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Homer · Iliad §15.473-15.541

Exhortations of Hector and Ajax and Close Combat

Passage 136 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Ajax urges Teucer to lay aside his bow and fight with a spear and shield, while both Hector and Ajax rouse their respective armies. A fierce close combat ensues on the battlefield, where warriors from both sides fall or are wounded under divine influence.

§15.473κεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ συνέχευε θεὸς Δαναοῖσι μεγήρας·
to lie there, since a god has confounded our plans, grudging them to the Danaans.
§15.474αὐτὰρ χερσὶν ἑλὼν δολιχὸν δόρυ καὶ σάκος ὤμῳ §15.475μάρναό τε Τρώεσσι καὶ ἄλλους ὄρνυθι λαούς.
But take in thy hands a long spear and a shield on thy shoulder, and fight against the Trojans, and urge on the rest of the folk.
§15.476μὴ μὰν ἀσπουδί γε δαμασσάμενοί περ ἕλοιεν §15.477νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους, ἀλλὰ μνησώμεθα χάρμης. §15.478ὣς φάθʼ, ὃ δὲ τόξον μὲν ἐνὶ κλισίῃσιν ἔθηκεν, §15.479αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀμφʼ ὤμοισι σάκος θέτο τετραθέλυμνον, §15.480κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν §15.481ἵππουριν, δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν·
Let them not indeed at their ease, though they have overmastered us, take the well-benched ships, but let us be mindful of battle." So he spoke, and Teucer laid his bow within the hut, but about his shoulders he slung a fourfold shield, and upon his mighty head he set a well-wrought helmet with horse-hair crest, and dreadfully did the plume wave from above.
§15.482εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος ἀκαχμένον ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, §15.483βῆ δʼ ἰέναι, μάλα δʼ ὦκα θέων Αἴαντι παρέστη.
And he took a doughty spear, tipped with sharp bronze, and set out to go, and very swiftly running stood by Ajax's side.
§15.484Ἕκτωρ δʼ ὡς εἶδεν Τεύκρου βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα, §15.485Τρωσί τε καὶ Λυκίοισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας· §15.486Τρῶες καὶ Λύκιοι καὶ Δάρδανοι ἀγχιμαχηταὶ §15.487ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς §15.488νῆας ἀνὰ γλαφυράς· δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν §15.489ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα.
But Hector, when he saw Teucer's weapons disabled, called to the Trojans and Lycians with a loud shout: "Trojans and Lycians and Dardanians that fight hand to hand, be men, my friends, and be mindful of furious valor among the hollow ships; for indeed I have seen with my eyes a chief warrior's weapons disabled by the hand of Zeus.
§15.490ῥεῖα δʼ ἀρίγνωτος Διὸς ἀνδράσι γίγνεται ἀλκή, §15.491ἠμὲν ὁτέοισιν κῦδος ὑπέρτερον ἐγγυαλίξῃ, §15.492ἠδʼ ὅτινας μινύθῃ τε καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλῃσιν ἀμύνειν, §15.493ὡς νῦν Ἀργείων μινύθει μένος, ἄμμι δʼ ἀρήγει.
Right easy to discern is the help Zeus gives to men, both to those to whom he hands over superior glory, and those whom he minishes and is not minded to defend, even as now he minishes the Argives' power, and aids us.
§15.494ἀλλὰ μάχεσθʼ ἐπὶ νηυσὶν ἀολλέες· ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων §15.495βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ §15.496τεθνάτω·
But fight together at the ships; and whosoever of you smitten by missile or thrust of sword shall meet death and his fate, let him die.
οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης §15.497τεθνάμεν· ἀλλʼ ἄλοχός τε σόη καὶ παῖδες ὀπίσσω, §15.498καὶ οἶκος καὶ κλῆρος ἀκήρατος, εἴ κεν Ἀχαιοὶ §15.499οἴχωνται σὺν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν. §15.500ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.
No unseemly thing is it for him to die defending his country; but his wife is safe and his children after him, and his house and his allotment of land unimpaired, if the Achaeans depart with their ships to their dear native land." So saying, he stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
§15.501Αἴας δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισιν· §15.502αἰδὼς Ἀργεῖοι·
And Ajax on the other side called to his companions: "Shame, Argives!
νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι §15.503ἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν.
Now is it sure that we must either perish or be saved and ward off ruin from the ships.
