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Homer · Iliad §16.797-16.867

Death of Patroclus and His Prophecy to Hector

Passage 151 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Patroclus is critically disarmed and weakened by Apollo and Euphorbus, and is finally slain by Hector's spear. Before dying, Patroclus prophesies Hector's imminent death at the hands of Achilles, and Hector then pursues Automedon who drives Achilles' chariot.

§16.797ἱππόκομον πήληκα μιαίνεσθαι κονίῃσιν, §16.798ἀλλʼ ἀνδρὸς θείοιο κάρη χαρίεν τε μέτωπον §16.799ῥύετʼ Ἀχιλλῆος·
for the horse-tail crested helmet to be defiled in the dust, but it protected the head and beautiful forehead of a godlike man, of Achilles.
τότε δὲ Ζεὺς Ἕκτορι δῶκεν §16.800ᾗ κεφαλῇ φορέειν, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἦεν ὄλεθρος.
Then indeed Zeus gave it to Hector to wear on his head, and near to him was his destruction.
§16.801πᾶν δέ οἱ ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος §16.802βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρὸν κεκορυθμένον· αὐτὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων §16.803ἀσπὶς σὺν τελαμῶνι χαμαὶ πέσε τερμιόεσσα.
And in his hands his long-shadowed spear was shattered entirely, heavy, great, stout, and tipped with bronze; and from his shoulders his tasselled shield with its strap fell to the ground.
§16.804λῦσε δέ οἱ θώρηκα ἄναξ Διὸς υἱὸς Ἀπόλλων.
And the lord Apollo, son of Zeus, loosened his breastplate.
§16.805τὸν δʼ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δʼ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα, §16.806στῆ δὲ ταφών·
And blindness seized his mind, and his glorious limbs were loosened beneath him, and he stood dazed.
ὄπιθεν δὲ μετάφρενον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ §16.807ὤμων μεσσηγὺς σχεδόθεν βάλε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ §16.808Πανθοΐδης Εὔφορβος, ὃς ἡλικίην ἐκέκαστο §16.809ἔγχεΐ θʼ ἱπποσύνῃ τε πόδεσσί τε καρπαλίμοισι· §16.810καὶ γὰρ δὴ τότε φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφʼ ἵππων §16.811πρῶτʼ ἐλθὼν σὺν ὄχεσφι διδασκόμενος πολέμοιο·
And from behind, from close at hand, a Dardanian man struck him on the back, between the shoulders, Euphorbus son of Panthous, who surpassed his peers in the spear, in horsemanship, and in swift feet; for indeed even then he had brought down twenty men from their horses when he first came with his chariot, learning of war.
§16.812ὅς τοι πρῶτος ἐφῆκε βέλος Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ §16.813οὐδὲ δάμασσʼ· ὃ μὲν αὖτις ἀνέδραμε, μίκτο δʼ ὁμίλῳ, §16.814ἐκ χροὸς ἁρπάξας δόρυ μείλινον, οὐδʼ ὑπέμεινε §16.815Πάτροκλον γυμνόν περ ἐόντʼ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι.
He it was who first cast a weapon at you, knight Patroclus, yet did not slay you; but he ran back and mingled with the throng, having snatched the ashen spear from your flesh, nor did he withstand Patroclus, though he was unarmed, in the fight.
§16.816Πάτροκλος δὲ θεοῦ πληγῇ καὶ δουρὶ δαμασθεὶς §16.817ἂψ ἑτάρων εἰς ἔθνος ἐχάζετο κῆρʼ ἀλεείνων.
And Patroclus, overcome by the blow of the god and by the spear, shrank back into the throng of his companions, avoiding death.
§16.818Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Πατροκλῆα μεγάθυμον §16.819ἂψ ἀναχαζόμενον βεβλημένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, §16.820ἀγχίμολόν ῥά οἱ ἦλθε κατὰ στίχας, οὖτα δὲ δουρὶ §16.821νείατον ἐς κενεῶνα, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσε·
