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Homer · Iliad §16.584-16.652

Fierce Clash over Sarpedon and the Musings of Zeus

Passage 148 of 226 · Greek

Summary

The Achaeans, led by Patroclus, clash fiercely with the Trojans and Lycians as prominent warriors fall on both sides. Zeus watches the bloody struggle over Sarpedon's unrecognizable body, deliberating on the impending fate of Patroclus.

§16.584ὣς ἰθὺς Λυκίων Πατρόκλεες ἱπποκέλευθε §16.585ἔσσυο καὶ Τρώων, κεχόλωσο δὲ κῆρ ἑτάροιο.
Even so, Patroclus, driver of horses, straight against the Lycians and the Trojans did you rush, and you were angered in your heart for your companion.
§16.586καί ῥʼ ἔβαλε Σθενέλαον Ἰθαιμένεος φίλον υἱὸν §16.587αὐχένα χερμαδίῳ, ῥῆξεν δʼ ἀπὸ τοῖο τένοντας.
And he struck Sthenelaus, the dear son of Ithaemenes, on the neck with a stone, and broke his tendons away from it.
§16.588χώρησαν δʼ ὑπό τε πρόμαχοι καὶ φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ.
And the foremost fighters and illustrious Hector gave way.
§16.589ὅσση δʼ αἰγανέης ῥιπὴ ταναοῖο τέτυκται, §16.590ἥν ῥά τʼ ἀνὴρ ἀφέῃ πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ §16.591ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ δηΐων ὕπο θυμοραϊστέων, §16.592τόσσον ἐχώρησαν Τρῶες, ὤσαντο δʼ Ἀχαιοί.
And as far as is the cast of a long javelin, which a man lets fly making trial of his strength either in games or in war under pressure of deadly enemies, so far did the Trojans retreat, and the Achaeans drove them back.
§16.593Γλαῦκος δὲ πρῶτος Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων §16.594ἐτράπετʼ, ἔκτεινεν δὲ Βαθυκλῆα μεγάθυμον §16.595Χάλκωνος φίλον υἱόν, ὃς Ἑλλάδι οἰκία ναίων §16.596ὄλβῳ τε πλούτῳ τε μετέπρεπε Μυρμιδόνεσσι.
But Glaucus first, the leader of the Lycian shield-bearers, turned, and slew great-hearted Bathycles, the dear son of Chalcon, who dwelt in his home in Hellas and was pre-eminent among the Myrmidons for prosperity and wealth.
§16.597τὸν μὲν ἄρα Γλαῦκος στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ §16.598στρεφθεὶς ἐξαπίνης, ὅτε μιν κατέμαρπτε διώκων· §16.599δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· πυκινὸν δʼ ἄχος ἔλλαβʼ Ἀχαιούς, §16.600ὡς ἔπεσʼ ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ· μέγα δὲ Τρῶες κεχάροντο, §16.601στὰν δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτὸν ἰόντες ἀολλέες· οὐδʼ ἄρʼ Ἀχαιοὶ §16.602ἀλκῆς ἐξελάθοντο, μένος δʼ ἰθὺς φέρον αὐτῶν.
Him then Glaucus wounded in the middle of the breast with his spear, turning suddenly, just as the other was overtaking him in pursuit; and he fell with a thud; and severe grief seized the Achaeans, because a good man had fallen; but the Trojans rejoiced greatly, and came and stood in crowds around him; nor indeed did the Achaeans forget their valor, but bore their strength straight against them.
§16.603ἔνθʼ αὖ Μηριόνης Τρώων ἕλεν ἄνδρα κορυστὴν §16.604Λαόγονον θρασὺν υἱὸν Ὀνήτορος, ὃς Διὸς ἱρεὺς §16.605Ἰδαίου ἐτέτυκτο, θεὸς δʼ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ.
Then Meriones in turn slew a helmeted warrior of the Trojans, Laogonus, the bold son of Onetor, who was the priest of Idaean Zeus, and was honored like a god by the people.
§16.606τὸν βάλʼ ὑπὸ γναθμοῖο καὶ οὔατος· ὦκα δὲ θυμὸς §16.607ᾤχετʼ ἀπὸ μελέων, στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν.
Him he struck beneath the jaw and ear; and quickly the spirit went out from his limbs, and hateful darkness seized him.
§16.608Αἰνείας δʼ ἐπὶ Μηριόνῃ δόρυ χάλκεον ἧκεν· §16.609ἔλπετο γὰρ τεύξεσθαι ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντος.
And Aeneas cast his bronze spear at Meriones; for he hoped to hit him as he advanced under cover of his shield.
§16.610ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἄντα ἰδὼν ἠλεύατο χάλκεον ἔγχος· §16.611πρόσσω γὰρ κατέκυψε, τὸ δʼ ἐξόπιθεν δόρυ μακρὸν §16.612οὔδει ἐνισκίμφθη, ἐπὶ δʼ οὐρίαχος πελεμίχθη §16.613ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης.
But he, looking straight at it, avoided the bronze spear; for he bent forward, and behind him the long spear was fixed in the ground, and the butt-end of the spear vibrated; and there then mighty Ares let go the strength of the spear.
§16.614αἰχμὴ δʼ Αἰνείαο κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης §16.615ᾤχετʼ, ἐπεί ῥʼ ἅλιον στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ὄρουσεν.
And the spear-point of Aeneas went quivering into the earth, since it had sped in vain from his mighty hand.