§15.504ἦ ἔλπεσθʼ ἢν νῆας ἕλῃ κορυθαίολος Ἕκτωρ §15.505ἐμβαδὸν ἵξεσθαι ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἕκαστος;
Do you hope, if helmet-glancing Hector takes the ships, that you will reach your own native land on foot, every man of you?
§15.506ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε λαὸν ἅπαντα §15.507Ἕκτορος, ὃς δὴ νῆας ἐνιπρῆσαι μενεαίνει;
Do you not hear Hector urging on all his host, who is eager to burn the ships?
§15.508οὐ μὰν ἔς γε χορὸν κέλετʼ ἐλθέμεν, ἀλλὰ μάχεσθαι.
Surely he is not bidding them come to the dance, but to fight.
§15.509ἡμῖν δʼ οὔ τις τοῦδε νόος καὶ μῆτις ἀμείνων §15.510ἢ αὐτοσχεδίῃ μῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε.
And for us there is no better counsel or plan than this, to join hand with hand and strength with strength in close combat.
§15.511βέλτερον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι §15.512ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῇ δηϊοτῆτι §15.513ὧδʼ αὔτως παρὰ νηυσὶν ὑπʼ ἀνδράσι χειροτέροισιν. §15.514ὣς εἰπὼν ὄτρυνε μένος καὶ θυμὸν ἑκάστου.
Better is it once for all either to perish or to live, than to be long wasted in dread conflict, thus in vain by the ships at the hands of lesser men." So saying, he stirred the strength and spirit of every man.
§15.515ἔνθʼ Ἕκτωρ μὲν ἕλε Σχεδίον Περιμήδεος υἱὸν §15.516ἀρχὸν Φωκήων, Αἴας δʼ ἕλε Λαοδάμαντα §15.517ἡγεμόνα πρυλέων Ἀντήνορος ἀγλαὸν υἱόν·
Then Hector slew Schedius, son of Perimedes, a leader of the Phocians, and Ajax slew Laodamas, leader of the foot-soldiers, Antenor's glorious son.
§15.518Πουλυδάμας δʼ Ὦτον Κυλλήνιον ἐξενάριξε §15.519Φυλεΐδεω ἕταρον, μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸν Ἐπειῶν.
And Polydamas despoiled Otus of Cyllene, companion of Phyleus' son, leader of the high-hearted Epeians.
§15.520τῷ δὲ Μέγης ἐπόρουσεν ἰδών· ὃ δʼ ὕπαιθα λιάσθη §15.521Πουλυδάμας· καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἀπήμβροτεν· οὐ γὰρ Ἀπόλλων §15.522εἴα Πάνθου υἱὸν ἐνὶ προμάχοισι δαμῆναι·
And Meges rushed on him when he saw it; but Polydamas shrank back from under him, and him Meges missed; for Apollo suffered not the son of Panthous to be vanquished among the foremost fighters.
§15.523αὐτὰρ ὅ γε Κροίσμου στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρί. §15.524δούπησεν δὲ πεσών· ὃ δʼ ἀπʼ ὤμων τεύχεʼ ἐσύλα.
But Meges smote Croesmus in the midst of the breast with his spear; and he fell with a thud, and Meges stripped the armor from his shoulders.
§15.525τόφρα δὲ τῷ ἐπόρουσε Δόλοψ αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰδὼς §15.526Λαμπετίδης, ὃν Λάμπος ἐγείνατο φέρτατον υἱὸν §15.527Λαομεδοντιάδης εὖ εἰδότα θούριδος ἀλκῆς, §15.528ὃς τότε Φυλεΐδαο μέσον σάκος οὔτασε δουρὶ §15.529ἐγγύθεν ὁρμηθείς· πυκινὸς δέ οἱ ἤρκεσε θώρηξ, §15.530τόν ῥʼ ἐφόρει γυάλοισιν ἀρηρότα· τόν ποτε Φυλεὺς §15.531ἤγαγεν ἐξ Ἐφύρης, ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος.
Meanwhile there rushed on him Dolops, well skilled in the spear, Lampus' son, whom Lampus begot, his strongest son, Laomedon's son, well skilled in furious valor, who then smote Phyleus' son in the midst of his shield with his spear, rushing on him from near at hand; but his thick breastplate saved him, which he wore, fitted with plates; Phyleus of old brought it from Ephyre, from the river Selleïs.
§15.532ξεῖνος γάρ οἱ ἔδωκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὐφήτης §15.533ἐς πόλεμον φορέειν δηΐων ἀνδρῶν ἀλεωρήν· §15.534ὅς οἱ καὶ τότε παιδὸς ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκεσʼ ὄλεθρον.
For a guest-friend had given it to him, Euphetes, lord of men, to wear in war, a defense against foemen; which then too warded off destruction from the body of his son.
§15.535τοῦ δὲ Μέγης κόρυθος χαλκήρεος ἱπποδασείης §15.536κύμβαχον ἀκρότατον νύξʼ ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι, §15.537ῥῆξε δʼ ἀφʼ ἵππειον λόφον αὐτοῦ· πᾶς δὲ χαμᾶζε §15.538κάππεσεν ἐν κονίῃσι νέον φοίνικι φαεινός.
And Meges smote Dolops on the topmost crest of his bronze helmet, hairy with horsehair, with his sharp spear, and sheared off the horsehair plume; and all of it to the ground fell in the dust, new-gleaming with scarlet dye.
§15.539εἷος ὃ τῷ πολέμιζε μένων, ἔτι δʼ ἔλπετο νίκην, §15.540τόφρα δέ οἱ Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἦλθεν ἀμύντωρ, §15.541στῆ δʼ εὐρὰξ σὺν δουρὶ λαθών, βάλε δʼ ὦμον ὄπισθεν·
While he yet stood and fought, still hoping for victory, warlike Menelaus came to Meges' aid, and stood on one side unseen with his spear, and smote Dolops' shoulder from behind;

