.457πρῶτος δʼ Ἀντίλοχος Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν §4.458ἐσθλὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι Θαλυσιάδην Ἐχέπωλον·
Antilochus was the first to slay a crested warrior of the Trojans, a brave man among the foremost fighters, Echepolus, son of Thalysias.
§4.459τόν ῥʼ ἔβαλε πρῶτος κόρυθος φάλον ἱπποδασείης, §4.460ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε, πέρησε δʼ ἄρʼ ὀστέον εἴσω §4.461αἰχμὴ χαλκείη· τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν, §4.462ἤριπε δʼ ὡς ὅτε πύργος ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ.
Him he was the first to strike upon the horn of his horse-hair helmet, and the bronze point fixed in his forehead and passed within the bone; and darkness covered his eyes, and he fell like a tower in the mighty conflict.
§4.463τὸν δὲ πεσόντα ποδῶν ἔλαβε κρείων Ἐλεφήνωρ §4.464Χαλκωδοντιάδης μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων, §4.465ἕλκε δʼ ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων, λελιημένος ὄφρα τάχιστα §4.466τεύχεα συλήσειε· μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθʼ ὁρμή.
As he fell, Lord Elephenor seized him by the feet, the son of Chalcodon, leader of the great-hearted Abantes, and dragged him out from under the missiles, eager with all speed to strip him of his armor; but his effort was short-lived.
§4.467νεκρὸν γὰρ ἐρύοντα ἰδὼν μεγάθυμος Ἀγήνωρ §4.468πλευρά, τά οἱ κύψαντι παρʼ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη, §4.469οὔτησε ξυστῷ χαλκήρεϊ, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα.
For as he was dragging the corpse, great-hearted Agenor saw him, and where his ribs, as he stooped, were left uncovered by his shield, he wounded him with a bronze-shod spear, and loosed his limbs.
§4.470ὣς τὸν μὲν λίπε θυμός, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δʼ ἔργον ἐτύχθη §4.471ἀργαλέον Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν· οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς §4.472ἀλλήλοις ἐπόρουσαν, ἀνὴρ δʼ ἄνδρʼ ἐδνοπάλιζεν.
So his spirit left him, and over him arose a grim conflict of Trojans and Achaeans; and they leaped upon one another like wolves, and man grappled with man.
§4.473ἔνθʼ ἔβαλʼ Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱὸν Τελαμώνιος Αἴας §4.474ἠΐθεον θαλερὸν Σιμοείσιον, ὅν ποτε μήτηρ §4.475Ἴδηθεν κατιοῦσα παρʼ ὄχθῃσιν Σιμόεντος §4.476γείνατʼ, ἐπεί ῥα τοκεῦσιν ἅμʼ ἕσπετο μῆλα ἰδέσθαι· §4.477τοὔνεκά μιν κάλεον Σιμοείσιον· οὐδὲ τοκεῦσι
There Telamonian Ajax struck the son of Anthemion, the lusty youth Simoeisius, whom once his mother as she came down from Ida had borne by the banks of Simois, when she followed her parents to see the sheep; therefore they called him Simoeisius; yet to his parents

Notes

  1. 4.410ὁμοίῃ ... τιμῇ — Governed by the prohibitive imperative `ἔνθεο` (aorist middle imperative) with the negative particle `μή`. Literally "never place our fathers in the same honor with respect to me," meaning "do not class our fathers in the same rank as us."
  2. 4.412τέττα — A colloquial form of address used among companions, sometimes denoting respect or familiar warning. Here, Diomedes addresses his comrade Sthenelus to silence his complaints.
  3. 4.421ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν — Features tmesis with the preposition `ὑπό` separated from the verb `εἷλεν` (representing `ὑφεῖλεν`). The particle `κεν` with the indicative past tense `εἷλεν` expresses a past potential or counterfactual statement: "fear would have seized even a stout-hearted man."
  4. 4.453συμβάλλετον — A third-person dual present indicative verb, reflecting the two subject torrents that flow down from the mountains. This dual form vividly pairs the two rushing rivers whose clashing waters the shepherd hears.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §4.410-4.477. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.410-4.477

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