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Polybius · The Histories §27.7.1-27.7.16

Debate at Rhodes on Dispatching Ships to Rome

Passage 1079 of 1311 · Greek

Summary

A letter from Gaius requesting ships arrives in Rhodes, sparking a heated debate between the pro-Roman faction and the anti-Roman faction led by Deinon. Eventually, the dispatch of ships is decreed and executed under Stratocles' guidance.

§27.7.1ὅτι Γάιος ἔτι περὶ τὴν Κεφαλληνίαν ὁρμῶν ἐξέπεμψε τοῖς Ῥοδίοις γράμματα περὶ πλοίων ἐξαποστολῆς, συνθεὶς τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀλείπτῃ τινὶ Σωκράτει.
That Gaius, while still anchoring near Cephallenia, sent a letter to the Rhodians concerning the dispatch of ships, having entrusted the letter to a certain trainer named Socrates.
§27.7.2παραγενομένων δὲ τῶν γραμμάτων εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον, Στρατοκλέους πρυτανεύοντος τὴν δευτέραν ἕκμηνον, §27.7.3καὶ τοῦ διαβουλίου προτεθέντος, τοῖς μὲν περὶ τὸν Ἀγαθάγητον καὶ Ῥοδοφῶντα καὶ Ἀστυμήδην καὶ ἑτέροις πλείοσιν ἐδόκει πέμπειν τὰς ναῦς καὶ συνάπτεσθαι τῆς ἀρχῆς εὐθέως τοῦ πολέμου, μηδεμίαν πρόφασιν ποιουμένους.
When the letter arrived in Rhodes, Stratocles being prytanis for the second six-month term, and the matter having been proposed for discussion, Agathagetus, Rhodophon, Astymedes, and their party, along with many others, thought they should send the ships and join the war from the very beginning, making no excuse.
§27.7.4οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Δείνωνα καὶ Πολυάρατον δυσαρεστοῦντες μὲν καὶ τοῖς ἤδη γεγονόσι φιλανθρώποις πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, τότε δὲ προθέμενοι τὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Εὐμένους πρόσωπον ἤρξαντο λυμαίνεσθαι τὴν τῶν πολλῶν προαίρεσιν.
But Deinon and Polyaratus and their party, who were already displeased with the friendly acts previously done toward the Romans, then put forward the pretext of King Eumenes and began to corrupt the resolution of the multitude.
§27.7.5ὑπαρχούσης γὰρ τοῖς Ῥοδίοις ὑποψίας καὶ διαφορᾶς πρὸς τὸν Εὐμένη, πάλαι μὲν ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ πρὸς Φαρνάκην, ὅτε, τοῦ βασιλέως Εὐμένους ἐφορμοῦντος ἐπὶ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον στόματος χάριν τοῦ κωλύειν τοὺς πλέοντας εἰς τὸν Πόντον, ἐπελάβοντο τῆς ὁρμῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ διεκώλυσαν Ῥόδιοι, §27.7.6μικροῖς δʼ ἀνώτερον χρόνοις ἐκ τῶν Λυκιακῶν ἀναξαινομένης τῆς διαφορᾶς ἔκ τινων ἐρυμάτων καὶ χώρας, ἣν συνέβαινε κεῖσθαι μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐσχατιᾶς τῆς τῶν Ῥοδίων Περαίας, κακοποιεῖσθαι δὲ συνεχῶς διὰ τῶν ὑπʼ Εὐμένει ταττομένων·
For there had long been a suspicion and dispute among the Rhodians against Eumenes, starting from the war against Pharnaces, when, because King Eumenes was anchoring at the mouth of the Hellespont in order to prevent those sailing into the Pontus, the Rhodians checked his movement and hindered him; and a little earlier, the dispute was revived over Lycian affairs, concerning certain strongholds and territory which happened to lie on the frontier of the Rhodian Peraea, and which were constantly being harassed by those under Eumenes' command.
§27.7.7ἐκ πάντων δὴ τούτων εὐηκόως διέκειντο πρὸς πᾶν τὸ λεγόμενον κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως.
From all these things, they were favorably disposed to listen to everything said against the king.
§27.7.8διὸ ταύτης ἐπιλαβόμενοι τῆς ἀφορμῆς οἱ περὶ τὸν Δείνωνα διέσυρον τὴν ἐπιστολήν, φάσκοντες οὐ παρὰ Ῥωμαίων αὐτὴν ἥκειν, ἀλλὰ παρʼ Εὐμένους, θέλοντος αὐτοὺς ἐκείνου κατὰ πάντα τρόπον ἐμβιβάζειν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον καὶ προσάπτειν τῷ δήμῳ δαπάνας καὶ κακοπαθείας οὐκ ἀναγκαίας.
Therefore, taking hold of this pretext, Deinon and his party disparaged the letter, claiming that it did not come from the Romans, but from Eumenes, who wanted by all means to involve them in the war and to impose unnecessary expenses and hardships upon the people.
§27.7.9καὶ μαρτύριον ἐποίουν τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀποφάσεως τὸ παραγεγονέναι φέροντα τὴν ἐπιστολὴν [ἀλείπτην τινὰ καὶ] τοιοῦτον ἄνθρωπον, οὐκ εἰωθότων τοῦτο ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ λίαν μετὰ πολλῆς σπουδῆς καὶ προστασίας διαπεμπομένων ὑπὲρ τῶν τοιούτων. ἔλεγον δὲ ταῦτα,
And they made it a proof of their assertion that such a man, [a certain trainer], had arrived carrying the letter, whereas the Romans were not accustomed to do this, but rather sent messages about such matters with great earnestness and official representation.
§27.7.10καλῶς μὲν εἰδότες ὅτι συμβαίνει γεγράφθαι τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ Λοκρητίου, βουλόμενοι δὲ τοὺς πολλοὺς διδάσκειν μηδὲν ἐξ ἑτοίμου ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίοις, ἀλλʼ ἐν πᾶσι δυσχρηστεῖν καὶ διδόναι προσκοπῆς καὶ δυσαρεστήσεως ἀφορμάς.
They said this, knowing well indeed that the letter had been written by Lucretius, but wishing to instruct the multitude to do nothing readily for the Romans, but to be obstructive in all things and to provide occasions for offense and dissatisfaction.
§27.7.11ἦν γὰρ τὸ προκείμενον αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς πρὸς Ῥωμαίους εὐνοίας ἀλλοτριοῦν τὸν δῆμον, εἰς δὲ τὴν τοῦ Περσέως φιλίαν ἐμπλέκειν, καθʼ ὅσον οἷοί τʼ ἦσαν.
For their objective was to alienate the people from goodwill toward the Romans and to entangle them in friendship with Perseus, as far as they were able.
§27.7.12συνέβαινε δὲ τοὺς προειρημένους οἰκείους ὑπάρχειν διὰ τὸ τὸν μὲν Πολυάρατον, ἀλαζονικώτερον ὄντα καὶ κενόδοξον, ὑπόχρεων πεποιηκέναι τὴν οὐσίαν, τὸν δὲ Δείνωνα, φιλάργυρον ὄντα καὶ θρασύν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἰκεῖον εἶναι τῆς ἐκ τῶν δυναστῶν καὶ βασιλέων ἐπανορθώσεως.
It happened that the aforementioned men were intimately connected with him because Polyaratus, being rather arrogant and vain, had run his estate into debt, while Deinon, being avaricious and bold, had from the beginning been intimate with a view to restoring his fortunes from dynasts and kings.
§27.7.13ἐφʼ οἷς Στρατοκλῆς ὁ πρύτανις ἐπαναστὰς καὶ πολλὰ μὲν κατὰ τοῦ Περσέως εἰπών, πολλὰ δὲ περὶ Ῥωμαίων ἐπʼ ἀγαθῷ, παρώρμησε τοὺς πολλοὺς εἰς τὸ κυρῶσαι τὸ ψήφισμα τὸ περὶ τῆς ἐξαποστολῆς τῶν πλοίων.
Upon this, Stratocles the prytanis stood up and, having spoken much against Perseus and much to the advantage of the Romans, urged the multitude to pass the decree concerning the dispatch of the ships.
§27.7.14καὶ παραυτίκα καταρτίσαντες τετρήρεις ἕξ, πέντε μὲν ἐξαπέστειλαν ἐπὶ Χαλκίδος, ἡγεμόνα συστήσαντες ἐπʼ αὐτῶν Τιμαγόραν, τὴν δὲ μίαν εἰς Τένεδον, ἐφʼ ἧς ἄρχων ἐπέπλει §27.7.15Τιμαγόρας.
And immediately fitting out six quadriremes, they dispatched five to Chalcis, having appointed Timagoras as their commander, and one to Tenedos, on which sailed as commander Timagoras.
ὃς καὶ καταλαβὼν ἐν Τενέδῳ Διοφάνην, ἀπεσταλμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Περσέως πρὸς Ἀντίοχον, αὐτοῦ μὲν οὐκ ἐγενήθη κύριος, τοῦ δὲ πληρώματος.
He, having caught Diophanes at Tenedos, who had been sent by Perseus to Antiochus, did not indeed capture him, but got possession of his crew.
§27.7.16ὁ δὲ Λοκρήτιος πάντας ἀποδεξάμενος φιλανθρώπως τοὺς κατὰ θάλατταν παραγεγονότας συμμάχους ἀπέλυσε τῆς χρείας, φήσας οὐ προσδεῖσθαι τὰ πράγματα τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν βοηθείας. —
But Lucretius, having received all the allies who had arrived by sea kindly, dismissed them from service, saying that the situation did not require their assistance by sea.

