Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §13.1-13.70

Poseidon's Intervention to Rouse the Two Ajaxes

Passage 110 of 226 · Greek

Summary

While Zeus turns his attention away from the battlefield, Poseidon, pitying the Achaeans, intervenes and encourages the two Ajaxes in the guise of Calchas.

§13.1Ζεὺς δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα νηυσὶ πέλασσε, §13.2τοὺς μὲν ἔα παρὰ τῇσι πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν καὶ ὀϊζὺν §13.3νωλεμέως, αὐτὸς δὲ πάλιν τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινὼ §13.4νόσφιν ἐφʼ ἱπποπόλων Θρῃκῶν καθορώμενος αἶαν §13.5Μυσῶν τʼ ἀγχεμάχων καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν §13.6γλακτοφάγων Ἀβίων τε δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων.
When Zeus had brought the Trojans and Hector close to the ships, he left them there to endure toil and misery endlessly, while he turned back his bright eyes away, looking down upon the land of the horse-tending Thracians, and of the close-fighting Mysians, and of the noble Hippemolgi, who drink mare's milk, and of the Abii, the most just of men.
§13.7ἐς Τροίην δʼ οὐ πάμπαν ἔτι τρέπεν ὄσσε φαεινώ· §13.8οὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀθανάτων τινα ἔλπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν §13.9ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσιν.
Toward Troy he no longer turned his bright eyes at all; for he did not expect in his heart that any of the immortals would go to aid either the Trojans or the Danaans.
§13.10οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε κρείων ἐνοσίχθων· §13.11καὶ γὰρ ὃ θαυμάζων ἧστο πτόλεμόν τε μάχην τε §13.12ὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης §13.13Θρηϊκίης· ἔνθεν γὰρ ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη, §13.14φαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.
But the lord, the shaker of the earth, kept no blind watch; for he sat wondering at the war and the battle high on the topmost peak of wooded Samothrace, the Thracian; for from there all Ida was visible, and the city of Priam was visible, and the ships of the Achaeans.
§13.15ἔνθʼ ἄρʼ ὅ γʼ ἐξ ἁλὸς ἕζετʼ ἰών, ἐλέαιρε δʼ Ἀχαιοὺς §13.16Τρωσὶν δαμναμένους, Διὶ δὲ κρατερῶς ἐνεμέσσα.
There he had sat down, coming out of the sea, and he pitied the Achaeans as they were being overcome by the Trojans, and he was fiercely angry with Zeus.
§13.17αὐτίκα δʼ ἐξ ὄρεος κατεβήσετο παιπαλόεντος §13.18κραιπνὰ ποσὶ προβιβάς· τρέμε δʼ οὔρεα μακρὰ καὶ ὕλη §13.19ποσσὶν ὑπʼ ἀθανάτοισι Ποσειδάωνος ἰόντος.
And straightway he went down from the rugged mountain, advancing with swift strides; and the high mountains and the woodland trembled beneath the immortal feet of Poseidon as he went.
§13.20τρὶς μὲν ὀρέξατʼ ἰών, τὸ δὲ τέτρατον ἵκετο τέκμωρ §13.21Αἰγάς, ἔνθα δέ οἱ κλυτὰ δώματα βένθεσι λίμνης §13.22χρύσεα μαρμαίροντα τετεύχαται ἄφθιτα αἰεί.
Three strides he made as he went, and with the fourth he reached his goal, Aegae, where his famous palace in the depths of the lake is built, golden and gleaming, imperishable forever.
§13.23ἔνθʼ ἐλθὼν ὑπʼ ὄχεσφι τιτύσκετο χαλκόποδʼ ἵππω §13.24ὠκυπέτα χρυσέῃσιν ἐθείρῃσιν κομόωντε, §13.25χρυσὸν δʼ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ, γέντο δʼ ἱμάσθλην §13.26χρυσείην εὔτυκτον, ἑοῦ δʼ ἐπεβήσετο δίφρου, §13.27βῆ δʼ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματʼ· ἄταλλε δὲ κήτεʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ §13.28πάντοθεν ἐκ κευθμῶν, οὐδʼ ἠγνοίησεν ἄνακτα· §13.29γηθοσύνῃ δὲ θάλασσα διίστατο· τοὶ δὲ πέτοντο §13.30ῥίμφα μάλʼ, οὐδʼ ὑπένερθε διαίνετο χάλκεος ἄξων· §13.31τὸν δʼ ἐς Ἀχαιῶν νῆας ἐΰσκαρθμοι φέρον ἵπποι.
Coming there, he harnessed beneath his chariot his two bronze-hoofed horses, swift-flying, with golden manes flowing, and he put gold about his body, and took his whip of gold, well-fashioned, and stepped upon his chariot, and drove over the waves; and the sea-monsters gamboled beneath him from their hiding-places everywhere, and they did not fail to recognize their lord; and in gladness the sea parted, and they flew very swiftly, and the bronze axle beneath was not wetted; and his bounding horses bore him to the ships of the Achaeans.
§13.32ἔστι δέ τι σπέος εὐρὺ βαθείης βένθεσι λίμνης §13.33μεσσηγὺς Τενέδοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης· §13.34ἔνθʼ ἵππους ἔστησε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων §13.35λύσας ἐξ ὀχέων, παρὰ δʼ ἀμβρόσιον βάλεν εἶδαρ §13.36ἔδμεναι· ἀμφὶ δὲ ποσσὶ πέδας ἔβαλε χρυσείας §13.37ἀρρήκτους ἀλύτους, ὄφρʼ ἔμπεδον αὖθι μένοιεν §13.38νοστήσαντα ἄνακτα· ὃ δʼ ἐς στρατὸν ᾤχετʼ Ἀχαιῶν.
