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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §5.49.1-5.49.8

Caesar's Intentionally Small Camp to Lure the Gauls

Passage 205 of 404 · Latin

Summary

The Gauls lift the siege of Cicero to march against Caesar, and Cicero immediately sends a messenger to inform Caesar. Upon hearing of the enemy's approach, Caesar establishes an intentionally small camp in a strategic position to make the enemy underestimate his forces while preparing for the crossing.

§5.49.1Galli re cognita per exploratores obsidionem relinquunt, ad Caesarem omnibus copiis contendunt.
The Gauls, having learned of this situation through scouts, abandoned the siege and marched against Caesar with all their forces.
Hae erant armata circiter milia LX.
These consisted of about sixty thousand armed men.
§5.49.2Cicero data facultate Gallum ab eodem Verticone, quem supra demonstravimus, repetit, qui litteras ad Caesarem deferat; hunc admonet, iter caute diligenterque faciat:
Cicero, having obtained the opportunity, again requested a Gaul from the same Vertico whom we mentioned above, to carry a letter to Caesar; he cautioned him to make his journey cautiously and diligently.
§5.49.3perscribit in litteris hostes ab se discessisse omnemque ad eum multitudinem convertisse.
In the letter he wrote in detail that the enemy had departed from him and had turned their entire multitude toward him (Caesar).
§5.49.4Quibus litteris circiter media nocte Caesar adlatis suos facit certiores eosque ad dimicandum animo confirmat.
This letter having been delivered about midnight, Caesar informed his men and encouraged them in spirit for the fight.
§5.49.5Postero die luce prima movet castra et circiter milia passuum quattuor progressus trans vallem et rivum multitudinem hostium conspicatur.
On the following day, at dawn, he moved his camp, and having advanced about four miles, he caught sight of the multitude of the enemy across a valley and a river.
§5.49.6Erat magni periculi res tantulis copiis iniquo loco dimicare; tum, quoniam obsidione liberatum Ciceronem sciebat, aequo animo remittendum de celeritate existimabat:
It was a matter of great danger to fight in an unfavorable position with such small forces; moreover, since he knew that Cicero had been freed from the siege, he thought he might slacken his speed with an easy mind.
§5.49.7consedit et quam aequissimo loco potest castra communit atque haec, etsi erant exigua per se vix hominum milium septem praesertim nullis cum impedimentis, tamen angustiis viarum quam maxime potest contrahit, eo consilio, ut in summam contemptionem hostibus veniat.
He encamped and fortified his camp in as favorable a position as possible; and although this was small in itself, being for scarcely seven thousand men, especially as they had no baggage, yet he contracted it by narrowing the passages as much as possible, with the design that he might come into the greatest contempt in the eyes of the enemy.
§5.49.8Interim speculatoribus in omnes partes dimissis explorat quo commodissime itinere vallem transire possit.
In the meantime, having dispatched scouts in all directions, he explored by what route he could cross the valley most conveniently.

Notes

  1. 5.49.1Hae — Feminine plural demonstrative pronoun referring back to `copiis` (from *copiae*, feminine plural) in the preceding sentence, agreeing with its logical antecedent rather than the predicate noun `milia` (neuter plural).
  2. 5.49.2qui litteras ad Caesarem deferat — The relative pronoun `qui` followed by the present subjunctive `deferat` forms a relative clause of purpose ('to carry...'). The antecedent is `Gallum`.
  3. 5.49.6magni periculi — Genitive of quality (description). It functions predicatively to describe the subject infinitive phrase `iniquo loco dimicare` ('was a matter of great danger').
  4. 5.49.7etsi erant exigua per se vix hominum milium septem — The phrase `hominum milium septem` ('of seven thousand men') is a genitive of quality describing `exigua`. The main clause object `haec` (*castra*, neuter plural) also serves as the subject of the concessive clause introduced by `etsi`.
  5. 5.49.7hostibus — Dative of reference (or person judging). Used with `in summam contemptionem veniat` to express the idea of 'becoming an object of extreme contempt in the eyes of the enemy'.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §5.49.1-5.49.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:5.49.1-5.49.8

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