Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §1.204-1.270

The Oath of Achilles and Nestor's Mediation

Passage 4 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Athena persuades the enraged Achilles to sheathe his sword, leading him to fiercely denounce Agamemnon and swear a solemn oath. The aged counselor Nestor then rises to intervene, urging reconciliation by recalling the great heroes of his youth.

§1.204ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τελέεσθαι ὀΐω· §1.205ᾗς ὑπεροπλίῃσι τάχʼ ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέσσῃ. §1.206τὸν δʼ αὖτε προσέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη· §1.207ἦλθον ἐγὼ παύσουσα τὸ σὸν μένος, αἴ κε πίθηαι, §1.208οὐρανόθεν· πρὸ δέ μʼ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη §1.209ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουσά τε κηδομένη τε·
"But I will tell you, and I think this will also be brought to pass: by his own insolent acts he may soon lose his life." Then the flashing-eyed goddess Athena addressed him in turn: "I came from heaven to stay your anger, if you will obey, and the white-armed goddess Hera sent me ahead, loving and caring for both of you alike in her heart.
§1.210ἀλλʼ ἄγε λῆγʼ ἔριδος, μηδὲ ξίφος ἕλκεο χειρί· §1.211ἀλλʼ ἤτοι ἔπεσιν μὲν ὀνείδισον ὡς ἔσεταί περ· §1.212ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεσμένον ἔσται· §1.213καί ποτέ τοι τρὶς τόσσα παρέσσεται ἀγλαὰ δῶρα §1.214ὕβριος εἵνεκα τῆσδε· σὺ δʼ ἴσχεο, πείθεο δʼ ἡμῖν. §1.215τὴν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· §1.216χρὴ μὲν σφωΐτερόν γε θεὰ ἔπος εἰρύσσασθαι §1.217καὶ μάλα περ θυμῷ κεχολωμένον· ὧς γὰρ ἄμεινον· §1.218ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται μάλα τʼ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ. §1.219ἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀργυρέῃ κώπῃ σχέθε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν, §1.220ἂψ δʼ ἐς κουλεὸν ὦσε μέγα ξίφος, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε §1.221μύθῳ Ἀθηναίης· ἣ δʼ Οὔλυμπον δὲ βεβήκει §1.222δώματʼ ἐς αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς μετὰ δαίμονας ἄλλους.
Come, cease from strife, and do not draw the sword with your hand; but indeed, reproach him with words, telling him how it will be; for thus I will speak to you, and this shall indeed be brought to pass: some day three times as many glorious gifts shall be yours because of this outrage; but refrain, and obey us." Then swift-footed Achilles answered her and said: "It is necessary, O goddess, to observe the word of you two, even though a man be very angry in his heart; for thus it is better; whoever obeys the gods, to him they especially listen." He spoke, and stayed his heavy hand upon the silver hilt, and back into its sheath he thrust the great sword, nor did he disobey the word of Athena; and she had gone to Olympus, to the palace of aegis-bearing Zeus, to join the other gods.
§1.223Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἐξαῦτις ἀταρτηροῖς ἐπέεσσιν §1.224Ἀτρεΐδην προσέειπε, καὶ οὔ πω λῆγε χόλοιο· §1.225οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματʼ ἔχων, κραδίην δʼ ἐλάφοιο, §1.226οὔτέ ποτʼ ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι §1.227οὔτε λόχον δʼ ἰέναι σὺν ἀριστήεσσιν Ἀχαιῶν §1.228τέτληκας θυμῷ· τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι.
But the son of Peleus again with harsh words addressed the son of Atreus, and did not yet cease from his anger: "You heavy with wine, having the eyes of a dog but the heart of a deer, never have you dared in your heart to arm yourself for war along with the host, nor to go into an ambush with the chiefs of the Achaeans; for that seems to you to be death itself.
§1.229ἦ πολὺ λώϊόν ἐστι κατὰ στρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν §1.230δῶρʼ ἀποαιρεῖσθαι ὅς τις σέθεν ἀντίον εἴπῃ· §1.231δημοβόρος βασιλεὺς ἐπεὶ οὐτιδανοῖσιν ἀνάσσεις· §1.232ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο.
It is surely much better throughout the wide camp of the Achaeans to take away the gifts of whoever speaks against you, you people-devouring king, since you rule over nonentities; otherwise, son of Atreus, you would now outrage for the last time.
§1.233ἀλλʼ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι· §1.234ναὶ μὰ τόδε σκῆπτρον, τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους §1.235φύσει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεσσι λέλοιπεν, §1.236οὐδʼ ἀναθηλήσει· περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψε §1.237φύλλά τε καὶ φλοιόν· νῦν αὖτέ μιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν §1.238ἐν παλάμῃς φορέουσι δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας §1.239πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται· ὃ δέ τοι μέγας ἔσσεται ὅρκος· §1.240ἦ ποτʼ Ἀχιλλῆος ποθὴ ἵξεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν §1.241σύμπαντας· τότε δʼ οὔ τι δυνήσεαι ἀχνύμενός περ §1.242χραισμεῖν, εὖτʼ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο §1.243θνήσκοντες πίπτωσι· σὺ δʼ ἔνδοθι θυμὸν ἀμύξεις §1.244χωόμενος ὅ τʼ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισας. §1.245ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ §1.246χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δʼ αὐτός· §1.247Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐμήνιε·
But I will speak to you, and will swear a great oath upon it: yea, by this scepter, which shall never put forth leaves and shoots, since it first left its stump in the mountains, nor will it sprout again; for the bronze has stripped it of leaves and bark; and now the sons of the Achaeans who administer justice bear it in their hands, they who guard the laws from Zeus; and this shall be a great oath to you: surely some day a longing for Achilles will come upon the sons of the Achaeans one and all; and then you will not be able, though deeply grieving, to help them at all, when many shall fall dying by the hand of man-slaying Hector; and you will gnaw your heart within you, angry that you did not honor the best of the Achaeans at all." So spoke the son of Peleus, and cast the scepter to the earth studded with golden nails, and sat down himself; and the son of Atreus on the other side was raging.
τοῖσι δὲ Νέστωρ §1.248ἡδυεπὴς ἀνόρουσε λιγὺς Πυλίων ἀγορητής, §1.249τοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ γλώσσης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή·
Then among them Nestor of sweet speech arose, the clear-voiced orator of the Pylians, from whose tongue flowed speech sweeter than honey.
§1.250τῷ δʼ ἤδη δύο μὲν γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων §1.251ἐφθίαθʼ, οἵ οἱ πρόσθεν ἅμα τράφεν ἠδʼ ἐγένοντο §1.252ἐν Πύλῳ ἠγαθέῃ, μετὰ δὲ τριτάτοισιν ἄνασσεν·
In his time already two generations of mortal men had passed away, who in former days were nurtured and born with him in sacred Pylos, and he was ruling among the third.
§1.253ὅ σφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήσατο καὶ μετέειπεν· §1.254ὦ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιΐδα γαῖαν ἱκάνει· §1.255ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες §1.256ἄλλοι τε Τρῶες μέγα κεν κεχαροίατο θυμῷ §1.257εἰ σφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιϊν, §1.258οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δʼ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι.
He with good intent harangued them and spoke among them: "Ah, surely a great grief comes upon the Achaean land; surely Priam would rejoice, and the sons of Priam, and the other Trojans would be greatly glad in their hearts, if they should hear all these things of you two fighting, who are superior to the Danaans in counsel, and superior in battle.
§1.259ἀλλὰ πίθεσθʼ· ἄμφω δὲ νεωτέρω ἐστὸν ἐμεῖο· §1.260ἤδη γάρ ποτʼ ἐγὼ καὶ ἀρείοσιν ἠέ περ ὑμῖν §1.261ἀνδράσιν ὡμίλησα, καὶ οὔ ποτέ μʼ οἵ γʼ ἀθέριζον.
But obey; you are both younger than I; for already in times past I have associated with men even better than you, and never did they disregard me.
§1.262οὐ γάρ πω τοίους ἴδον ἀνέρας οὐδὲ ἴδωμαι, §1.263οἷον Πειρίθοόν τε Δρύαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν §1.264Καινέα τʼ Ἐξάδιόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον §1.265Θησέα τʼ Αἰγεΐδην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοισιν·
For never yet have I seen such men, nor shall I ever see them, such as Peirithoos and Dryas, shepherd of the people, and Caineus and Exadios and godlike Polyphemos, and Theseus, son of Aegeus, like unto the immortals.
§1.266κάρτιστοι δὴ κεῖνοι ἐπιχθονίων τράφεν ἀνδρῶν· §1.267κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο §1.268φηρσὶν ὀρεσκῴοισι καὶ ἐκπάγλως ἀπόλεσσαν.
Strongest indeed were they reared of mortal men on earth; strongest indeed they were, and with the strongest they fought, with the beasts that dwell in the mountains, and terribly destroyed them.
§1.269καὶ μὲν τοῖσιν ἐγὼ μεθομίλεον ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν §1.270τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης· καλέσαντο γὰρ αὐτοί·
And indeed with them I associated, when I came from Pylos, from afar, from a distant land; for they themselves called me;

