Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §18.206-18.275

The Shout of Achilles and Polydamas' Counsel

Passage 166 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles stands by the ditch and shouts, throwing the Trojan army into a panic and allowing the Achaeans to rescue Patroclus' body. In the Trojan assembly, Polydamas advises retreating to the city out of fear of Achilles' return to battle.

§18.206χρύσεον, ἐκ δʼ αὐτοῦ δαῖε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.
It was golden, and from it she kindled a dazzling flame.
§18.207ὡς δʼ ὅτε καπνὸς ἰὼν ἐξ ἄστεος αἰθέρʼ ἵκηται §18.208τηλόθεν ἐκ νήσου, τὴν δήϊοι ἀμφιμάχωνται, §18.209οἵ τε πανημέριοι στυγερῷ κρίνονται Ἄρηϊ §18.210ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου· ἅμα δʼ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι §18.211πυρσοί τε φλεγέθουσιν ἐπήτριμοι, ὑψόσε δʼ αὐγὴ §18.212γίγνεται ἀΐσσουσα περικτιόνεσσιν ἰδέσθαι, §18.213αἴ κέν πως σὺν νηυσὶν ἄρεω ἀλκτῆρες ἵκωνται· §18.214ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος κεφαλῆς σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε·
And as when smoke rising from a city reaches the upper air, from an island far away, which enemies are fighting around, who all day long contend in hateful war, issuing from their city; and together with the setting sun beacons blaze in thick succession, and the glare goes rushing aloft for those who dwell around to see, in hope that they may come in their ships to be warders off of ruin; so from the head of Achilles the gleam reached the upper air.
§18.215στῆ δʼ ἐπὶ τάφρον ἰὼν ἀπὸ τείχεος, οὐδʼ ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς §18.216μίσγετο· μητρὸς γὰρ πυκινὴν ὠπίζετʼ ἐφετμήν.
He went and stood at the trench, away from the wall, nor with the Achaeans did he mingle; for he minded the wise command of his mother.
§18.217ἔνθα στὰς ἤϋσʼ, ἀπάτερθε δὲ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη §18.218φθέγξατʼ· ἀτὰρ Τρώεσσιν ἐν ἄσπετον ὦρσε κυδοιμόν.
Standing there he shouted, and from afar Pallas Athena uttered her voice; and among the Trojans she aroused unspeakable confusion.
§18.219ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀριζήλη φωνή, ὅτε τʼ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ §18.220ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων, §18.221ὣς τότʼ ἀριζήλη φωνὴ γένετʼ Αἰακίδαο.
And as when a voice is heard clear, when a trumpet sounds because of murderous enemies surrounding a city, so clear then was the voice of the grandson of Aeacus.
§18.222οἳ δʼ ὡς οὖν ἄϊον ὄπα χάλκεον Αἰακίδαο, §18.223πᾶσιν ὀρίνθη θυμός· ἀτὰρ καλλίτριχες ἵπποι §18.224ἂψ ὄχεα τρόπεον· ὄσσοντο γὰρ ἄλγεα θυμῷ.
And when they heard the bronze voice of the grandson of Aeacus, the hearts of all were dismayed; and the fair-maned horses turned the chariots backward, for they foreboded woes in their minds.
§18.225ἡνίοχοι δʼ ἔκπληγεν, ἐπεὶ ἴδον ἀκάματον πῦρ §18.226δεινὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς μεγαθύμου Πηλεΐωνος §18.227δαιόμενον· τὸ δὲ δαῖε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.
And the charioteers were struck with panic when they saw the tireless fire burning terribly over the head of the great-hearted son of Peleus; and the flashing-eyed goddess Athena kindled it.
§18.228τρὶς μὲν ὑπὲρ τάφρου μεγάλʼ ἴαχε δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, §18.229τρὶς δὲ κυκήθησαν Τρῶες κλειτοί τʼ ἐπίκουροι.
Thrice over the trench shouted noble Achilles, and thrice were the Trojans and their famous allies thrown into confusion.
§18.230ἔνθα δὲ καὶ τότʼ ὄλοντο δυώδεκα φῶτες ἄριστοι §18.231ἀμφὶ σφοῖς ὀχέεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν.
And there and then twelve of their best men perished around their own chariots and spears.
αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ §18.232ἀσπασίως Πάτροκλον ὑπʼ ἐκ βελέων ἐρύσαντες §18.233κάτθεσαν ἐν λεχέεσσι· φίλοι δʼ ἀμφέσταν ἑταῖροι §18.234μυρόμενοι· μετὰ δέ σφι ποδώκης εἵπετʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς §18.235δάκρυα θερμὰ χέων, ἐπεὶ εἴσιδε πιστὸν ἑταῖρον §18.236κείμενον ἐν φέρτρῳ δεδαϊγμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, §18.237τόν ῥʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἔπεμπε σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν §18.238ἐς πόλεμον, οὐδʼ αὖτις ἐδέξατο νοστήσαντα.