There is a wide cave in the depths of the deep lake, midway between Tenedos and rugged Imbros; there Poseidon, the shaker of the earth, stayed his horses, unyoking them from the chariot, and cast before them ambrosial food to eat; and about their feet he put golden fetters, unbreakable and unloosable, so that they might remain firmly there waiting for their lord to return; and he went to the camp of the Achaeans.
§13.39Τρῶες δὲ φλογὶ ἶσοι ἀολλέες ἠὲ θυέλλῃ §13.40Ἕκτορι Πριαμίδῃ ἄμοτον μεμαῶτες ἕποντο §13.41ἄβρομοι αὐΐαχοι· ἔλποντο δὲ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν §13.42αἱρήσειν, κτενέειν δὲ παρʼ αὐτόθι πάντας ἀρίστους.
But the Trojans, like a flame or a storm-wind, all in a crowd followed Hector, son of Priam, with furious eagerness, shouting and crying; and they hoped to take the ships of the Achaeans, and to slay there all the bravest.
§13.43ἀλλὰ Ποσειδάων γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος §13.44Ἀργείους ὄτρυνε βαθείης ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθὼν §13.45εἰσάμενος Κάλχαντι δέμας καὶ ἀτειρέα φωνήν· §13.46Αἴαντε πρώτω προσέφη μεμαῶτε καὶ αὐτώ· §13.47Αἴαντε σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν
But Poseidon, the earth-holder and earth-shaker, urged on the Argives, coming out from the deep sea in the likeness of Calchas in form and tireless voice; and he spoke first to the two Ajaxes, who themselves were already eager: "You two Ajaxes, you shall save the people of the Achaeans if you remember your valour and not chilling fear.
§13.48ἀλκῆς μνησαμένω, μὴ δὲ κρυεροῖο φόβοιο. §13.49ἄλλῃ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγʼ οὐ δείδια χεῖρας ἀάπτους §13.50Τρώων, οἳ μέγα τεῖχος ὑπερκατέβησαν ὁμίλῳ· §13.51ἕξουσιν γὰρ πάντας ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί· §13.52τῇ δὲ δὴ αἰνότατον περιδείδια μή τι πάθωμεν, §13.53ᾗ ῥʼ ὅ γʼ ὁ λυσσώδης φλογὶ εἴκελος ἡγεμονεύει §13.54Ἕκτωρ, ὃς Διὸς εὔχετʼ ἐρισθενέος πάϊς εἶναι.
For elsewhere indeed I do not fear the hands, invincible though they are, of the Trojans, who have climbed over the great wall in a throng; for the well-greaved Achaeans will hold them all back; but here I fear most terribly lest we suffer some disaster, where that madman, like a flame, is leading them, Hector, who boasts that he is the son of almighty Zeus.
§13.55σφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν §13.56αὐτώ θʼ ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους· §13.57τώ κε καὶ ἐσσύμενόν περ ἐρωήσαιτʼ ἀπὸ νηῶν §13.58ὠκυπόρων, εἰ καί μιν Ὀλύμπιος αὐτὸς ἐγείρει. §13.59ἦ καὶ σκηπανίῳ γαιήοχος ἐννοσίγαιος §13.60ἀμφοτέρω κεκοπὼς keko/pwn in 1920 reprint πλῆσεν μένεος κρατεροῖο, §13.61γυῖα δʼ ἔθηκεν ἐλαφρὰ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας ὕπερθεν.
If only some god might put it into the hearts of you two to stand firmly yourselves and to bid the others do the same; then you might drive him back, eager though he is, from the swift-faring ships, even if the Olympian himself is urging him on." So saying, the earth-holder and earth-shaker struck both of them with his staff and filled them with strong courage, and made their limbs light, their feet and their hands above.
§13.62αὐτὸς δʼ ὥς τʼ ἴρηξ ὠκύπτερος ὦρτο πέτεσθαι, §13.63ὅς ῥά τʼ ἀπʼ αἰγίλιπος πέτρης περιμήκεος ἀρθεὶς §13.64ὁρμήσῃ πεδίοιο διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο, §13.65ὣς ἀπὸ τῶν ἤϊξε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων.
And he himself, like a swift-winged hawk that rises from a sheer, towering cliff to chase another bird over the plain, so from them sped Poseidon, the shaker of the earth.
§13.66τοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω πρόσθεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας, §13.67αἶψα δʼ ἄρʼ Αἴαντα προσέφη Τελαμώνιον υἱόν· §13.68Αἶαν ἐπεί τις νῶϊ θεῶν οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσι §13.69μάντεϊ εἰδόμενος κέλεται παρὰ νηυσὶ μάχεσθαι, §13.70οὐδʼ ὅ γε Κάλχας ἐστὶ θεοπρόπος οἰωνιστής·
And of the two, swift Ajax, son of Oileus, recognized him first, and straightway spoke to Ajax, son of Telamon: "Ajax, since one of the gods who hold Olympus in the likeness of the seer bids us fight by the ships— for he is not Calchas, the prophetic bird-diviner;"

