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Homer · Iliad §20.365-20.435

Achilles' Rampage, Death of Polydorus, and Hector's Advance

Passage 183 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Hector encourages the Trojans to face Achilles but temporarily retreats following Apollo's warning. Achilles ruthlessly slaughters several Trojans, including Priam's youngest son Polydorus, prompting an enraged Hector to confront Achilles.

§20.365κέκλεθʼ ὁμοκλήσας, φάτο δʼ ἴμεναι ἄντʼ Ἀχιλῆος· §20.366Τρῶες ὑπέρθυμοι μὴ δείδιτε Πηλεΐωνα.
called out with a shout, and bade them go against Achilles: "High-spirited Trojans, do not fear the son of Peleus.
§20.367καί κεν ἐγὼ ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μαχοίμην, §20.368ἔγχεϊ δʼ ἀργαλέον, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτεροί εἰσιν.
Even with the immortal gods would I fight with words, but with the spear it is hard, since they are far stronger.
§20.369οὐδʼ Ἀχιλεὺς πάντεσσι τέλος μύθοις ἐπιθήσει, §20.370ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν τελέει, τὸ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ κολούει.
Not even Achilles will bring all his words to fulfillment, but one part he will fulfill, and the other he will cut short in the midst.
§20.371τοῦ δʼ ἐγὼ ἀντίος εἶμι καὶ εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικεν, §20.372εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικε, μένος δʼ αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ. §20.373ὣς φάτʼ ἐποτρύνων, οἳ δʼ ἀντίοι ἔγχεʼ ἄειραν §20.374Τρῶες· τῶν δʼ ἄμυδις μίχθη μένος, ὦρτο δʼ ἀϋτή.
Against him will I go, even if his hands are like fire, even if his hands are like fire, and his fury like glowing iron." So he spoke to urge them on, and the Trojans raised their spears face to face; and their fury was joined together, and a great battle-cry arose.
§20.375καὶ τότʼ ἄρʼ Ἕκτορα εἶπε παραστὰς Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων· §20.376Ἕκτορ μηκέτι πάμπαν Ἀχιλλῆϊ προμάχιζε, §20.377ἀλλὰ κατὰ πληθύν τε καὶ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο δέδεξο, §20.378μή πώς σʼ ἠὲ βάλῃ ἠὲ σχεδὸν ἄορι τύψῃ. §20.379ὣς ἔφαθʼ, Ἕκτωρ δʼ αὖτις ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν §20.380ταρβήσας, ὅτʼ ἄκουσε θεοῦ ὄπα φωνήσαντος.
And then Phobus Apollo stood by Hector and spoke to him: "Hector, no longer fight at all in the forefront with Achilles, but await him in the throng and out of the din, lest he strike you with a cast or hit you with the sword in close fight." So he spoke, and Hector shrank back into the throng of men, seized with fear when he heard the voice of the god speaking.
§20.381ἐν δʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Τρώεσσι θόρε φρεσὶν εἱμένος ἀλκὴν §20.382σμερδαλέα ἰάχων, πρῶτον δʼ ἕλεν Ἰφιτίωνα §20.383ἐσθλὸν Ὀτρυντεΐδην πολέων ἡγήτορα λαῶν, §20.384ὃν νύμφη τέκε νηῒς Ὀτρυντῆϊ πτολιπόρθῳ §20.385Τμώλῳ ὕπο νιφόεντι Ὕδης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ·
But Achilles leaped among the Trojans, clad in his mind with valor, crying a terrible cry, and first he slew Iphition, the noble son of Otrynteus, a leader of many hosts, whom a Naiad nymph bore to Otrynteus, sacker of cities, under snowy Tmolus in the rich land of Hyde.
§20.386τὸν δʼ ἰθὺς μεμαῶτα βάλʼ ἔγχεϊ δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς §20.387μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν· ἣ δʼ ἄνδιχα πᾶσα κεάσθη,
As he rushed straight at him, noble Achilles struck him with his spear full upon the head, and it was split utterly asunder.
§20.388δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, ὃ δʼ ἐπεύξατο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς· §20.389κεῖσαι Ὀτρυντεΐδη πάντων ἐκπαγλότατʼ ἀνδρῶν·
He fell with a thud, and noble Achilles exulted over him: "There you lie, son of Otrynteus, most dreaded of all men!
§20.390ἐνθάδε τοι θάνατος, γενεὴ δέ τοί ἐστʼ ἐπὶ λίμνῃ §20.391Γυγαίῃ, ὅθι τοι τέμενος πατρώϊόν ἐστιν §20.392Ὕλλῳ ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντι καὶ Ἕρμῳ δινήεντι. §20.393ὣς ἔφατʼ εὐχόμενος, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.
Here is your death, but your birth was by the Gygaean lake, where is your father's estate, by fish-fleshed Hyllus and eddying Hermus." So he spoke exulting, and darkness covered Iphition's eyes.
§20.394τὸν μὲν Ἀχαιῶν ἵπποι ἐπισσώτροις δατέοντο §20.395πρώτῃ ἐν ὑσμίνῃ· ὃ δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Δημολέοντα §20.396ἐσθλὸν ἀλεξητῆρα μάχης Ἀντήνορος υἱὸν §20.397νύξε κατὰ κρόταφον, κυνέης διὰ χαλκοπαρῄου.
Him the horses of the Achaeans tore with their wheel-rims in the forefront of the fight; and over him Achilles stabbed Demoleon, a brave warder-off of battle, Antenor's son, in the temple through the bronze-cheeked helmet.
