§19ὑπολαβὼν δʼ ὁ Θέων
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μέν
εἶπε
μεγάλας ἔσχηκε τῷ ὄντι παραλλαγὰς καὶ καινοτομίας τῶν δʼ ἐνταῦθα πολλοὺς ἴσμεν χρησοὺς καὶ τότε καταλογάδην ἐκφερομένους καὶ περὶ πραγμάτων οὐ τῶν τυχόντων·
Theon taking up the discourse said: "But these things indeed have truly undergone great changes and innovations, yet we know that many of the oracles here even in those days were delivered in prose, and that too concerning no ordinary matters.
Λακεδαιμονίοις τε γάρ, ὡς Θουκυδίδης ἱστόρηκε, περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους πολέμου χρωμένοις ἀνεῖλε νίκην καὶ κράτος, καὶ βοηθήσειν αὐτὸς καὶ παρακαλούμενος καὶ ἀπαράκλητος· καὶ Παυσανίαν εἰ μὴ καταγάγοιεν
ἀργυρέᾳ εὐλάκᾳ εὐλάξειν
Ἀθηναίοις δὲ περὶ τῆς ἐν Σικελίᾳ μαντευομένοις στρατιᾶς προσέταξε τὴν ἐξ Ἐρυθρῶν ἱέρειαν ἀνάγειν τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς· ἐκαλεῖτο δʼ Ἡσυχία τὸ γύναιον.
For to the Lacedaemonians, as Thucydides has recorded, when they consulted the oracle about the war against the Athenians, the god declared victory and power, and that he himself would help them, both when called upon and uncalled; and concerning Pausanias, that if they did not recall him, he would plow with a silver plow. And to the Athenians, when they consulted the oracle about their expedition in Sicily, he commanded them to bring the priestess of Athena from Erythrae; and the woman's name was Hesychia (Quiet).
Δεινομένους δὲ τοῦ Σικελιώτου μαντευομένου περὶ τῶν υἱέων, ἀνεῖλεν ὡς οἱ τρεῖς τυραννήσοιεν·
And when Deinomenes the Sicilian consulted the oracle about his sons, the god declared that all three should be tyrants.
ὑποτυχόντος δὲ τοῦ Δεινομένους
οἰμωξόμενοί γʼ ὦ δέσποτʼ Ἄπολλον,
καὶ τοῦθʼ οἱ ἔφη διδόναι καὶ προσαναιρεῖν;
And when Deinomenes muttered: 'To their sorrow then, O Lord Apollo!' the god said that he granted and added this also.
ἴστε τοίνυν, ὅτι Γέλων μὲν ὑδρωπιῶν Ἱέρων δὲ λιθιῶν ἐτυράννησεν ὁ δὲ τρίτος Θρασύβουλος ἐν στάσεσι καὶ πολέμοις γενόμενος χρόνον οὐ πολὺν ἐξέπεσε τῆς ἀρχῆς.
You know, then, that Gelon reigned as a tyrant while suffering from dropsy, Hieron while suffering from the stone, and the third, Thrasybulus, having fallen into factions and wars, was expelled from his rule after no long time.
Προκλῆς τοίνυν ὁ Ἐπιδαύρου τύραννος ἄλλους τε πολλοὺς ὠμῶς καὶ παρανόμως ἀνεῖλε καὶ Τίμαρχον ἀπʼ Ἀθηνῶν παραγενόμενον μετὰ χρημάτων πρὸς αὐτὸν ὑποδεξάμενος καὶ φιλοφρονηθεὶς ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ τὸ σῶμα κατεπόντισεν ἐμβαλὼν εἰς φορμόν· ἔπραξε δὲ ταῦτα διὰ Κλεάνδρου τοῦ Αἰγινήτου, τῶν ἄλλων ἀγνοούντων.
Furthermore, Procles the tyrant of Epidaurus put many others to death cruelly and illegally, and having received Timarchus, who had come from Athens with money, and having treated him with hospitality, he slew him, and having put his body into a hamper, he sank it in the sea; and he did these things through Cleander of Aegina, while the others remained ignorant.
ὕστερον δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτῷ ταραττομένων, ἔπεμψεν ἐνταῦθα Κλεότιμον τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ μαντευσόμενον περὶ φυγῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ μεταστάσεως.
Afterwards, when his affairs were in confusion, he sent Cleotimus his brother hither in secret to consult the oracle about his own flight and removal.
ἀνεῖλεν οὖν ὁ θεὸς διδόναι Προκλεῖ φυγὴν καὶ μετάστασιν, ὅπου τὸν φορμὸν ἐκέλευσε καταθέσθαι τὸν Αἰγινήτην ξένον ἢ ὅπου τὸ κέρας; ἀποβάλλει ὁ ἔλαφος.
The god then declared that he granted Procles flight and removal to the place where he had commanded the Aeginetan stranger to deposit the hamper, or where the stag casts his horn.
συνεὶς οὖν ὁ τύραννος, ὅτι κελεύει καταποντίζειν αὑτὸν ἢ κατορύττειν ὁ θεὸς (οἱ γὰρ ἔλαφοι κατορύττουσι καὶ ἀφανίζουσι κατὰ τῆς γῆς ὅταν ἐκπέσῃ τὸ κέρας), ἐπέσχεν ὀλίγον χρόνον, εἶτα τῶν πραγμάτων παντάπασι μοχθηρῶν γενομένων, ἐξέπεσε.
