§3.38Χειμῶνος δὲ τάδε.
The signs of winter are these.
Ἥλιος δυόμενος εἰς μὴ καθαρόν.
The sun setting into a misty sky.
Καὶ ὡς ἂν μερισθῇ δυόμενος οