- Source
- Herodotus. Godley, Alfred Denis, editor. Cambridge, MA; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann, Ltd., 1920-1925 (printing).
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.57.1
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-10
The passage describes the eighth river, the Tanais (Don), its source and its outlet in Lake Maeotis (Sea of Azov), as well as its tributary, the Hyrgis.
ὄγδοος δὲ δὴ Τάναϊς ποταμός, ὃς ῥέει τἀνέκαθεν1 ἐκ λίμνης μεγάλης ὁρμώμενος, ἐκδιδοῖ δὲ ἐς μέζω ἔτι λίμνην καλεόμενον2 Μαιῆτιν, ἣ οὐρίζει Σκύθας τε τοὺς βασιληίους καὶ Σαυρομάτας. ἐς δὲ Τάναϊν τοῦτον ἄλλος ποταμὸς ἐσβάλλει τῷ οὔνομα ἐστὶ3 Ὕργις.
The eighth river is indeed the Tanais, which flows from its source in a great lake, and empties into an even larger lake called the Maeotis, which bounds the Royal Scythians and the Sauromatae. Into this Tanais another river empties, whose name is the Hyrgis.
- 4.57.1τἀνέκαθεν
Crasis of τὸ ἀνέκαθεν. Here it functions as an adverb meaning 'from above' or 'from the source', referring to the upper reaches of the river.
- 4.57.1καλεόμενον
Although modifying the feminine accusative nouns λίμνην and Μαιῆτιν, the participle appears in the neuter form καλεόμενον. This can be understood either as a loose apposition with a neuter conceptual meaning ('that which is called') or as a textual corruption, but contextually it modifies λίμνην.
- 4.57.1τῷ οὔνομα ἐστὶ
A construction of the dative of possession using the ionic form of the relative pronoun (equivalent to Attic ᾧ), literally meaning 'to which the name is' (i.e., 'whose name is').