Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §11.1-11.73

Arming of Agamemnon and the Clash of Armies

Passage 91 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Aroused by the cry of the goddess Strife, Agamemnon equips himself with magnificent armor and leads the Achaeans into a fierce clash against the Trojans.

§11.1Ἠὼς δʼ ἐκ λεχέων παρʼ ἀγαυοῦ Τιθωνοῖο §11.2ὄρνυθʼ, ἵνʼ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσι· §11.3Ζεὺς δʼ Ἔριδα προΐαλλε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν §11.4ἀργαλέην, πολέμοιο τέρας μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχουσαν.
Dawn rose from her bed from beside lordly Tithonus, to bring light to immortals and to mortal men; and Zeus sent forth Strife to the swift ships of the Achaeans, dread Strife, holding in her hands a portent of war.
§11.5στῆ δʼ ἐπʼ Ὀδυσσῆος μεγακήτεϊ νηῒ μελαίνῃ, §11.6ἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε γεγωνέμεν ἀμφοτέρωσε, §11.7ἠμὲν ἐπʼ Αἴαντος κλισίας Τελαμωνιάδαο §11.8ἠδʼ ἐπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος, τοί ῥʼ ἔσχατα νῆας ἐΐσας §11.9εἴρυσαν ἠνορέῃ πίσυνοι καὶ κάρτεϊ χειρῶν
And she stood upon Odysseus' huge, black ship, which was in the midst so that her voice could reach both ways, both to the shelters of Ajax, son of Telamon, and to those of Achilles; for they had drawn up their even ships at the very ends, trusting in their valor and the strength of their hands.
§11.10ἔνθα στᾶσʼ ἤϋσε θεὰ μέγα τε δεινόν τε §11.11ὄρθιʼ, Ἀχαιοῖσιν δὲ μέγα σθένος ἔμβαλʼ ἑκάστῳ §11.12καρδίῃ ἄληκτον πολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι.
Standing there, the goddess uttered a great and terrible cry, shrill and high, and in the heart of each of the Achaeans she cast great strength to war and fight unceasingly.
§11.13τοῖσι δʼ ἄφαρ πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετʼ ἠὲ νέεσθαι §11.14ἐν νηυσὶ γλαφυρῇσι φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν.
And to them, war straightway became sweeter than to return in the hollow ships to their dear native land.
§11.15Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἐβόησεν ἰδὲ ζώννυσθαι ἄνωγεν §11.16Ἀργείους· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκόν.
Then the son of Atreus shouted aloud and bade the Argives gird themselves; and he himself put on his gleaming bronze.
§11.17κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε §11.18καλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας· §11.19δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνε,
First he placed the greaves about his shins, beautiful greaves, fitted with silver ankle-guards; next, he put on his breastplate about his chest, which once Cinyras had given him to be a guest-gift.
§11.20τόν ποτέ οἱ Κινύρης δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι. §11.21πεύθετο γὰρ Κύπρον δὲ μέγα κλέος οὕνεκʼ Ἀχαιοὶ §11.22ἐς Τροίην νήεσσιν ἀναπλεύσεσθαι ἔμελλον· §11.23τοὔνεκά οἱ τὸν δῶκε χαριζόμενος βασιλῆϊ.
For he heard in Cyprus a great rumor that the Achaeans were about to sail to Troy in their ships; wherefore he gave it to him, to do pleasure to the king.
§11.24τοῦ δʼ ἤτοι δέκα οἶμοι ἔσαν μέλανος κυάνοιο, §11.25δώδεκα δὲ χρυσοῖο καὶ εἴκοσι κασσιτέροιο· §11.26κυάνεοι δὲ δράκοντες ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρὴν §11.27τρεῖς ἑκάτερθʼ ἴρισσιν ἐοικότες, ἅς τε Κρονίων §11.28ἐν νέφεϊ στήριξε, τέρας μερόπων ἀνθρώπων.
On it indeed were ten bands of dark enamel, and twelve of gold, and twenty of tin; and serpents of dark enamel stretched toward the neck, three on either side, like the rainbows which the son of Cronos has set in the cloud to be a sign to mortal men.
§11.29ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος· ἐν δέ οἱ ἧλοι §11.30χρύσειοι πάμφαινον, ἀτὰρ περὶ κουλεὸν ἦεν §11.31ἀργύρεον χρυσέοισιν ἀορτήρεσσιν ἀρηρός.
And about his shoulders he cast his sword, whereon studs of gold shone bright, and about it was a sheath of silver, fitted with golden hangers.
§11.32ἂν δʼ ἕλετʼ ἀμφιβρότην πολυδαίδαλον ἀσπίδα θοῦριν §11.33καλήν, ἣν πέρι μὲν κύκλοι δέκα χάλκεοι ἦσαν, §11.34ἐν δέ οἱ ὀμφαλοὶ ἦσαν ἐείκοσι κασσιτέροιο §11.35λευκοί, ἐν δὲ μέσοισιν ἔην μέλανος κυάνοιο.
And he took up his shield, covering the whole man, richly wrought, furious, and beautiful, around which were ten circles of bronze, and on it were twenty bosses of tin, white, and in the midst was one of dark enamel.