§20.398οὐδʼ ἄρα χαλκείη κόρυς ἔσχεθεν, ἀλλὰ διʼ αὐτῆς §20.399αἰχμὴ ἱεμένη ῥῆξʼ ὀστέον, ἐγκέφαλος δὲ §20.400ἔνδον ἅπας πεπάλακτο· δάμασσε δέ μιν μεμαῶτα.
Nor did the bronze helmet hold, but through it the eager spearpoint broke the bone, and all the brain within was spattered; so he vanquished him in his fury.
§20.401Ἱπποδάμαντα δʼ ἔπειτα καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντα §20.402πρόσθεν ἕθεν φεύγοντα μετάφρενον οὔτασε δουρί.
Then Hippodamas, as he leaped down from his chariot and fled before him, he wounded in the back with his spear.
§20.403αὐτὰρ ὃ θυμὸν ἄϊσθε καὶ ἤρυγεν, ὡς ὅτε ταῦρος §20.404ἤρυγεν ἑλκόμενος Ἑλικώνιον ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα §20.405κούρων ἑλκόντων· γάνυται δέ τε τοῖς ἐνοσίχθων· §20.406ὣς ἄρα τόν γʼ ἐρυγόντα λίπʼ ὀστέα θυμὸς ἀγήνωρ·
And he gasped out his life and bellowed, even as a bull bellows when he is dragged around the lord of Helice, as the young men drag him; and the Earth-shaker delights in them; even so did his proud spirit leave his bones as he bellowed.
§20.407αὐτὰρ ὃ βῆ σὺν δουρὶ μετʼ ἀντίθεον Πολύδωρον §20.408Πριαμίδην. τὸν δʼ οὔ τι πατὴρ εἴασκε μάχεσθαι, §20.409οὕνεκά οἱ μετὰ παισὶ νεώτατος ἔσκε γόνοιο, §20.410καί οἱ φίλτατος ἔσκε, πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα
But he went with his spear after godlike Polydorus, son of Priam; whom his father would not allow to fight, because he was the youngest among his children, and was best loved by him, and in fleetness of foot surpassed all.
§20.411δὴ τότε νηπιέῃσι ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων §20.412θῦνε διὰ προμάχων, εἷος φίλον ὤλεσε θυμόν.
And then indeed, in his folly, displaying the fleetness of his feet, he was rushing through the foremost fighters, until he lost his dear life.
§20.413τὸν βάλε μέσσον ἄκοντι ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς §20.414νῶτα παραΐσσοντος, ὅθι ζωστῆρος ὀχῆες §20.415χρύσειοι σύνεχον καὶ διπλόος ἤντετο θώρηξ·
Him swift-footed noble Achilles struck with a javelin full in the back as he darted past, where the golden clasps of the belt were fastened, and the double breastplate met.
§20.416ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε παρʼ ὀμφαλὸν ἔγχεος αἰχμή, §20.417γνὺξ δʼ ἔριπʼ οἰμώξας, νεφέλη δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψε §20.418κυανέη, προτὶ οἷ δʼ ἔλαβʼ ἔντερα χερσὶ λιασθείς.
Straight through beside the navel passed the spearpoint, and he fell upon his knees with a groan, and a black cloud enfolded him; and as he sank he gathered his entrails to him with his hands.
§20.419Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς ἐνόησε κασίγνητον Πολύδωρον §20.420ἔντερα χερσὶν ἔχοντα λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίη §20.421κάρ ῥά οἱ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ ἔτʼ ἔτλη §20.422δηρὸν ἑκὰς στρωφᾶσθʼ, ἀλλʼ ἀντίος ἦλθʼ Ἀχιλῆϊ §20.423ὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων φλογὶ εἴκελος·
But when Hector saw his brother Polydorus holding his entrails in his hands, sinking to the earth, a mist was poured over his eyes, nor did he still endure to range far off, but came against Achilles, brandishing his sharp spear like a flame.
αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς §20.424ὡς εἶδʼ, ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτο, καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηὔδα· §20.425ἐγγὺς ἀνὴρ ὃς ἐμόν γε μάλιστʼ ἐσεμάσσατο θυμόν, §20.426ὅς μοι ἑταῖρον ἔπεφνε τετιμένον·
But Achilles, when he saw him, leaped up, and spoke an exulting word: "Near is the man who has most of all stung my heart, who slew my honored comrade.
οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι δὴν §20.427ἀλλήλους πτώσσοιμεν ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας. §20.428ἦ, καὶ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προσεφώνεεν Ἕκτορα δῖον· §20.429ἆσσον ἴθʼ ὥς κεν θᾶσσον ὀλέθρου πείραθʼ ἵκηαι. §20.430τὸν δʼ οὐ ταρβήσας προσέφη κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ· §20.431Πηλεΐδη μὴ δὴ ἐπέεσσί με νηπύτιον ὣς §20.432ἔλπεο δειδίξεσθαι, ἐπεὶ σάφα οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς §20.433ἠμὲν κερτομίας ἠδʼ αἴσυλα μυθήσασθαι.
No longer, indeed, shall we cower from each other along the dykes of battle." He spoke, and with a grim look addressed noble Hector: "Come nearer, so that you may the sooner reach the end of destruction." Then, with no fear, spoke to him Hector of the flashing helm: "Son of Peleus, do not expect with words to frighten me like a babe, since I myself know well how to speak both taunts and unseemly words.
§20.434οἶδα δʼ ὅτι σὺ μὲν ἐσθλός, ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων.
I know that you are brave, and I am far weaker than you.
§20.435ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται,
Yet indeed these things lie on the knees of the gods."