But the Achaeans gladly dragged Patroclus out from among the missiles and laid him on a litter; and his dear companions stood around him weeping; and among them followed swift-footed Achilles, shedding hot tears, when he beheld his faithful companion lying on a bier, mangled by the sharp bronze, whom he had indeed sent forth with horses and chariots into war, but never again welcomed him returning.
§18.239Ἠέλιον δʼ ἀκάμαντα βοῶπις πότνια Ἥρη §18.240πέμψεν ἐπʼ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοὰς ἀέκοντα νέεσθαι· §18.241ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ, παύσαντο δὲ δῖοι Ἀχαιοὶ §18.242φυλόπιδος κρατερῆς καὶ ὁμοιΐου πολέμοιο.
And the tireless Sun, the ox-eyed queenly Hera sent to go, unwilling, to the streams of Oceanus; so the sun set, and the noble Achaeans ceased from the mighty conflict and the equally shared war.
§18.243Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης §18.244χωρήσαντες ἔλυσαν ὑφʼ ἅρμασιν ὠκέας ἵππους, §18.245ἐς δʼ ἀγορὴν ἀγέροντο πάρος δόρποιο μέδεσθαι.
And the Trojans on their part, withdrawing from the fierce combat, loosed their swift horses from beneath their chariots, and gathered in assembly before minding their supper.
§18.246ὀρθῶν δʼ ἑσταότων ἀγορὴ γένετʼ, οὐδέ τις ἔτλη §18.247ἕζεσθαι· πάντας γὰρ ἔχε τρόμος, οὕνεκʼ Ἀχιλλεὺς §18.248ἐξεφάνη, δηρὸν δὲ μάχης ἐπέπαυτʼ ἀλεγεινῆς.
And the assembly was held standing, nor did anyone dare to sit; for trembling held them all, because Achilles had appeared, who had long ceased from grievous war.
§18.249τοῖσι δὲ Πουλυδάμας πεπνυμένος ἦρχʼ ἀγορεύειν §18.250Πανθοΐδης·
And among them the wise Polydamas began to speak, the son of Panthous, who alone looked before and after.
ὃ γὰρ οἶος ὅρα πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω· §18.251Ἕκτορι δʼ ἦεν ἑταῖρος, ἰῇ δʼ ἐν νυκτὶ γένοντο, §18.252ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὃ δʼ ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα·
He was a companion to Hector, and in one night they were born; but the one excelled in words, the other far in the spear.
§18.253ὅ σφιν ἐϋφρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν· §18.254ἀμφὶ μάλα φράζεσθε φίλοι· κέλομαι γὰρ ἔγωγε §18.255ἄστυδε νῦν ἰέναι, μὴ μίμνειν ἠῶ δῖαν §18.256ἐν πεδίῳ παρὰ νηυσίν· ἑκὰς δʼ ἀπὸ τείχεός εἰμεν.
He with wise intent spoke and addressed them: "Consider well, my friends; for I bid you go now to the city, and not wait for the bright dawn in the plain by the ships; for we are far from the wall.
§18.257ὄφρα μὲν οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ἀγαμέμνονι μήνιε δίῳ §18.258τόφρα δὲ ῥηΐτεροι πολεμίζειν ἦσαν Ἀχαιοί· §18.259χαίρεσκον γὰρ ἔγωγε θοῇς ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἰαύων §18.260ἐλπόμενος νῆας αἱρησέμεν ἀμφιελίσσας.
As long as this man was angry with noble Agamemnon, so long were the Achaeans easier to fight; for I too was glad as I slept by the swift ships, hoping that we would take the curved ships.
§18.261νῦν δʼ αἰνῶς δείδοικα ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα· §18.262οἷος κείνου θυμὸς ὑπέρβιος, οὐκ ἐθελήσει §18.263μίμνειν ἐν πεδίῳ, ὅθι περ Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ §18.264ἐν μέσῳ ἀμφότεροι μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται, §18.265ἀλλὰ περὶ πτόλιός τε μαχήσεται ἠδὲ γυναικῶν.
But now I terribly fear the swift-footed son of Peleus; such is his violent spirit, he will not be willing to remain in the plain, where both Trojans and Achaeans in the midst share the force of Ares, but he will fight for our city and our women.
§18.266ἀλλʼ ἴομεν προτὶ ἄστυ, πίθεσθέ μοι· ὧδε γὰρ ἔσται·
But let us go to the city; yield to me, for so it shall be.
§18.267νῦν μὲν νὺξ ἀπέπαυσε ποδώκεα Πηλεΐωνα §18.268ἀμβροσίη· εἰ δʼ ἄμμε κιχήσεται ἐνθάδʼ ἐόντας §18.269αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν §18.270γνώσεται· ἀσπασίως γὰρ ἀφίξεται Ἴλιον ἱρὴν §18.271ὅς κε φύγῃ, πολλοὺς δὲ κύνες καὶ γῦπες ἔδονται §18.272Τρώων· αἲ γὰρ δή μοι ἀπʼ οὔατος ὧδε γένοιτο.
Now indeed immortal night has stayed the swift-footed son of Peleus; but if he shall find us remaining here tomorrow, rushing forth with his armor, well will many a man know him; for gladly will he reach sacred Ilios whosoever escapes, and many of the Trojans will dogs and vultures devour; may such news be far from my ear.
§18.273εἰ δʼ ἂν ἐμοῖς ἐπέεσσι πιθώμεθα κηδόμενοί περ, §18.274νύκτα μὲν εἰν ἀγορῇ σθένος ἕξομεν, ἄστυ δὲ πύργοι §18.275ὑψηλαί τε πύλαι σανίδες τʼ ἐπὶ τῇς ἀραρυῖαι
But if we yield to my words, though we are anxious, during the night we shall keep our strength in the assembly, and the city will be guarded by towers and high gates, and fitted doors upon them.