Notes

  1. §13.2τοὺς μὲν ἔα ... πόνον τʼ ἐχέμεν — The subject of the infinitive `ἐχέμεν` (Homeric present infinitive) is the accusative `τοὺς` (referring to the Trojans and Achaeans), which functions as the object of the verb `ἔα` (unaugmented 3rd sg. imperfect of `ἐάω`), meaning 'he left them to have/endure toil.'
  2. §13.8οὐ γὰρ ὅ γʼ ἀθανάτων τινα ἔλπετο ὃν κατὰ θυμὸν ἐλθόντʼ ἢ Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν ἢ Δαναοῖσιν. — An Accusativus cum Infinitivo (A.C.I.) construction follows `ἔλπετο`. The accusative `τινα` (with the genitive `ἀθανάτων`) serves as the subject of the future infinitive `ἀρηξέμεν`, with the participle `ἐλθόντα` agreeing with the subject.
  3. §13.10οὐδʼ ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε — Literally 'nor did he keep a blind watch,' an idiomatic double negative expression meaning 'he kept a sharp watch' or 'did not fail to observe.'
  4. §13.55σφῶϊν δʼ ὧδε θεῶν τις ἐνὶ φρεσὶ ποιήσειεν — The optative `ποιήσειεν` expresses a wish ('may some god put...'). `σφῶϊν` is the second person dual dative, meaning 'for you two' or 'in the mind of you two.'
  5. §13.66τοῖιν δʼ ἔγνω πρόσθεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας — The dual genitive `τοῖιν` functions as a partitive genitive ('of the two'), used here with `πρόσθεν` ('first,' in a temporal sense).

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §13.1-13.70. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:13.1-13.70

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