The tyrant then, understanding that the god commanded him to be drowned or buried (for stags bury and hide their horns under the earth when they fall off), held out for a short time, and then, his affairs becoming altogether wretched, he was expelled.
λαβόντες δʼ αὐτὸν οἱ τοῦ Τιμάρχου φίλοι καὶ διαφθείραντες ἐξέβαλον τὸν νεκρὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.
And the friends of Timarchus having caught him and slain him, threw his corpse into the sea.
ὃ δʼ ἐστὶ μέγιστον, αἱ ῥῆτραι, διʼ ὧν ἐκόσμησε τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων πολιτείαν Λυκοῦργος, ἐδόθησαν αὐτῷ καταλογάδην.
And what is most important, the rhetras (laws) by which Lycurgus regulated the Lacedaemonian constitution, were given to him in prose.
Ἀλυρίου τοίνυν καὶ Ἡροδότου καὶ Φιλοχόρου καὶ Ἴστρου, τῶν μάλιστα τὰς ἐμμέτρους μαντείας φιλοτιμηθέντων συναγαγεῖν, ἄνευ μέτρου χρησμοὺς γεγραφότων, Θεόπομπος οὐδενὸς ἧττον ἀνθρώπων ἐσπουδακὼς περὶ· τὸ χρηστήριον, ἰσχυρῶς ἐπιτετίμηκε τοῖς μὴ νομίζουσι κατὰ τὸν τότε χρόνον ἔμμετρα τὴν Πυθίαν θεσπίζειν· εἶτα τοῦτο βουλόμενος ἀποδεῖξαι, παντάπασιν ὀλίγων χρησμῶν ηὐπόρηκεν, ὡς τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τότʼ ἤδη καταλογάδην ἐκφερομένων.
Moreover, although Alyrius, Herodotus, Philochorus, and Istrus, who were most eager in collecting metrical oracles, have recorded oracles without measure, yet Theopompus, who was as zealous as any man about the oracle, strongly rebuked those who did not believe that the Pythia in those days delivered her oracles in verse; and then, wishing to prove this, he found himself supplied with very few oracles, as the others even then were already delivered in prose.
§20ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ νῦν μετὰ μέτρων ἐκτρέχουσιν ὧν ἕνεκα καὶ πρᾶγμα περιβόητον πεποίηκε.
But even now some oracles run out in verse, because of which indeed a certain celebrated incident has been caused.
μισογύνου γὰρ Ἡρακλέους ἱερόν ἐστιν ἐν τῇ Φωκίδι, καὶ νομίζεται τὸν ἱερώμενον ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ γυναικὶ μὴ ὁμιλεῖν διὸ καὶ πρεσβύτας ἐπιεικῶς ἱερεῖς ἀπθδείκνύθυσι, πλὴν ἔμπροσθεν νεανίας οὐ πονηρὸς φιλότιμος, ἐρῶν παιδίσκης, ἔλαβε τὴν ἱερωσύνην καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἦν ἐγκρατὴς ἑαυτοῦ καὶ ἔφευγε τὴν ἄνθρωπον ἀναπαυομένῳ δʼ, αὐτῷ ποτε μετὰ πότον καὶ χορείαν προσπεσοῦσα διεπράξατο.
For there is a temple of misogynous Hercules in Phocis, and it is the custom that the person who is priest should not associate with a woman during the year; for which reason they usually appoint elderly men as priests. Except that formerly a young man, not bad but ambitious, being in love with a girl, obtained the priesthood; and at first he was master of himself and avoided the woman; but once when he was resting after drinking and dancing, she fell upon him and accomplished her purpose.
φοβούμενος οὖν καὶ ταραττόμενος τὸ μαντεῖον κατέφυγε, καὶ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας ἠρώτα τὸν θεὸν εἴ τις εἴη παραίτησις ἢ λύσις· ἔλαβε δὲ τόνδε τὸν χρησμὸν
"ἅπαντα τἀναγκαῖα συγχωρεῖ θεός"
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ δοὺς ἄν τις, ὡς οὐδὲν ἄνευ μέτρου θεσπίζεται καθʼ ἡμᾶς, μᾶλλον διαπορήσει περὶ τῶν παλαιῶν ποτὲ μὲν ἐν μέτροις ποτὲ δʼ ἄνευ μέτρων διδόντων τὰς ἀποκρίσεις.
Being therefore afraid and troubled, he fled to the oracle, and asked the god concerning his sin, if there were any deprecation or release; and he received this oracle: 'God pardons all things that are necessary.' Perhaps, even if one should grant that nothing is delivered without measure in our times, he will rather be at a loss concerning the ancients, who sometimes in verse, and sometimes without verse, gave their answers.
ἔστι δʼ οὐδέτερον, ὦ παῖ, παράλογον, μόνον ἂν ὀρθὰς καὶ καθαρὰς περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ δόξας ἔχωμεν, καὶ μὴ νομίζωμεν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον εἶναι τὸν τὰ ἔπη συντιθέντα πρότερον καὶ νῦν ὑποβάλλοντα τῇ Πυθίᾳ τοὺς χρησμούς, ὥσπερ ἐκ προσωπείων φθεγγόμενον.
And neither of these, my son, is unreasonable, if only we have right and pure opinions concerning the god, and do not think that he himself composed the verses formerly, and now suggests the oracles to the Pythia, speaking as if from behind masks."