- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.56.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
Description of the seventh river, the Gerrhus, explaining its branch-off point from the Borysthenes, the origin of its name, and its course which bounds the Nomad and Royal Scythians before emptying into the Hypacyris.
ἕβδομος δὲ Γέρρος ποταμὸς ἀπέσχισται μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ Βορυσθένεος κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς χώρης ἐς ὃ1 γινώσκεται ὁ Βορυσθένης· ἀπέσχισται μέν νυν ἐκ τούτου τοῦ χώρου, οὔνομα δὲ ἔχει τό περ ὁ χῶρος αὐτός, Γέρρος, ῥέων δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν2 οὐρίζει τήν τε τῶν νομάδων χώρην καὶ τὴν τῶν βασιληίων Σκυθέων, ἐκδιδοῖ δὲ ἐς τὸν Ὑπάκυριν.
The seventh river is the Gerrhus, which branches off from the Borysthenes at that point of the country up to which the Borysthenes is known. Now, it branches off from this region, and has the same name as the region itself, Gerrhus; flowing towards the sea, it bounds both the territory of the Nomad Scythians and that of the Royal Scythians, and empties into the Hypacyris.
- 4.56.1ἐς ὃ
The preposition ἐς with the neuter accusative relative pronoun ὅ here denotes a spatial limit ('up to which'), restricting the antecedent phrase κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς χώρης. It means 'at that point of the country up to which the Borysthenes is known (i.e. the limit of geographical knowledge)'.
- 4.56.1ῥέων δὲ ἐς θάλασσαν
While the Gerrhus is said to empty into the Hypacyris (ἐκδιδοῖ ἐς τὸν Ὑπάκυριν), the participle phrase here describes its general flow 'towards the sea'. This is not a contradiction, as the Hypacyris itself eventually discharges into the sea.