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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.35.1-4.35.4

Spartan Retreat to the Fort and Frontal Assault

Passage 400 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Spartans retreat to a fort at the end of the island, and the Athenians, unable to encircle them due to the difficult terrain, attack from the front as both sides endure thirst and heat.

§4.35.1τέλος δὲ τραυματιζομένων ἤδη πολλῶν διὰ τὸ αἰεὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ἀναστρέφεσθαι, ξυγκλῄσαντες ἐχώρησαν ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον ἔρυμα τῆς νήσου, ὃ οὐ πολὺ ἀπεῖχε, καὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν φύλακας.
At last, as many were already being wounded because they were constantly wheeling about in the same place, they closed their ranks and retreated to the fort at the end of the island, which was not far off, and to their own garrison.
§4.35.2ὡς δὲ ἐνέδοσαν, ἐνταῦθα ἤδη πολλῷ ἔτι πλέονι βοῇ τεθαρσηκότες οἱ ψιλοὶ ἐπέκειντο, καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ὅσοι μὲν ὑποχωροῦντες ἐγκατελαμβάνοντο, ἀπέθνῃσκον, οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ διαφυγόντες ἐς τὸ ἔρυμα μετὰ τῶν ταύτῃ φυλάκων ἐτάξαντο παρὰ πᾶν ὡς ἀμυνούμενοι ᾗπερ ἦν ἐπίμαχον.
And when they gave way, the light-armed troops, already encouraged by a much greater shouting, pressed hard upon them; and those of the Lacedaemonians who were overtaken while retreating were killed, but the majority escaped to the fort and drew up with the garrison there along the whole line, to defend themselves wherever it was vulnerable to attack.
§4.35.3καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπισπόμενοι περίοδον μὲν αὐτῶν καὶ κύκλωσιν χωρίου ἰσχύι οὐκ εἶχον, προσιόντες δὲ ἐξ ἐναντίας ὤσασθαι ἐπειρῶντο.
The Athenians, following close after them, were unable to surround or encircle them owing to the strength of the position, but approaching from the front, they attempted to force them back.
§4.35.4καὶ χρόνον μὲν πολὺν καὶ τῆς ἡμέρας τὸ πλεῖστον ταλαιπωρούμενοι ἀμφότεροι ὑπό τε τῆς μάχης καὶ δίψης καὶ ἡλίου ἀντεῖχον, πειρώμενοι οἱ μὲν ἐξελάσασθαι ἐκ τοῦ μετεώρου, οἱ δὲ μὴ ἐνδοῦναι·
For a long time, indeed for most of the day, both sides held out, though distressed by the fighting, thirst, and sun, the one side attempting to drive them from the high ground, and the other resolved not to give way.
ῥᾷον δ’ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ἠμύνοντο ἢ ἐν τῷ πρίν, οὐκ οὔσης σφῶν τῆς κυκλώσεως ἐς τὰ πλάγια.
But the Lacedaemonians defended themselves more easily than before, as there was no possibility of encircling them on their flanks.

Notes

  1. §4.35.1καὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῶν φύλακας — The preposition ἐς also governs τοὺς ἑαυτῶν φύλακας. While the preposition connects a place (ἔρυμα) and persons (φύλακας), when used with persons, ἐς indicates movement 'to' or 'among' them.
  2. §4.35.3χωρίου ἰσχύι — Dative of cause. It explains the reason why the Athenians 'were unable' to encircle them, attributing it to the strength (ἰσχύς) of the position (χωρίον).
  3. §4.35.4οὐκ οὔσης σφῶν τῆς κυκλώσεως ἐς τὰ πλάγια — Genitive absolute construction (οὐκ οὔσης ... τῆς κυκλώσεως). The genitive pronoun σφῶν functions as an objective genitive ('encirclement of them'), meaning 'as there was no encirclement of them on the flanks (ἐς τὰ πλάγια)'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.35.1-4.35.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.35.1-4.35.4

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