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Homer · Iliad §19.70-19.139

Agamemnon's Apology and the Myth of Ate

Passage 173 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles urges an immediate return to battle, while Agamemnon, remaining seated due to his wound, attributes his past error to Ate (Folly), reciting the myth of Zeus and the birth of Heracles, and offers compensation.

§19.70ὄφρʼ ἔτι καὶ Τρώων πειρήσομαι ἀντίον ἐλθὼν §19.71αἴ κʼ ἐθέλωσʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύειν· ἀλλά τινʼ οἴω §19.72ἀσπασίως αὐτῶν γόνυ κάμψειν, ὅς κε φύγῃσι §19.73δηΐου ἐκ πολέμοιο ὑπʼ ἔγχεος ἡμετέροιο. §19.74ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐχάρησαν ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ
"so that I may still go against the Trojans and make trial of them, to see if they wish to camp by the ships; but I think that many a one of them will gladly bend his knee in rest, whoever escapes from the hostile war beneath our spear." So he spoke, and the well-greaved Achaeans rejoiced that the great-hearted son of Peleus had renounced his wrath.
§19.75μῆνιν ἀπειπόντος μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος. §19.76τοῖσι δὲ καὶ μετέειπεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων §19.77αὐτόθεν ἐξ ἕδρης, οὐδʼ ἐν μέσσοισιν ἀναστάς· §19.78ὦ φίλοι ἥρωες Δαναοὶ θεράποντες Ἄρηος §19.79ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν §19.80ὑββάλλειν· χαλεπὸν γὰρ ἐπισταμένῳ περ ἐόντι.
And among them also spoke Agamemnon, lord of men, from the very place where he sat, not rising to stand in the midst: "O friends, Danai heroes, squires of Ares, it is good to listen to one who stands, nor is it fitting to interrupt; for that is hard even for one well-skilled.
§19.81ἀνδρῶν δʼ ἐν πολλῷ ὁμάδῳ πῶς κέν τις ἀκούσαι §19.82ἢ εἴποι;
And in a great uproar of men, how could anyone hear or speak?
βλάβεται δὲ λιγύς περ ἐὼν ἀγορητής.
Even a clear-voiced speaker is hindered.
§19.83Πηλεΐδῃ μὲν ἐγὼν ἐνδείξομαι· αὐτὰρ οἱ ἄλλοι §19.84σύνθεσθʼ Ἀργεῖοι, μῦθόν τʼ εὖ γνῶτε ἕκαστος.
To the son of Peleus I will declare myself; but do you other Argives pay heed, and let each one mark well my word.
§19.85πολλάκι δή μοι τοῦτον Ἀχαιοὶ μῦθον ἔειπον §19.86καί τέ με νεικείεσκον· ἐγὼ δʼ οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι, §19.87ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς, §19.88οἵ τέ μοι εἰν ἀγορῇ φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην, §19.89ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπηύρων.
Often indeed have the Achaeans spoken this word to me and upbraided me; yet I am not the cause, but Zeus and Fate and the Erinys that walks in darkness, who in the assembly cast wild blindness upon my mind on that day when I myself took away Achilles' prize.
§19.90ἀλλὰ τί κεν ῥέξαιμι;
But what could I do?
θεὸς διὰ πάντα τελευτᾷ.
A god brings all things to their end.
§19.91πρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται, §19.92οὐλομένη· τῇ μέν θʼ ἁπαλοὶ πόδες· οὐ γὰρ ἐπʼ οὔδει §19.93πίλναται, ἀλλʼ ἄρα ἥ γε κατʼ ἀνδρῶν κράατα βαίνει §19.94βλάπτουσʼ ἀνθρώπους· κατὰ δʼ οὖν ἕτερόν γε πέδησε.
Eldest daughter of Zeus is Ate, who blinds all, baneful; her feet are tender, for not upon the ground does she draw near, but she walks over the heads of men, harming mankind; and one or another she ensnares.
§19.95καὶ γὰρ δή νύ ποτε Ζεὺς ἄσατο, τόν περ ἄριστον §19.96ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ θεῶν φασʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλʼ ἄρα καὶ τὸν §19.97Ἥρη θῆλυς ἐοῦσα δολοφροσύνῃς ἀπάτησεν, §19.98ἤματι τῷ ὅτʼ ἔμελλε βίην Ἡρακληείην §19.99Ἀλκμήνη τέξεσθαι ἐϋστεφάνῳ ἐνὶ Θήβῃ.
For once even Zeus was blinded, whom they say is the best of men and of gods; yet even him Hera, though but a female, deceived by her craft, on the day when Alcmene was about to bring forth the mighty Heracles in well-crowned Thebes.
§19.100ἤτοι ὅ γʼ εὐχόμενος μετέφη πάντεσσι θεοῖσι· §19.101κέκλυτέ μευ πάντές τε θεοὶ πᾶσαί τε θέαιναι, §19.102ὄφρʼ εἴπω τά με θυμὸς ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀνώγει.
Then he, boasting, spoke among all the gods: 'Hear me, all gods and all goddesses, so that I may speak what the heart in my breast bids me.
§19.103σήμερον ἄνδρα φόως δὲ μογοστόκος Εἰλείθυια §19.104ἐκφανεῖ, ὃς πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξει, §19.105τῶν ἀνδρῶν γενεῆς οἵ θʼ αἵματος ἐξ ἐμεῦ εἰσί. §19.106τὸν δὲ δολοφρονέουσα προσηύδα πότνια Ἥρη· §19.107ψευστήσεις, οὐδʼ αὖτε τέλος μύθῳ ἐπιθήσεις.
Today Eileithyia, helper in childbirth, shall bring to light a man who shall rule over all those dwelling around him, of the race of those men who are of my blood.' But with crafty mind queenly Hera spoke to him: 'You will play the cheat, nor will you bring fulfillment to your word.
