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Seneca the Younger · Phaedra §1014-1101

The Sea Monster and Hippolytus's Tragic Death

Passage 12 of 14 · Latin

Summary

The messenger details to Theseus the appearance of the bull-like monster rising from the sea, which panicked the horses, causing them to drag Hippolytus to his brutal death.

§1014et cana summum spuma Leucaten ferit.
And hoary foam strikes the top of Leucate.
§1015consurgit ingens pontus in vastum aggerem, §1017nec ista ratibus tanta construitur lues: §1018terris minatur; fluctus haud cursu levi §1019provolvitur: nescio quid onerato sinu
A huge sea rises up into a vast mound, nor is such a great destruction prepared for ships: it threatens the lands; the wave is rolled forward with no light course: some unknown thing the heavy wave carries in its laden bosom.
§1020gravis unda portat, quae novum tellus caput
Does the land show a new head to the stars?
§1021ostendit astris? Cyclas exoritur nova?
Is a new Cyclad rising?
§1025haec dum stupentes quaerimus, totum en mare §1026immugit, omnes undique scopuli adstrepunt; §1027summum cacumen rorat expulso sale.
While in amazement we ask these things, lo, the whole sea bellows, all the rocks resound on every side; the highest peak is wet with the sprayed brine.
§1028spumat vomitque vicibus alternis aquas §1029qualis per alta vehitur Oceani freta §1030fluctum refundens ore physeter capax. ,
It foams and vomits waters in alternating turns, just as through the deep straits of Ocean is carried, pouring back the wave from its mouth, the spacious whale.
§1031inhorruit concussus undarum globus §1032solvitque sese et litori invexit malum §1033maius timore, pontus in terras ruit §1034suumque monstrum sequitur— os quassat tremor.
The shaken mass of waves shuddered and dissolved itself and brought upon the shore an evil greater than fear; the sea rushes onto the lands and follows its own monster—tremor shakes my mouth.
§1035quis habitus illi corporis vasti fuit!
What an appearance that vast body had!
§1036caerulea taurus colla sublimis gerens §1037erexit altam fronte viridanti iubam; §1038stant hispidae auris, orbibus varius color, §1039et quem feri dominator habuisset gregis §1040et quem sub undis natus: hinc flammam vomunt §1041oculi, hinc relucent caerula insignes nota; §1042opima cervix arduos tollit toros §1043naresque hiulcis haustibus patulae fremunt; §1044musco tenaci pectus ac palear viret, §1045longum iubente spargitur fuco latus; §1046tum pone tergus ultima in monstrum coit §1047facies et ingens belua immensam trahit §1048squamosa partem, talis extremo mari §1049pistrix citatas sorbet aut frangit rates.
A bull carrying his dark-blue neck high raised a high mane from his greenish forehead; his shaggy ears stand up, various color is in his eyes, both that which the leader of a wild herd would have had and that which one born under the waves: from this side the eyes vomit flame, from that side they shine, distinguished by a dark-blue mark; the rich neck raises high muscles, and the wide nostrils bellow with gaping inhalations; the breast and dewlap are green with clinging moss, the long side is sprinkled with prominent seaweed; then behind the back the hind parts unite into a monster, and the huge beast drags an immense scaly part, such as on the edge of the sea the sea-monster swallows or breaks swift ships.
§1050tremuere terrae, fugit attonitum pecus §1051passim per agros nec suos pastor sequi §1052meminit iuvencos; omnis e saltu fera §1053diffugit, omnis frigido exsanguis metu §1054venator horret, solus immunis metu §1055Hippolytus artis continet frenis equos §1056pavidosque notae vocis hortatu ciet.
The lands trembled, the astonished herd fled everywhere through the fields, nor did the shepherd remember to follow his own bullocks; every wild beast from the woodland fled away, every hunter, bloodless with cold fear, shudders; alone free from fear, Hippolytus restrains his horses with tight reins and rouses the trembling ones with the encouragement of his familiar voice.
§1057est alta ad agros collibus ruptis via, §1058vicina tangens spatia suppositi maris; §1059hic se illa moles acuit atque iras parat.
There is a high path to the fields through broken hills, touching the neighboring spaces of the sea lying below; here that monster sharpens itself and prepares its wrath.
§1060ut cepit animos seque praetemptans satis §1061prolusit irae, praepeti cursu evolat, §1062summam citato vix gradu tangens humum, §1063et torva currus ante trepidantes stetit.
When it gathered its courage and, testing itself enough, made a prelude to its wrath, it flies forth with swift course, scarcely touching the surface of the ground with its rapid pace, and stood, fierce, before the trembling chariot.
§1064contra feroci gustus insurgens minax §1065vultu nec ora mutat et magnum intonat: §1066'haud frangit animum vanus hic terror meum: §1067nam mihi paternus vincere est tauros labor. ' §1068inobsequentes protinus frenis equi §1069rapuere currum iamque derrantes via, §1070quacumque rabidos pavidus evexit furor,