But Hector, when he saw great-hearted Patroclus shrinking back, wounded by the sharp bronze, came near him through the ranks and struck him with his spear in the lower belly, and drove the bronze clean through.
§16.822δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, μέγα δʼ ἤκαχε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν·
And he fell with a thud, and greatly grieved the people of the Achaeans.
§16.823ὡς δʼ ὅτε σῦν ἀκάμαντα λέων ἐβιήσατο χάρμῃ, §16.824ὥ τʼ ὄρεος κορυφῇσι μέγα φρονέοντε μάχεσθον §16.825πίδακος ἀμφʼ ὀλίγης· ἐθέλουσι δὲ πιέμεν ἄμφω· §16.826πολλὰ δέ τʼ ἀσθμαίνοντα λέων ἐδάμασσε βίηφιν· §16.827ὣς πολέας πεφνόντα Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμον υἱὸν §16.828Ἕκτωρ Πριαμίδης σχεδὸν ἔγχεϊ θυμὸν ἀπηύρα, §16.829καί οἱ ἐπευχόμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §16.830Πάτροκλʼ ἦ που ἔφησθα πόλιν κεραϊξέμεν ἁμήν, §16.831Τρωϊάδας δὲ γυναῖκας ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ ἀπούρας §16.832ἄξειν ἐν νήεσσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν
And as when a lion overcomes an untiring boar in fight, when the two fight with proud hearts on the mountain peaks over a little spring, and both wish to drink; and the lion overcomes him by force as he gasps heavily; even so did Hector, son of Priam, take away the life of the brave son of Menoetius with his spear from close at hand, after he had slain many; and exulting over him he spoke winged words: "Patroclus, surely you thought you would sack our city, and take the day of freedom from the Trojan women and carry them in ships to your beloved native land, you fool!
§16.833νήπιε· τάων δὲ πρόσθʼ Ἕκτορος ὠκέες ἵπποι §16.834ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν· ἔγχεϊ δʼ αὐτὸς §16.835Τρωσὶ φιλοπτολέμοισι μεταπρέπω, ὅ σφιν ἀμύνω §16.836ἦμαρ ἀναγκαῖον·
In front of them the swift horses of Hector stretch their strides to fight; and with the spear I myself excel among the war-loving Trojans, I who ward off from them the day of necessity.
σὲ δέ τʼ ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται.
But as for you, vultures shall eat you here.
§16.837ἆ δείλʼ, οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς, §16.838ὅς πού τοι μάλα πολλὰ μένων ἐπετέλλετʼ ἰόντι· §16.839μή μοι πρὶν ἰέναι Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε §16.840νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς πρὶν Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο §16.841αἱματόεντα χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι. §16.842ὥς πού σε προσέφη, σοὶ δὲ φρένας ἄφρονι πεῖθε. §16.843τὸν δʼ ὀλιγοδρανέων προσέφης Πατρόκλεες ἱππεῦ· §16.844ἤδη νῦν Ἕκτορ μεγάλʼ εὔχεο· σοὶ γὰρ ἔδωκε §16.845νίκην Ζεὺς Κρονίδης καὶ Ἀπόλλων, οἵ με δάμασσαν §16.846ῥηιδίως· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο.
Wretched man, not even Achilles, excellent though he is, availed you, who, staying behind, doubtless laid many commands upon you as you went forth: 'Do not return to me, knight Patroclus, to the hollow ships until you have rent the bloody tunic of man-slaying Hector about his breast.' Thus, I suppose, he spoke to you, and persuaded your mind in your folly." And gasping out your life, you spoke to him, knight Patroclus: "Now, Hector, boast greatly; for to you have Zeus, son of Cronos, and Apollo given victory, they who vanquished me easily; for they themselves took the armor from my shoulders.
§16.847τοιοῦτοι δʼ εἴ πέρ μοι ἐείκοσιν ἀντεβόλησαν, §16.848πάντές κʼ αὐτόθʼ ὄλοντο ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμέντες.
