[ULPIANUS libro octauo decimo ad edictum. ] §9.2.7.prQua actione patrem consecuturum ait, quod minus ex operis filii sui propter uitiatum oculum sit habiturus, et impendia, quae pro eius curatione fecerit. §9.2.7.1Occisum autem accipere debemus, siue gladio siue etiam fuste uel alio telo uel manibus (si forte strangulauit eum) uel calce petiit uel capite uel qualiter qualiter. §9.2.7.2Sed si quis plus iusto oneratus deiecerit onus et seruum occiderit, Aquilia locum habet: fuit enim in ipsius arbitrio ita se non onerare.
[ULPIAN, from the eighteenth book on the Edict.]\n\nHe says that by this action the father will obtain the amount of which he will have less from the labor of his son because of the impaired eye, and the expenses which he incurred for his treatment.\n\nFurthermore, we must interpret "killed" to mean whether one attacked with a sword, or with a club or another weapon, or with hands (if perchance he strangled him), or with a kick, or with the head, or in any manner whatsoever.\n\nBut if anyone loaded beyond what is proper should drop the load and kill a slave, the Lex Aquilia applies; for it was within his own choice not to load himself in such a manner.
nam et si lapsus aliquis seruum alienum onere presserit, Pegasus ait lege Aquilia eum teneri ita demum, si uel plus iusto se onerauerit uel neglegentius per lubricum transierit. §9.2.7.3Proinde si quis alterius impulsu damnum dederit, Proculus scribit neque eum qui impulit teneri, quia non occidit, neque eum qui impulsus est, quia damnum iniuria non dedit: secundum quod in factum actio erit danda in eum qui impulit. §9.2.7.4Si quis in colluctatione uel in pancratio, uel pugiles dum inter se exercentur alius alium occiderit, si quidem in publico certamine alius alium occiderit, cessat Aquilia, quia gloriae causa et uirtutis, non iniuriae gratia uidetur damnum datum.
For even if someone slips and crushes another's slave with a load, Pegasus says that he is held under the Lex Aquilia only if he either loaded himself beyond what is proper or passed through a slippery place too carelessly.\n\nAccordingly, if anyone should cause damage by the push of another, Proculus writes that neither the one who pushed is held, because he did not kill, nor the one who was pushed, because he did not cause damage unlawfully; consequently, an action on the case (actio in factum) will have to be given against the one who pushed.\n\nIf anyone in wrestling or in the pancratium, or while boxers are training with each other, should kill another, if indeed he killed another in a public contest, the Lex Aquilia does not apply, because the damage is seen to be given for the sake of glory and valor, and not for the sake of unlawful injury.
hoc autem in seruo non procedit, quoniam ingenui solent certare: in filio familias uulnerato procedit.
But this does not apply in the case of a slave, since freeborn men are accustomed to compete; it does apply in the case of a son in power who is wounded.
plane si cedentem uulnerauerit, erit Aquiliae locus, aut si non in certamine seruum occidit, nisi si domino committente hoc factum sit: tunc enim Aquilia cessat. §9.2.7.5Sed si quis seruum aegrotum leuiter percusserit et is obierit, recte Labeo dicit lege Aquilia eum teneri, quia aliud alii mortiferum esse solet. §9.2.7.6Celsus autem multum interesse dicit, occiderit an mortis causam praestiterit, ut qui mortis causam praestitit, non Aquilia, sed in factum actione teneatur.
Clearly, if he wounded him when yielding, there will be room for the Lex Aquilia, or if he killed a slave when not in a contest, unless this was done with the master's consent; for then the Lex Aquilia does not apply.\n\nBut if anyone lightly strikes a sick slave and he dies, Labeo rightly says that he is held under the Lex Aquilia, because what is fatal to one person is not always so to another.\n\nCelsus, however, says that there is a great difference whether one killed or provided the cause of death, so that he who provided the cause of death is held not under the Lex Aquilia, but by an action on the case (actio in factum).
unde adfert eum qui uenenum pro medicamento dedit et ait causam mortis praestitisse, quemadmodum eum qui furenti gladium porrexit: nam nec hunc lege Aquilia teneri, sed in factum. §9.2.7.7Sed si quis de ponte aliquem praecipitauit, Celsus ait, siue ipso ictu perierit aut continuo submersus est aut lassatus ui fluminis uictus perierit, lege Aquilia teneri, quemadmodum si quis puerum saxo inlisisset. §9.2.7.8Proculus ait, si medicus seruum imperite secuerit, uel ex locato uel ex lege Aquilia competere actionem.
Hence he adduces the case of one who gave poison instead of medicine and says that he provided the cause of death, just like one who handed a sword to a madman; for neither is this person held under the Lex Aquilia, but by an action on the case.\n\nBut if anyone threw someone off a bridge, Celsus says that whether he died from the impact itself, or was immediately drowned, or died exhausted and overcome by the force of the river, he is held under the Lex Aquilia, just as if someone had dashed a boy against a rock.\n\nProculus says that if a physician has operated on a slave unskillfully, an action is available either from the contract of hiring (ex locato) or under the Lex Aquilia.