Against this, rising up with a fierce and threatening look, he does not change his face, and thunders greatly: 'This empty terror by no means breaks my spirit: for to me, to conquer bulls is my father's labor.' Straightway the horses, disobedient to the reins, snatched the chariot and now wandering from the path, wherever their trembling madness carried them raging, by this way they proceed and drive themselves through the rocks.
§1071hac ire pergunt seque per scopulos agunt. §1072at ille, qualis turbido rector mari §1073ratem retentat, ne det obliquum latus, §1074et arte fluctum fallit, haud aliter citos §1075currus gubernat: ora nunc pressis trahit §1076constricti frenis, terga nunc torto frequens §1077verbere cohercet.
But he, just as a helmsman on a stormy sea holds back his ship, lest it give its side obliquely, and by art eludes the wave, not otherwise the swift chariots governs: now he pulls their mouths with tight reins, now their backs with twisted whip frequently restrains.
sequitur adsiduus comes, §1078nunc aequa carpens spatia, nunc contra obvius §1079oberrat, omni parte terrorem movens.
The constant companion follows, now taking equal spaces, now meeting them face to face, wanders about, from every side moving terror.
§1080non-licuit ultra fugere: nam toto obvius §1081incurrit ore corniger ponti horridus.
It was not allowed to flee further: for meeting them face to face, the horned monster of the sea rushed on with his whole face.
§1082tum vero pavida sonipedes mente exciti §1083imperia solvunt seque luctantur iugo §1084eripere rectique in pedes iactant onus.
Then indeed the horses, excited in their trembling mind, shake off control and struggle to rescue themselves from the yoke, and standing upright on their feet throw off their burden.
§1085praeceps in ora fusus implicuit cadens §1086laqueo tenaci corpus et quanto magis §1087pugnat, sequaces hoc magis nodos ligat.
Pushed headlong onto his face, falling he entangled his body in the clinging noose; and the more he struggles, the more he binds the pursuing knots.
§1088sensere pecudes facinus— et curru levi, §1089dominante nullo, qua timor iussit ruunt.
The beasts perceived the disaster—and with the light chariot, with no one ruling, they rush where fear commands.
§1090talis per auras non suum agnoscens onus §1091Solique falso creditum indignans diem §1092Phaethonta currus devio excussit polo.
Just so through the air, not recognizing its own burden, and indignant that the day was falsely entrusted to it, the chariot of the Sun shook Phaethon out from the off-path sky.
§1093late cruentat arva et inrisum caput §1094scopulis resultat; auferant dumi comas, §1095et ora duras pulchra populatur lapis §1096peritque multo vulnere infelix decor.
Far and wide he bloodies the fields, and his battered head rebounds from the rocks; let the brambles tear away his hair, and the hard stone ravages his beautiful face, and the unhappy beauty perishes with many a wound.
§1097moribunda celeres membra pervolvunt rotae: §1098tandemque raptum truncus ambusta sude §1099medium per inguen stipite ingesto tenet, §1100paulumque domino currus affixo stetit.
The swift wheels roll his dying limbs over and over; and at last a tree-trunk with charred stake, held him, snatched away, with the driven-in trunk through the middle of his groin, and for a little while the chariot stood with its master pinned.
§1101haesere biiuges vulnere— et pariter moram
The pair of horses stopped because of the wound—and likewise the delay...

Notes

  1. 1019nescio quid — nescio quid (literally "I know not what", meaning "something") functions here as an indefinite pronoun and serves as the direct object of the transitive verb portat ("carries").
  2. 1034os quassat tremor — In this brief parenthetical phrase, tremor ("shuddering") is the subject and os ("mouth/face") is the object. It vividly conveys the messenger's physical reaction as he recalls the terrifying sight.
  3. 1039et quem feri dominator habuisset gregis — The relative pronoun quem introduces a clause modifying the preceding color. The subjunctive pluperfect habuisset denotes a counterfactual or hypothetical condition ("such as the leader of a wild herd would have had"), contrasted with the next line's quem sub undis natus ("that of a creature born under the waves").
  4. 1085praeceps in ora fusus implicuit cadens — fusus ("cast down") is a perfect passive participle modifying the subject (Hippolytus), while cadens ("falling") is a present active participle. implicuit is the main transitive verb, taking corpus in the next line as its direct object and laqueo tenaci as an ablative of instrument.

Cite this passage

Seneca the Younger, Phaedra §1014-1101. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi005.humanitext-lat2:1014-1101

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