§16.616Αἰνείας δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐχώσατο φώνησέν τε· §16.617Μηριόνη τάχα κέν σε καὶ ὀρχηστήν περ ἐόντα §16.618ἔγχος ἐμὸν κατέπαυσε διαμπερές, εἴ σʼ ἔβαλόν περ. §16.619τὸν δʼ αὖ Μηριόνης δουρικλυτὸς ἀντίον ηὔδα· §16.620Αἰνεία χαλεπόν σε καὶ ἴφθιμόν περ ἐόντα §16.621πάντων ἀνθρώπων σβέσσαι μένος, ὅς κέ σευ ἄντα §16.622ἔλθῃ ἀμυνόμενος·
And Aeneas was angry in his heart and spoke: "Meriones, quickly indeed, dancer though you are, would my spear have stopped you forever, if only I had struck you." And to him in turn Meriones, famous for the spear, spoke: "Aeneas, it is hard for you, powerful though you are, to quench the strength of all men who come against you to defend themselves; for indeed you too are mortal.
θνητὸς δέ νυ καὶ σὺ τέτυξαι. §16.623εἰ καὶ ἐγώ σε βάλοιμι τυχὼν μέσον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, §16.624αἶψά κε καὶ κρατερός περ ἐὼν καὶ χερσὶ πεποιθὼς §16.625εὖχος ἐμοὶ δοίης, ψυχὴν δʼ Ἄϊδι κλυτοπώλῳ. §16.626ὣς φάτο, τὸν δʼ ἐνένιπε Μενοιτίου ἄλκιμος υἱός· §16.627Μηριόνη τί σὺ ταῦτα καὶ ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν ἀγορεύεις;
If I too should strike you, hitting you in the middle with the sharp bronze, quickly indeed, strong though you are and trusting in your hands, would you give glory to me, and your soul to Hades of the famous steeds." So he spoke, and the strong son of Menoetius rebuked him: "Meriones, why do you, though a brave man, speak thus?
§16.628ὦ πέπον οὔ τοι Τρῶες ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεσσι §16.629νεκροῦ χωρήσουσι· πάρος τινὰ γαῖα καθέξει.
My friend, the Trojans will not indeed, because of insulting words, give way from the corpse; before that, the earth will hold some of them.
§16.630ἐν γὰρ χερσὶ τέλος πολέμου, ἐπέων δʼ ἐνὶ βουλῇ· §16.631τὼ οὔ τι χρὴ μῦθον ὀφέλλειν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι. §16.632ὣς εἰπὼν ὃ μὲν ἦρχʼ, ὃ δʼ ἅμʼ ἕσπετο ἰσόθεος φώς.
For the end of war is in the hands, but of words in counsel; therefore we should not multiply words, but fight." So saying, he led the way, and the godlike man followed with him.
§16.633τῶν δʼ ὥς τε δρυτόμων ἀνδρῶν ὀρυμαγδὸς ὀρώρει §16.634οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ἕκαθεν δέ τε γίγνετʼ ἀκουή, §16.635ὣς τῶν ὄρνυτο δοῦπος ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης §16.636χαλκοῦ τε ῥινοῦ τε βοῶν τʼ εὐποιητάων, §16.637νυσσομένων ξίφεσίν τε καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισιν.
And as the din of woodcutters arises in the glens of a mountain, and the sound is heard from afar, so arose the clatter of them from the broad-wayed earth, of bronze and of leather and of well-made ox-hide shields, as they thrust at one another with swords and two-edged spears.
§16.638οὐδʼ ἂν ἔτι φράδμων περ ἀνὴρ Σαρπηδόνα δῖον §16.639ἔγνω, ἐπεὶ βελέεσσι καὶ αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσιν §16.640ἐκ κεφαλῆς εἴλυτο διαμπερὲς ἐς πόδας ἄκρους.
Nor would a discerning man any longer have recognized noble Sarpedon, since with missiles and blood and dust he was covered utterly from his head to the very tips of his feet.
§16.641οἳ δʼ αἰεὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, ὡς ὅτε μυῖαι §16.642σταθμῷ ἔνι βρομέωσι περιγλαγέας κατὰ πέλλας §16.643ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τε γλάγος ἄγγεα δεύει· §16.644ὣς ἄρα τοὶ περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμίλεον, οὐδέ ποτε Ζεὺς §16.645τρέψεν ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης ὄσσε φαεινώ, §16.646ἀλλὰ κατʼ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα καὶ φράζετο θυμῷ, §16.647πολλὰ μάλʼ ἀμφὶ φόνῳ Πατρόκλου μερμηρίζων, §16.648ἢ ἤδη καὶ κεῖνον ἐνὶ κρατερῇ ὑσμίνῃ §16.649αὐτοῦ ἐπʼ ἀντιθέῳ Σαρπηδόνι φαίδιμος Ἕκτωρ §16.650χαλκῷ δῃώσῃ, ἀπό τʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἕληται, §16.651ἦ ἔτι καὶ πλεόνεσσιν ὀφέλλειεν πόνον αἰπύν.
And they thronged continuously around the corpse, as when flies buzz about the full milk-pails in the farmstead in the season of spring, when the milk drenches the vessels; so indeed did they throng around the corpse; nor did Zeus ever turn his shining eyes away from the fierce battle, but kept looking at them always and pondered in his heart, pondering very much about the slaying of Patroclus, whether now he too in the fierce battle, there over godlike Sarpedon, illustrious Hector should slay with the bronze, and strip the armor from his shoulders, or whether he should still increase the steep toil of battle for yet more men.
§16.652ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι
And to him as he pondered thus, it seemed to be better...