§11.36τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ μὲν Γοργὼ βλοσυρῶπις ἐστεφάνωτο §11.37δεινὸν δερκομένη, περὶ δὲ Δεῖμός τε Φόβος τε.
And thereon was set as a crown the Gorgon, grim of aspect, glaring terribly, and about her were Dread and Terror.
§11.38τῆς δʼ ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν· αὐτὰρ ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ §11.39κυάνεος ἐλέλικτο δράκων, κεφαλαὶ δέ οἱ ἦσαν §11.40τρεῖς ἀμφιστρεφέες ἑνὸς αὐχένος ἐκπεφυυῖαι.
From the shield was a shoulder-strap of silver, and upon it a serpent of dark enamel was writhed, and its heads were three, reared from one neck and turning every way.
§11.41κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἀμφίφαλον κυνέην θέτο τετραφάληρον §11.42ἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν.
And upon his head he set his helmet with two horns and four bosses, with horsehair crest, and terribly did the plume nod from above.
§11.43εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμα δοῦρε δύω κεκορυθμένα χαλκῷ §11.44ὀξέα· τῆλε δὲ χαλκὸς ἀπʼ αὐτόφιν οὐρανὸν εἴσω §11.45λάμπʼ· ἐπὶ δʼ ἐγδούπησαν Ἀθηναίη τε καὶ Ἥρη §11.46τιμῶσαι βασιλῆα πολυχρύσοιο Μυκήνης.
And he took two strong spears, tipped with bronze, sharp, and far from them did the bronze gleam into heaven; and thereat thundered Athena and Hera, doing honor to the king of Mycenae rich in gold.
§11.47ἡνιόχῳ μὲν ἔπειτα ἑῷ ἐπέτελλεν ἕκαστος §11.48ἵππους εὖ κατὰ κόσμον ἐρυκέμεν αὖθʼ ἐπὶ τάφρῳ, §11.49αὐτοὶ δὲ πρυλέες σὺν τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες §11.50ῥώοντʼ· ἄσβεστος δὲ βοὴ γένετʼ ἠῶθι πρό.
Then each man charged his own charioteer to hold the horses well in order there at the trench, but they themselves, on foot, harnessed in their armor, rushed forward; and an unquenchable clamor arose before the dawn.
§11.51φθὰν δὲ μέγʼ ἱππήων ἐπὶ τάφρῳ κοσμηθέντες, §11.52ἱππῆες δʼ ὀλίγον μετεκίαθον· ἐν δὲ κυδοιμὸν §11.53ὦρσε κακὸν Κρονίδης, κατὰ δʼ ὑψόθεν ἧκεν ἐέρσας §11.54αἵματι μυδαλέας ἐξ αἰθέρος, οὕνεκʼ ἔμελλε §11.55πολλὰς ἰφθίμους κεφαλὰς Ἄϊδι προϊάψειν.
Far ahead of the horsemen were they marshaled at the trench, and the horsemen followed close after; but among them the son of Cronos aroused an evil tumult, and from on high sent down dews wet with blood from the ether, because he was minded to cast down many a mighty head to Hades.
§11.56Τρῶες δʼ αὖθʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐπὶ θρωσμῷ πεδίοιο §11.57Ἕκτορά τʼ ἀμφὶ μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα Πουλυδάμαντα §11.58Αἰνείαν θʼ, ὃς Τρωσὶ θεὸς ὣς τίετο δήμῳ, §11.59τρεῖς τʼ Ἀντηνορίδας Πόλυβον καὶ Ἀγήνορα δῖον §11.60ἠΐθεόν τʼ Ἀκάμαντʼ ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν.
And the Trojans on the other side, on the rising ground of the plain, gathered about great Hector and blameless Polydamas and Aeneas, who was honored by the Trojan folk even as a god, and the three sons of Antenor, Polybus and noble Agenor, and youthful Acamas, peer of the immortals.
§11.61Ἕκτωρ δʼ ἐν πρώτοισι φέρʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσʼ ἐΐσην, §11.62οἷος δʼ ἐκ νεφέων ἀναφαίνεται οὔλιος ἀστὴρ §11.63παμφαίνων, τοτὲ δʼ αὖτις ἔδυ νέφεα σκιόεντα, §11.64ὣς Ἕκτωρ ὁτὲ μέν τε μετὰ πρώτοισι φάνεσκεν, §11.65ἄλλοτε δʼ ἐν πυμάτοισι κελεύων· πᾶς δʼ ἄρα χαλκῷ §11.66λάμφʼ ὥς τε στεροπὴ πατρὸς Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο.
And Hector in the forefront bore his shield, even on every side; and as from the clouds a baneful star appears, all-gleaming, and then again sinks into the shadowy clouds, so Hector would now appear among the foremost, and now among the hindmost, giving commands; and all in bronze he shone like the lightning of father Zeus who bears the aegis.
§11.67οἳ δʼ, ὥς τʼ ἀμητῆρες ἐναντίοι ἀλλήλοισιν §11.68ὄγμον ἐλαύνωσιν ἀνδρὸς μάκαρος κατʼ ἄρουραν §11.69πυρῶν ἢ κριθῶν· τὰ δὲ δράγματα ταρφέα πίπτει· §11.70ὣς Τρῶες καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοισι θορόντες §11.71δῄουν, οὐδʼ ἕτεροι μνώοντʼ ὀλοοῖο φόβοιο.
And they, like reapers who over against one another drive their swaths along the field of a rich man, of wheat or of barley, and the handfuls fall thick and fast, so the Trojans and Achaeans leapt upon one another and slew, and neither side took thought of ruinous flight.
§11.72ἴσας δʼ ὑσμίνη κεφαλὰς ἔχεν, οἳ δὲ λύκοι ὣς §11.73θῦνον· Ἔρις δʼ ἄρʼ ἔχαιρε πολύστονος εἰσορόωσα·
And the battle held their heads equal, and like wolves they rushed; and Strife, rich in groans, rejoiced as she looked on.