Notes

  1. §18.207ὡς δʼ ὅτε — An introductory formula for a simile. It uses the image of smoke and battle on a distant island to describe the brilliance of the fire rising from Achilles' head.
  2. §18.213αἴ κέν πως ... ἵκωνται — The conjunction αἴ κέ (εἴ κε) followed by the optative mood, forming an adverbial clause that expresses hope or purpose ('in the hope that...').
  3. §18.219ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀριζήλη φωνή — A verb is omitted immediately after the conjunction ὡς δʼ ὅτε; it should be understood as 'as when a clear voice [is heard].' This is further explained by the following clause ὅτε τʼ ἴαχε σάλπιγξ.
  4. §18.231ἀμφὶ σφοῖς ὀχέεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν — The preposition ἀμφί with the dative case literally means 'around,' but here it indicates the tragic circumstance where they perished by being entangled in or crushed by their own chariots and spears in the panic.
  5. §18.250πρόσσω καὶ ὀπίσσω — Literally 'forward and backward,' this is an idiomatic expression denoting the wisdom to look 'before and after,' meaning both the past and the future, or the causes and consequences of events.
  6. §18.272ἀπʼ οὔατος — Meaning 'far from my ear.' This is an expression of prayer by Polydamas that such ominous news of Trojan defeat and casualties might never reach his ears (i.e., that such a tragedy would not happen).

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §18.206-18.275. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:18.206-18.275

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