Notes

  1. 20.367ἐπέεσσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι μαχοίμην — The dative ἐπέεσσι ('with words') modifies μαχοίμην ('I would fight'), while ἀθανάτοισι ('with the immortals') is the dative object governed by the verb. This contrasts with the subsequent phrase ἔγχεϊ δʼ ἀργαλέον ('but with the spear it is hard'), emphasizing the distinction between verbal arguments and actual physical combat.
  2. 20.370τὸ μὲν τελέει, τὸ δὲ καὶ μεσσηγὺ κολούει — A contrastive construction using demonstrative pronouns as relatives (tò men... tò de...). Achilles is the implied subject: 'one thing (of his words or plans) he will fulfill, but another he will cut short in the midst.'
  3. 20.404Ἑλικώνιον ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα — 'Around the lord of Helicon (or Helice),' referring to Poseidon. The word ἄναξ ('lord') here designates Poseidon as the protector of Helice, a major center of his worship. The simile draws on the ancient ritual belief that the bellowing of a sacrificed bull pleases the deity.
  4. 20.427ἀνὰ πτολέμοιο γεφύρας — 'Along the dykes (or bridges) of battle.' A poetic formula referring to the open paths or spaces left between opposing lines of soldiers during combat. Here it functions to mean 'in the very thick of the battle-lines.'

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §20.365-20.435. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:20.365-20.435

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