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Julius Caesar · Gallic War §2.6.1-2.6.4

Belgic Assault on Bibrax and Iccius' Request for Aid

Passage 60 of 404 · Latin

Summary

The town of Bibrax, belonging to the Remi, comes under heavy assault by the Belgae, prompting its commander Iccius to request reinforcements from Caesar.

§2.6.1Ab his castris oppidum Remorum nomine Bibrax aberat milia passuum VIII. Id ex itinere magno impetu Belgae oppugnare coeperunt.
From this camp, a town of the Remi called Bibrax was eight miles distant. The Belgae began to assault it with great violence straight from their march.
Aegre eo die sustentatum est. §2.6.2Gallorum eadem atque Belgarum oppugnatio est haec: ubi circumiecta multitudine hominum totis moenibus undique in murum lapides iaci coepti sunt murusque defensoribus nudatus est, testudine facta portas succedunt murumque subruunt.
On that day, the defense was maintained with difficulty.\n The method of attacking a town is the same with the Gauls as with the Belgae: when a large multitude of men has been cast all around the entire fortifications, and stones begin to be thrown from all sides against the wall, and the wall has been stripped of its defenders, they form a testudo (tortoise), advance under the gates, and undermine the wall.
Quod tum facile fiebat. §2.6.3Nam cum tanta multitudo lapides ac tela coicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli. §2.6.4Cum finem oppugnandi nox fecisset, Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, qui tum oppido praeerat, unus ex iis qui legati de pace ad Caesarem venerant, nuntium ad eum mittit, nisi subsidium sibi submittatur, sese diutius sustinere non posse.
This was then easily done.\n For when so great a multitude were throwing stones and missiles, no one had the power of standing on the wall.\n When night had put an end to the assault, Iccius, a Reman of the highest nobility and influence among his people, who was then in command of the town, being one of those who had come as ambassadors to Caesar to treat for peace, sent a messenger to him to say that unless reinforcement were sent to him, he could not hold out any longer.

Notes

  1. §2.6.1ex itinere — A prepositional phrase meaning 'on the march' or 'straight from the march' (without halting). It indicates that the Belgae initiated the assault immediately upon arrival, without pausing to rest.
  2. §2.6.1sustentatum est — The third-person singular perfect passive of the verb sustento (to hold out, maintain), used impersonally. It means 'the defense was maintained with difficulty.'
  3. §2.6.2iaci coepti sunt — Since it is accompanied by the passive infinitive iaci (to be thrown), the auxiliary-like verb coepi (to begin) itself takes the passive perfect form coepti sunt. The subject is the plural masculine noun lapides.
  4. §2.6.3multitudo lapides ac tela coicerent — The verb coicerent is plural despite having the singular collective noun multitudo as its subject. This is an instance of 'agreement according to sense' (synesis or constructio ad sensum), focusing on the plural individuals comprising the multitude.
  5. §2.6.4sese diutius sustinere non posse — An accusative-with-infinitive clause (subject sese, infinitive posse) in indirect discourse depending on the verbal idea in nuntium mittit (sends a messenger). An unexpressed participle of speaking (such as dicens or nuntians) is understood.

Cite this passage

Julius Caesar, Gallic War §2.6.1-2.6.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0448.phi001.humanitext-lat2:2.6.1-2.6.4

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