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Euripides · Alcestis §889-1001

Admetus' Lamentation and Choric Ode to Necessity

Passage 11 of 13 · Greek

Summary

Admetus returns to his house and laments his profound isolation and shameful state of survival, contrasting his present grief with his joyful wedding day. The Chorus sings of the inescapable power of Necessity (Ananke), comforting Admetus by assuring him that Alcestis will be revered like a deity.

§889—τύχα τύχα δυσπάλαιστος ἥκει·
Chorus: Fortune, a fortune hard to wrestle with, has come.
§889bαἰαῖ.
Admetus: Alas!
§890—πέρας δέ γ’ οὐδὲν ἀλγέων τίθης.
Chorus: And yet you place no end to your grief.
§890bἒ ἔ.
Admetus: Ah, ah!
§891—βαρέα μὲν φέρειν, ὅμως δὲ. . .
Chorus: Heavy to bear, but still...
§891bφεῦ φεῦ.
Admetus: Alas, alas!
§892—τλᾶθʼ· οὐ σὺ πρῶτος ὤλεσας. . .
Chorus: Endure; you are not the first to lose...
§892bἰώ μοί μοι.
Admetus: Ah me, ah me!
§893—γυναῖκα·
Chorus:...a wife.
συμφορὰ δ’ ἑτέρους ἑτέρα §894πιέζει φανεῖσα θνατῶν.
One misfortune after another presses upon and crushes mortal men.
§895ὦ μακρὰ πένθη λῦπαί τε φίλων §896τῶν ὑπὸ γαῖαν.
Admetus: O long mournings and griefs for loved ones under the earth!
§897τί μ’ ἐκώλυσας ῥῖψαι τύμβου §898τάφρον ἐς κοίλην καὶ μετ’ ἐκείνης §899τῆς μέγ’ ἀρίστης κεῖσθαι φθίμενον;
Why did you prevent me from throwing myself into the hollow trench of the tomb, and lying dead with her, who was by far the best?
§900δύο δ’ ἀντὶ μιᾶς Ἅιδης ψυχὰς §901τὰς πιστοτάτας σὺν ἂν ἔσχεν, ὁμοῦ §902χθονίαν λίμνην διαβάντε.
Hades would have held two most faithful souls instead of one, crossing together the subterranean lake.
§903ἐμοί τις ἦν §904ἐν γένει, ᾧ κόρος ἀξιόθρηνος §905ὤλετ’ ἐν δόμοισιν §906μονόπαις·
Chorus: There was a certain man of my kin, whose only son, worthy of lamentation, perished in his house, an only child.
ἀλλ’ ἔμπας §907ἔφερε κακὸν ἅλις, ἄτεκνος ὤν, §908πολιὰς ἐπὶ χαίτας §909ἤδη προπετὴς ὢν §910βιότου τε πόρσω.
But nevertheless he bore the evil with moderation, being childless, though he had gray hair, and was already leaning toward the end, and far advanced in life.
§912ὦ σχῆμα δόμων, πῶς εἰσέλθω;
Admetus: O form of the house, how shall I enter?
§913πῶς δ’ οἰκήσω μεταπίπτοντος §914δαίμονος;
How shall I dwell in it, now that my fortune is changing?
οἴμοι.
Alas!
πολὺ γὰρ τὸ μέσον·
For the difference is great.
§915τότε μὲν πεύκαις σὺν Πηλιάσιν §916σύν θ’ ὑμεναίοις ἔστειχον ἔσω, §917φιλίας ἀλόχου χέρα βαστάζων, §918πολυάχητος δ’ εἵπετο κῶμος, §919τήν τε θανοῦσαν κἄμ’ ὀλβίζων, §920ὡς εὐπατρίδαι καὶ ἀπ’ ἀμφοτέρων §921ὄντες ἀρίστων σύζυγες εἶμεν· §922νῦν δ’ ὑμεναίων γόος ἀντίπαλος §923λευκῶν τε πέπλων μέλανες στολμοὶ §924πέμπουσί μ’ ἔσω §925λέκτρων κοίτας ἐς ἐρήμους.
Then, indeed, with Pelian torches and bridal songs I entered within, holding the hand of my beloved wife, and a loud-sounding revelry followed, blessing both the deceased and me, saying that we, being noble and from best parents on both sides, were united as spouses; but now, instead of bridal songs, a hostile wailing, and instead of white garments, black robes send me within to the empty couches of my bed.
§926παρ’ εὐτυχῆ §927σοὶ πότμον ἦλθεν ἀπειροκάκῳ τόδ’ §928ἄλγος·
Chorus: Alongside a happy fate, this grief came to you who had been inexperienced in evil.
ἀλλ’ ἔσωσας §929βίοτον καὶ ψυχάν.
But you saved your life and soul.
§930ἔθανε δάμαρ, ἔλιπε φιλίαν·
Your wife died, she left her love behind.
§931τί νέον τόδε;
What is new in this?
πολλοῖς §932ἤδη παρέλυσεν §933θάνατος δάμαρτας.
Already for many men has death loosed their wives from them.
§935φίλοι, γυναικὸς δαίμον’ εὐτυχέστερον §936τοὐμοῦ νομίζω, καίπερ οὐ δοκοῦνθ’ ὅμως·
Admetus: Friends, I consider the fate of my wife more fortunate than my own, although it does not seem so.
§937τῆς μὲν γὰρ οὐδὲν ἄλγος ἅψεταί ποτε, §938πολλῶν δὲ μόχθων εὐκλεὴς ἐπαύσατο.
For no pain will ever touch her, and she has ceased from many labors with glory.
§939ἐγὼ δʼ, ὃν οὐ χρῆν ζῆν, παρεὶς τὸ μόρσιμον §940λυπρὸν διάξω βίοτον· ἄρτι μανθάνω.
But I, who ought not to live, having escaped my destiny, shall drag out a painful life; now at last I understand.
§941πῶς γὰρ δόμων τῶνδ’ εἰσόδους ἀνέξομαι;