Notes

  1. §16.609ὑπασπίδια προβιβῶντος — The genitive present participle προβιβῶντος refers back to the preceding dative name Μηριόνῃ (Meriones). Syntactically, it describes him advancing under the cover of his shield (with ὑπασπίδια used adverbially as a neuter plural accusative). The shift from dative to genitive is best understood as a genitive absolute construct with an omitted pronominal subject ('while he was advancing').
  2. §16.613ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης — Describing the event after the spear missed its mark and lodged in the ground, the verb ἀφίει (third-person singular imperfect of ἀφίημι) has Ἄρης (Ares) as its subject. It literally translates as 'thereupon mighty Ares let go the fury of the spear.' It is a mythological representation where the god of war is imagined as releasing or neutralizing the weapon's destructive energy harmlessly into the earth.
  3. §16.648ἤ ἤδη καὶ κεῖνον... ἦ ἔτι καὶ πλεόνεσσιν... — A double indirect question introduced by the disjunctive particles ἤ... ἦ... (or ἤ... ἤ...), functioning as the object of the main verb φράζετο ('he was pondering'). It coordinates the two opposing choices in Zeus's mind regarding Patroclus's fate: whether he should be slain right now over Sarpedon's body, or whether Zeus should still prolong the grim toil of battle for many more.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §16.584-16.652. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:16.584-16.652

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