Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.69.1-4.69.4

Siege and Surrender of Nisaea to Athens

Passage 434 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian generals give up on taking Megara by force and construct a circumvallation around Nisaea. Facing a food shortage, the garrison in Nisaea surrenders to the Athenians under specified terms, and the Athenians occupy Nisaea.

§4.69.1γνόντες δὲ οἱ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγοὶ ὅτι ἐναντίωμά τι ἐγένετο καὶ τὴν πόλιν βίᾳ οὐχ οἷοί τε ἔσονται λαβεῖν, τὴν Νίσαιαν εὐθὺς περιετείχιζον, νομίζοντες, εἰ πρὶν ἐπιβοηθῆσαί τινας ἐξέλοιεν, θᾶσσον ἂν καὶ §4.69.2τὰ Μέγαρα προσχωρῆσαι (παρεγένετο δὲ σίδηρός τε ἐκ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν ταχὺ καὶ λιθουργοὶ καὶ τἆλλα ἐπιτήδεια)·
When the Athenian generals perceived that some obstacle had arisen and that they would not be able to take the city by force, they immediately began to build a circumvallation around Nisaea, thinking that if they should capture it before any assistance came, Megara also would surrender the more quickly (iron tools, stonemasons, and other necessaries quickly arrived from Athens).
ἀρξάμενοι δ’ ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους ὃ εἶχον καὶ διοικοδομήσαντες τὸ πρὸς Μεγαρέας, ἀπ’ ἐκείνου ἑκατέρωθεν ἐς θάλασσαν τῆς Νισαίας τάφρον τε καὶ τείχη διελομένη ἡ στρατιά, ἔκ τε τοῦ προαστείου λίθοις καὶ πλίνθοις χρώμενοι, καὶ κόπτοντες τὰ δένδρα καὶ ὕλην ἀπεσταύρουν εἴ πῃ δέοιτό τι· καὶ αἱ οἰκίαι τοῦ προαστείου ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι αὐταὶ ὑπῆρχον ἔρυμα.
Starting from the wall which they held, and having built a cross-wall on the side facing the Megarians, the army, dividing the work among themselves, ran a trench and walls from that point on both sides of Nisaea down to the sea, using stones and bricks from the suburb, and cutting down the trees and timber, they palisaded wherever there was need; and the houses of the suburb, having battlements added to them, themselves served as a rampart.
§4.69.3καὶ ταύτην μὲν τὴν ἡμέραν ὅλην εἰργάζοντο· τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ περὶ δείλην τὸ τεῖχος ὅσον οὐκ ἀπετετέλεστο, καὶ οἱ ἐν τῇ Νισαίᾳ δείσαντες, σίτου τε ἀπορίᾳ (ἐφ’ ἡμέραν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς ἄνω πόλεως ἐχρῶντο) καὶ τοὺς Πελοποννησίους οὐ νομίζοντες ταχὺ ἐπιβοηθήσειν, τούς τε Μεγαρέας πολεμίους ἡγούμενοι, ξυνέβησαν τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ῥητοῦ μὲν ἕκαστον ἀργυρίου ἀπολυθῆναι ὅπλα παραδόντας, τοῖς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίοις, τῷ τε ἄρχοντι καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος ἐνῆν, χρῆσθαι Ἀθηναίους ὅτι ἂν βούλωνται.
During the whole of this day they continued to work; and on the next day about evening the wall was all but completed, and those in Nisaea, being terrified by the scarcity of food (for they used to obtain it daily from the upper city) and not expecting the Peloponnesians to come quickly to their aid, and regarding the Megarians as enemies, came to terms with the Athenians: that they should deliver up their arms and each be ransomed for a specified sum of money, but as for the Lacedaemonians, both the commander and any other who was inside, the Athenians might treat them as they pleased.
§4.69.4ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁμολογήσαντες ἐξῆλθον, καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἀπορρήξαντες ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν Μεγαρέων πόλεως καὶ τὴν Νίσαιαν παραλαβόντες τἆλλα παρεσκευάζοντο.
Having agreed upon these terms they marched out, and the Athenians, having broken off the long walls from the city of the Megarians and taken possession of Nisaea, began to make their other preparations.

Notes

  1. §4.69.1θᾶσσον ἂν καὶ τὰ Μέγαρα προσχωρῆσαι — This is an accusative with infinitive construction introduced by νομίζοντες in indirect discourse. The infinitive προσχωρῆσαι with ἄν represents a potential optative in direct discourse (θᾶσσον ἂν καὶ τὰ Μέγαρα προσχωρήσειαν, 'Megara also would surrender more quickly'). The particle καί emphasizes 'Megara as well'.
  2. §4.69.2διελομένη ἡ στρατιά ... χρώμενοι — The subject ἡ στρατιά is a singular collective noun, with which the singular feminine participle διελομένη agrees, but the subsequent participles χρώμενοι (and κόπτοντες) are in the masculine plural. This is a classic example of constructio ad sensum (construction according to sense), referring to the individual soldiers who make up the army.
  3. §4.69.3τὸ τεῖχος ὅσον οὐκ ἀπετετέλεστο — The phrase ὅσον οὐκ is an idiomatic adverbial expression meaning 'all but' or 'almost'. Literally, 'the wall was unfinished only to a small extent', indicating that the construction of the wall was nearly complete.
  4. §4.69.3ῥητοῦ μὲν ἕκαστον ἀργυρίου ἀπολυθῆναι — ῥητοῦ ἀργυρίου is a genitive of price meaning 'for a specified sum of money'. The infinitive ἀπολυθῆναι depends on ξυνέβησαν, expressing the terms of the agreement ('that each should be released...').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.69.1-4.69.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.69.1-4.69.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.