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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.60.1-5.60.6

Agis's Unilateral Four-Month Truce and Mutual Outrage

Passage 560 of 917 · Greek

Summary

King Agis accepts a personal proposal from the Argives and unilaterally concludes a four-month truce, withdrawing his army without consulting his allies. Both the Spartan alliance and the Argive citizens are furious at losing a decisive opportunity, leading to severe criticism of their respective representatives and the near-stoning of the Argive general Thrasylus.

§5.60.1καὶ οἱ μὲν ταῦτα εἰπόντες τῶν Ἀργείων ἀφ’ ἑαυτῶν καὶ οὐ τοῦ πλήθους κελεύσαντος εἶπον· καὶ ὁ Ἆγις δεξάμενος τοὺς λόγους αὐτός, καὶ οὐ μετὰ τῶν πλεόνων οὐδὲ αὐτὸς βουλευσάμενος ἀλλ’ ἢ ἑνὶ ἀνδρὶ κοινώσας τῶν ἐν τέλει ξυστρατευομένων, σπένδεται τέσσαρας μῆνας, ἐν οἷς ἔδει ἐπιτελέσαι αὐτοὺς τὰ ῥηθέντα.
And those of the Argives who said these things spoke of their own accord and not by order of the multitude; and Agis, having accepted their words himself, and not having consulted with the majority either, but only having communicated with one of the men in authority who was serving with him, made a truce for four months, during which they had to perform what had been agreed upon.
καὶ ἀπήγαγε τὸν στρατὸν εὐθύς, οὐδενὶ φράσας τῶν ἄλλων ξυμμάχων.
And he led the army away immediately, without telling any of the other allies.
§5.60.2οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι εἵποντο μὲν ὡς ἡγεῖτο διὰ τὸν νόμον, ἐν αἰτίᾳ δ᾽ εἶχον κατ’ ἀλλήλους πολλῇ τὸν Ἆγιν, νομίζοντες ἐν καλῷ παρατυχὸν σφίσι ξυμβαλεῖν καὶ πανταχόθεν αὐτῶν ἀποκεκλῃμένων καὶ ὑπὸ ἱππέων καὶ πεζῶν οὐδὲν δράσαντες ἄξιον τῆς παρασκευῆς ἀπιέναι.
And the Lacedaemonians and the allies followed indeed as he led because of the law, but among themselves they held Agis in great blame, thinking that, although a favorable opportunity had presented itself to them to join battle, and though the enemy was shut in on all sides both by cavalry and by infantry, they were departing having done nothing worthy of their preparation.
§5.60.3στρατόπεδον γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο κάλλιστον Ἑλληνικὸν τῶν μέχρι τοῦδε ξυνῆλθεν· ὤφθη δὲ μάλιστα ἕως ἔτι ἦν ἁθρόον ἐν Νεμέᾳ, ἐν ᾧ Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε πανστρατιᾷ ἦσαν καὶ Ἀρκάδες καὶ Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Κορίνθιοι καὶ Σικυώνιοι καὶ Πελληνῆς καὶ Φλειάσιοι καὶ Μεγαρῆς, καὶ οὗτοι πάντες λογάδες ἀφ’ ἑκάστων, ἀξιόμαχοι δοκοῦντες εἶναι οὐ τῇ Ἀργείων μόνον ξυμμαχίᾳ ἀλλὰ κἂν ἄλλῃ ἔτι προσγενομένῃ.
For indeed this was the finest Greek army that had assembled up to that time; and it was seen at its best while it was still gathered together in Nemea, in which the Lacedaemonians were with their whole force, and Arcadians, Boeotians, Corinthians, Sicyonians, Pellenians, Phliasians, and Megarians, and all these were picked men from each state, seeming to be a match not only for the Argive alliance, but even if another had been added to it.
§5.60.4τὸ μὲν οὖν στρατόπεδον οὕτως ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχοντες τὸν Ἆγιν ἀνεχώρουν τε καὶ διελύθησαν ἐπ’ οἴκου ἕκαστοι,
So the army, holding Agis in blame in this way, retreated and dispersed, each to their own homes.
§5.60.5Ἀργεῖοι δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔτι ἐν πολλῷ πλέονι αἰτίᾳ εἶχον τοὺς σπεισαμένους ἄνευ τοῦ πλήθους, νομίζοντες κἀκεῖνοι μὴ ἂν σφίσι ποτὲ κάλλιον παρασχὸν Λακεδαιμονίους διαπεφευγέναι· πρός τε γὰρ τῇ σφετέρᾳ πόλει καὶ μετὰ πολλῶν καὶ ἀγαθῶν ξυμμάχων τὸν ἀγῶνα ἂν γίγνεσθαι.
And the Argives themselves also held those who had made the truce without the multitude in still greater blame, they too thinking that never would a better opportunity have presented itself to them, and that the Lacedaemonians had escaped; for the contest would have taken place close to their own city and with many brave allies.
§5.60.6τόν τε Θράσυλον ἀναχωρήσαντες ἐν τῷ Χαράδρῳ, οὗπερ τὰς ἀπὸ στρατείας δίκας πρὶν ἐσιέναι κρίνουσιν, ἤρξαντο λεύειν.
And having returned, they began to stone Thrasylus in the Charadrus, where they try cases arising from campaigns before entering the city.
ὁ δὲ καταφυγὼν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν περιγίγνεται· τὰ μέντοι χρήματα ἐδήμευσαν αὐτοῦ.
But he, having fled to the altar, survived; however, they confiscated his property.

Notes

  1. §5.60.1ἀλλ’ ἢ — The idiom ἀλλ’ ἤ functions as "except" or "other than," appearing here with οὐδὲ ... ἀλλ’ ἤ to indicate the sole exception to the lack of consultation.
  2. §5.60.2παρατυχὸν — An accusative absolute of the impersonal verb παρέχει ("there is an opportunity"), functioning as a concessive or conditional phrase: "although a favorable opportunity had presented itself to them."
  3. §5.60.3κἂν ἄλλῃ ἔτι προσγενομένῃ — The crasis κἂν represents καὶ ἐάν (or καὶ ἄν). Here, the particle ἄν is combined with the dative participle προσγενομένῃ to form a shorthand conditional clause, equivalent to "even if another [alliance] had been added."
  4. §5.60.5μὴ ἂν σφίσι ποτὲ κάλλιον παρασχὸν — The word παρασχόν is an aorist active participle (neuter singular accusative) of παρέχω in the accusative absolute construction, meaning "since a more favorable opportunity would never present itself." The particle ἄν, combined with the negative μή, modifies the following perfect infinitive διαπεφευγέναι, expressing a past potential or counterfactual thought ("that the Lacedaemonians would not have escaped").
  5. §5.60.5τὸν ἀγῶνα ἂν γίγνεσθαι — This is an infinitive with ἄν in indirect discourse, representing a past counterfactual indicative (τὸν ἀγῶνα ἂν ἐγίγνετο, "the contest would have taken place"). It is dependent on νομίζοντες, indicating a situation contrary to past fact (as the battle did not actually occur).

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.60.1-5.60.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.60.1-5.60.6

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