Notes

  1. 1.207αἴ κε πίθηαι — αἴ κε is the Homeric equivalent of εἴ κεν ("if"), here introducing a conditional clause with the subjunctive middle second person singular πίθηαι ("you obey"). It expresses a mild expectation or contingency ("in the hope that you might obey").
  2. 1.216σφωΐτερόν γε — The second-person dual possessive adjective σφωΐτερος ("of you two") refers to both Hera (who sent Athena) and Athena herself. It modifies the accusative noun ἔπος ("word"), indicating that Achilles must respect the command of both goddesses.
  3. 1.232ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεΐδη νῦν ὕστατα λωβήσαιο — The combination of the particle ἄν with the aorist optative λωβήσαιο functions in Homer to express a past contrary-to-fact potential. It suggests that, but for Athena's intervention, this would have been Agamemnon's final act of outrage.
  4. 1.258περὶ μὲν βουλὴν ... περὶ δʼ ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι — The preposition περί is used here adverbially or in tmesis (as if with a verb of being, like περίειμι, "to surpass"), modifying both the accusative βουλὴν ("counsel") and the infinitive μάχεσθαι ("to fight"). It emphasizes that the two leaders surpass others in both council and battle.
  5. 1.262οὐδέ ἴδωμαι — The subjunctive ἴδωμαι combined with the negative οὐδέ functions here to express a strong denial of a future possibility ("nor shall I ever see"). It contrasts with the past indicative ἴδον ("I saw"), emphasizing Nestor's conviction that such men will never exist again.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §1.204-1.270. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.204-1.270

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