Notes

  1. 15.473κεῖσθαι — The infinitive "κεῖσθαι", following the imperative "ἔα" in 15.472, is used as an imperative (infinitive of command), with its subject being the second person singular (Teucer).
  2. 15.476ἕλοιεν — The construction "μὴ ... ἕλοιεν" combining the negative particle "μὴ" with the optative mood expresses a strong wish or apprehension ("lest they take...").
  3. 15.491ἠμὲν ὁτέοισιν ... ἠδʼ ὅτινας — The difference in grammatical cases in the correlative structure "ἠμὲν ... ἠδʼ ..." (dative "ὁτέοισιν" vs accusative "ὅτινας") is due to the different case requirements of the governing verbs "ἐγγυαλίξῃ" (which takes a dative) and "μινύθῃ" (which takes an accusative).
  4. 15.502ἄρκιον — The neuter adjective "ἄρκιον" (sufficient, sure) with the infinitive construction "νῦν ἄρκιον [ἐστί] ἤ ... ἤ ..." expresses that there is no other choice left except either to perish or to be saved.
  5. 15.520ὃ δʼ ὕπαιθα λιάσθη / Πουλυδάμας — The demonstrative pronoun "ὃ δʼ" anticipates the subsequent proper noun "Πουλυδάμας", acting in apposition to it, which emphasizes the subject: "but he, Polydamas, shrank back".

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §15.473-15.541. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:15.473-15.541

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