Notes

  1. 11.6γεγωνέμεν — The infinitive γεγωνέμεν (to make oneself heard) functions adverbially to express purpose or result within the relative clause ἥ ῥʼ ἐν μεσσάτῳ ἔσκε, meaning 'so as to make his voice heard in both directions.' The grammatical subject of the clause is the ship (νηῒ).
  2. 11.21Κύπρον δὲ — The proper noun Κύπρος combined with the directional suffix -δε, meaning 'to Cyprus.' Rather than directly modifying the preceding verb πεύθετο (he heard), it implies a pregnant construction: 'the rumor reached as far as Cyprus, where he heard it.'
  3. 11.51φθὰν δὲ μέγʼ ἱππήων — The verb φθὰν is the shortened 3rd person plural active aorist (or imperfect) of φθάνω (to anticipate, be beforehand). Together with the genitive of comparison ἱππήων (than the horsemen) and the adverbial accusative μέγα (greatly), it forms a construction meaning 'they were beforehand by far, prior to the horsemen.'
  4. 11.72ἴσας δʼ ὑσμίνη κεφαλὰς ἔχεν — Literally 'the battle held their heads equal,' a figurative expression indicating that the battle was deadlocked and both sides fought on equal terms. Here, ὑσμίνη (battle) is the subject of the sentence, and ἴσας ... κεφαλάς (equal heads, i.e., forces) is the direct object.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §11.1-11.73. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.1-11.73

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