§19.108εἰ δʼ ἄγε νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον Ὀλύμπιε καρτερὸν ὅρκον, §19.109ἦ μὲν τὸν πάντεσσι περικτιόνεσσιν ἀνάξειν §19.110ὅς κεν ἐπʼ ἤματι τῷδε πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικὸς §19.111τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης. §19.112ὣς ἔφατο· Ζεὺς δʼ οὔ τι δολοφροσύνην ἐνόησεν, §19.113ἀλλʼ ὄμοσεν μέγαν ὅρκον, ἔπειτα δὲ πολλὸν ἀάσθη.
But come now, swear me a mighty oath, Olympian, that he shall indeed rule over all those dwelling around him whoever on this day shall fall between a woman's feet, of those men who are of the lineage of your blood.' So she spoke; and Zeus did not at all perceive her craft, but swore a mighty oath, and thereafter was greatly blinded.
§19.114Ἥρη δʼ ἀΐξασα λίπεν ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο, §19.115καρπαλίμως δʼ ἵκετʼ Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, ἔνθʼ ἄρα ᾔδη §19.116ἰφθίμην ἄλοχον Σθενέλου Περσηϊάδαο.
And Hera darted down and left the peak of Olympus, and swiftly came to Achaean Argos, where she knew was the noble wife of Sthenelus, son of Perseus.
§19.117ἣ δʼ ἐκύει φίλον υἱόν, ὃ δʼ ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς· §19.118ἐκ δʼ ἄγαγε πρὸ φόως δὲ καὶ ἠλιτόμηνον ἐόντα, §19.119Ἀλκμήνης δʼ ἀπέπαυσε τόκον, σχέθε δʼ Εἰλειθυίας.
And she was pregnant with a dear son, and it was her seventh month; and Hera brought him forth to the light even before his time, but stayed Alcmene's childbirth, and held back the Eileithyiai.
§19.120αὐτὴ δʼ ἀγγελέουσα Δία Κρονίωνα προσηύδα· §19.121Ζεῦ πάτερ ἀργικέραυνε ἔπος τί τοι ἐν φρεσὶ θήσω· §19.122ἤδη ἀνὴρ γέγονʼ ἐσθλὸς ὃς Ἀργείοισιν ἀνάξει §19.123Εὐρυσθεὺς Σθενέλοιο πάϊς Περσηϊάδαο §19.124σὸν γένος· οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀνασσέμεν Ἀργείοισιν. §19.125ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἄχος ὀξὺ κατὰ φρένα τύψε βαθεῖαν· §19.126αὐτίκα δʼ εἷλʼ Ἄτην κεφαλῆς λιπαροπλοκάμοιο §19.127χωόμενος φρεσὶν ᾗσι, καὶ ὤμοσε καρτερὸν ὅρκον §19.128μή ποτʼ ἐς Οὔλυμπόν τε καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀστερόεντα §19.129αὖτις ἐλεύσεσθαι Ἄτην, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται.
And herself as messenger she spoke to Zeus, son of Cronos: 'Father Zeus, lord of the bright lightning, I will put a word in your mind: already a noble man is born who shall rule over the Argives, Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, the son of Perseus, your offspring; it is not unbefitting for him to rule the Argives.' So she spoke, and sharp grief struck him deep in his mind; and straightway he seized Ate by her bright-tressed head, angry in his heart, and swore a mighty oath that never again to Olympus and the starry heaven should Ate return, she who blinds all.
§19.130ὣς εἰπὼν ἔρριψεν ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἀστερόεντος §19.131χειρὶ περιστρέψας· τάχα δʼ ἵκετο ἔργʼ ἀνθρώπων.
So saying he swung her round and flung her from the starry heaven, whirling her in his hand; and quickly she came to the tillage of men.
§19.132τὴν αἰεὶ στενάχεσχʼ ὅθʼ ἑὸν φίλον υἱὸν ὁρῷτο §19.133ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἔχοντα ὑπʼ Εὐρυσθῆος ἀέθλων.
For her he would ever groan whenever he saw his dear son performing unseemly tasks under the labors of Eurystheus.
§19.134ὣς καὶ ἐγών, ὅτε δʼ αὖτε μέγας κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ §19.135Ἀργείους ὀλέκεσκεν ἐπὶ πρυμνῇσι νέεσσιν, §19.136οὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθʼ Ἄτης ᾗ πρῶτον ἀάσθην.
So also I, when again great Hector of the flashing helm was destroying the Argives at the sterns of the ships, could not forget Ate, by whom I was first blinded.
§19.137ἀλλʼ ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς, §19.138ἂψ ἐθέλω ἀρέσαι, δόμεναί τʼ ἀπερείσιʼ ἄποινα· §19.139ἀλλʼ ὄρσευ πόλεμον δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.
But since I was blinded and Zeus took away my senses, I am willing to make amends, and to give boundless ransom; but arouse yourself for battle, and stir up the rest of the host."

Notes

  1. 19.77αὐτόθεν ἐξ ἕδρης — Indicates that Agamemnon spoke "from his seat on the spot" without standing up, reflecting either his physical weakness from wounds or a psychological distance in the assembly.
  2. 19.79-80ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν — ἑσταότος is a participle acting as the object of ἀκούειν, referring to "one who stands [to speak]" in the assembly, expressing a customary etiquette of listening to speakers.
  3. 19.92-93οὐ γὰρ ἐπʼ οὔδει / πίλναται — Mythological and symbolic description of Ate (Folly/Blindness). Her feet not touching the ground signifies her supernatural, ruinous nature as she walks over the heads of men to deceive them.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §19.70-19.139. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:19.70-19.139

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