Notes

  1. 27.7.1συνθεὶς — The participle `συνθεὶς` (from `συντίθημι`) literally means 'having composed' or 'having put together,' but in this context, it implies the act of entrusting or dispatching the letter via the trainer Socrates.
  2. 27.7.5ὑπαρχούσης — The genitive absolute clause starting with `ὑπαρχούσης` is coordinate with another genitive absolute clause beginning with `ἀναξαινομένης` in §27.7.6, presenting two grounds—the past distrust and the recent conflict—for the Rhodians' hostility toward Eumenes. Both are then connected to the main clause by `ἐκ πάντων δὴ τούτων` in §27.7.7.
  3. 27.7.12τῆς ἐκ τῶν δυναστῶν καὶ βασιλέων ἐπανορθώσεως — The noun `ἐπανόρθωσις` (restoration, rectification) functions here as an objective genitive of sorts, referring to Deinon's expectation of 'restoring' his own compromised fortunes through the subsidies or support obtained from foreign dynasts and kings.
  4. 27.7.15Τιμαγόρας — Although the subject of `ἄρχων ἐπέπλει` at the end of §27.7.14, the proper name `Τιμαγόρας` is postposed across the section boundary to the very beginning of §27.7.15 to serve as the immediate antecedent of the relative pronoun `ὃς`. This arrangement emphatically marks the transition and highlights the occurrence of the same name for two distinct operations.

Cite this passage

Polybius, The Histories §27.7.1-27.7.16. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:27.7.1-27.7.16

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