But if twenty such as you had met me, they would all have perished on the spot, vanquished by my spear.
§16.849ἀλλά με μοῖρʼ ὀλοὴ καὶ Λητοῦς ἔκτανεν υἱός, §16.850ἀνδρῶν δʼ Εὔφορβος· σὺ δέ με τρίτος ἐξεναρίζεις.
But destructive Fate and the son of Leto slew me, and of men, Euphorbus; and you are the third to strip me.
§16.851ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, σὺ δʼ ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν· §16.852οὔ θην οὐδʼ αὐτὸς δηρὸν βέῃ, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη §16.853ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος καὶ μοῖρα κραταιὴ §16.854χερσὶ δαμέντʼ Ἀχιλῆος ἀμύμονος Αἰακίδαο. §16.855ὣς ἄρα μιν εἰπόντα τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψε· §16.856ψυχὴ δʼ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδος δὲ βεβήκει §16.857ὃν πότμον γοόωσα λιποῦσʼ ἀνδροτῆτα καὶ ἥβην.
And another thing I will tell you, and do you lay it to your heart: you yourself shall not live long, but already death and mighty fate stand close beside you, to be vanquished by the hands of Achilles, the peerless descendant of Aeacus." Even as he thus spoke, the end of death enfolded him; and his soul fleeting from his limbs went down to the house of Hades, mourning its fate, leaving manliness and youth.
§16.858τὸν καὶ τεθνηῶτα προσηύδα φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ· §16.859Πατρόκλεις τί νύ μοι μαντεύεαι αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον;
And to him, though he was dead, glorious Hector spoke: "Patroclus, why do you prophesy sheer destruction for me?
§16.860τίς δʼ οἶδʼ εἴ κʼ Ἀχιλεὺς Θέτιδος πάϊς ἠϋκόμοιο §16.861φθήῃ ἐμῷ ὑπὸ δουρὶ τυπεὶς ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι; §16.862ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας δόρυ χάλκεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς §16.863εἴρυσε λὰξ προσβάς, τὸν δʼ ὕπτιον ὦσʼ ἀπὸ δουρός.
Who knows but that Achilles, son of fair-haired Thetis, may be struck first by my spear and lose his life?" So saying, he drew the bronze spear from the wound, planting his foot upon him, and pushed him backward off the spear.
§16.864αὐτίκα δὲ ξὺν δουρὶ μετʼ Αὐτομέδοντα βεβήκει §16.865ἀντίθεον θεράποντα ποδώκεος Αἰακίδαο· §16.866ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν· τὸν δʼ ἔκφερον ὠκέες ἵπποι §16.867ἄμβροτοι, οὓς Πηλῆϊ θεοὶ δόσαν ἀγλαὰ δῶρα.
And immediately he went with his spear after Automedon, the godlike squire of swift-footed Aeacides; for he was eager to strike him; but the swift horses bore him away, immortal, which the gods gave as glorious gifts to Peleus.

Notes

  1. §16.797μιαίνεσθαι — Present passive infinitive meaning "to be defiled", forming an accusative and infinitive construction with `πύληκα` as its subject, dependent on the impersonal expression `οὐ θέμις ἦεν` in line 796.
  2. §16.811διδασκόμενος πολέμοιο — The genitive `πολέμοιο` acts as the object of the middle participle `διδασκόμενος` ("learning of war"), representing the genitive of association or field of instruction.
  3. §16.837οὐδέ τοι ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν χραίσμησεν Ἀχιλλεύς — The participle `ἐών` functions with a concessive force ("although he is"). The verb `χραίσμησεν` takes the dative `τοι` ("to you") in the sense of "to be of use, to help".

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §16.797-16.867. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.797-16.867

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