For how shall I endure the entrances of this house?
§942τίν’ ἂν προσειπών, τοῦ δὲ προσρηθεὶς ὕπο, §943τερπνῆς τύχοιμ’ ἂν ἐξόδου;
Whom should I address, and by whom addressed, might I find a pleasant entry?
ποῖ τρέψομαι;
Whither shall I turn?
§944ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἔνδον ἐξελᾷ μ’ ἐρημία, §945γυναικὸς εὐνὰς εὖτ’ ἂν εἰσίδω κενὰς §946θρόνους τ’ ἐν οἷσιν ἷζε, καὶ κατὰ στέγας §947αὐχμηρὸν οὖδας, τέκνα δ’ ἀμφὶ γούνασι §948πίπτοντα κλαίῃ μητέρʼ, οἳ δὲ δεσπότιν §949στένωσιν οἵαν ἐκ δόμων ἀπώλεσαν.
For the desolation within will drive me out, whenever I see the bed of my wife empty, and the chairs on which she sat, and throughout the house the dusty floor, and the children falling at my knees weeping for their mother, and the servants lamenting what a mistress they have lost from the house.
§950τὰ μὲν κατ’ οἴκους τοιάδʼ· ἔξωθεν δέ με §951γάμοι τ’ ἐλῶσι Θεσσαλῶν καὶ ξύλλογοι §952γυναικοπληθεῖς· οὐ γὰρ ἐξανέξομαι §953λεύσσων δάμαρτος τῆς ἐμῆς ὁμήλικας.
Such are the things within the house; but from without, the marriages of Thessalians and the assemblies thronged with women will drive me away; for I shall not endure looking at the age-mates of my wife.
§954ἐρεῖ δέ μ’ ὅστις ἐχθρὸς ὢν κυρεῖ τάδε· §955Ἰδοῦ τὸν αἰσχρῶς ζῶνθʼ, ὃς οὐκ ἔτλη θανεῖν, §956ἀλλ’ ἣν ἔγημεν ἀντιδοὺς ἀψυχίᾳ §957πέφευγεν Ἅιδην·
And whoever happens to be my enemy will say this: 'Look at him living shamefully, who did not dare to die, but escaped Hades by giving in exchange the woman he married, through cowardice.
εἶτ’ ἀνὴρ εἶναι δοκεῖ;
And then does he seem to be a man?
§958στυγεῖ δὲ τοὺς τεκόντας, αὐτὸς οὐ θέλων §959θανεῖν. τοιάνδε πρὸς κακοῖσι κληδόνα §960ἕξω.
He hates his parents, though he himself is unwilling to die.' Such a reputation, in addition to my evils, I shall have.
τί μοι ζῆν δῆτα κέρδιον, φίλοι, §961κακῶς κλύοντι καὶ κακῶς πεπραγότι;
Why then is it better for me to live, friends, hearing evil of myself and having fared evilly?
§962ἐγὼ καὶ διὰ μούσας §963καὶ μετάρσιος ᾖξα, καὶ §964πλείστων ἁψάμενος λόγων §965κρεῖσσον οὐδὲν Ἀνάγκας §966ηὗρον, οὐδέ τι φάρμακον §967Θρῄσσαις ἐν σανίσιν, τὰς §968Ὀρφεία κατέγραψεν §970γῆρυς, οὐδ’ ὅσα Φοῖβος Ἀσκληπιάδαις ἔδωκε §971φάρμακα πολυπόνοις ἀντιτεμὼν βροτοῖσιν.
Chorus: I too have flown through the Muses and soared aloft, and having touched upon very many doctrines, I found nothing stronger than Necessity (Ananke), nor any remedy on the Thracian tablets, which the voice of Orpheus wrote down, nor any remedies which Phoebus gave to the sons of Asclepius, prescribing them for weary mortals.
§973μόνας δ’ οὔτ’ ἐπὶ βωμοὺς §974ἔστιν οὔτε βρέτας θεᾶς §975ἐλθεῖν, οὐ σφαγίων κλύει.
She alone has no altars nor image of a goddess to approach, nor does she listen to sacrifices.
§976μή μοι, πότνια, μείζων §977ἔλθοις ἢ τὸ πρὶν ἐν βίῳ.
Do not, O mistress, come upon me more heavily than in my past life.
§978καὶ γὰρ Ζεὺς ὅ τι νεύσῃ, §979σὺν σοὶ τοῦτο τελευτᾷ.
For whatever Zeus nods to, with your help he accomplishes this.
§980καὶ τὸν ἐν Χαλύβοις δαμάζεις σὺ βίᾳ σίδαρον, §981οὐδέ τις ἀποτόμου λήματός ἐστιν αἰδώς.
You subdue even the iron among the Chalybes by force, nor is there any pity in your severe resolve.
§984καὶ σ’ ἐν ἀφύκτοισι χερῶν εἷλε θεὰ δεσμοῖς.
And you, too, the goddess has seized in the inescapable bonds of her hands.
§985τόλμα δʼ· οὐ γὰρ ἀνάξεις ποτ’ ἔνερθεν §986κλαίων τοὺς φθιμένους ἄνω.
But endure; for you will never bring up by weeping those who have died below.
§987καὶ θεῶν σκότιοι φθίνουσι §990παῖδες ἐν θανάτῳ.
Even the dark children of the gods fade away in death.
§991φίλα μὲν ὅτ’ ἦν μεθ’ ἡμῶν, §992φίλα δὲ καὶ θανοῦσ’ ἔσται, §994γενναιοτάταν δὲ πασᾶν ἐζεύξω κλισίαις ἄκοιτιν.
Beloved she was when she was with us, and beloved she will be even in death, and you yoked to your bed the most noble wife of all.
§995μηδὲ νεκρῶν ὡς φθιμένων χῶμα νομιζέσθω §996τύμβος σᾶς ἀλόχου, θεοῖσι δ’ ὁμοίως §997τιμάσθω, σέβας ἐμπόρων.
Let not the mound of your wife be deemed as a tomb of the perished dead, but let her be honored equally with the gods, an object of reverence for travelers.
§1000καί τις δοχμίαν κέλευθον §1001ἐκβαίνων τόδ’ ἐρεῖ·
And someone, turning aside from the winding road, shall say this:

Notes

  1. 897τί μ’ ἐκώλυσας ῥῖψαι — The verb ἐκώλυσας ('you prevented') takes the infinitive ῥῖψαι ('to throw') as its direct object, indicating the action of preventing someone from doing something. It refers to the Chorus's past action of restraining Admetus from committing suicide.
  2. 904ᾧ κόρος ἀξιόθρηνος ὤλετ’ ἐν δόμοισιν — The relative pronoun ᾧ (dative) refers back to the antecedent τις ('a certain man') and functions as a dative of possession ('to whom a son perished', i.e., 'whose son perished'). The subject is κόρος ('son'), and ὤλετο is the middle-passive aorist of ὄλλυμι.
  3. 939ὃν οὐ χρῆν ζῆν — The relative pronoun ὃν is the accusative singular of the relative referring back to ἐγώ ('I'), functioning as the subject accusative in the accusative and infinitive construction with the impersonal imperfect χρῆν ('it was necessary', 'ought to have'). Thus, it means 'I, who ought not to be living'.
  4. 965κρεῖσσον οὐδὲν Ἀνάγκας ηὗρον — The comparative adjective κρεῖσσον ('stronger', 'greater') is followed by the genitive of comparison Ἀνάγκας ('than Necessity'). This highlights the absolute inescapability of fate in Greek tragedy, stating that nothing is found to be superior to Necessity.

Cite this passage

Euripides, Alcestis §889-1001. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:889-1001

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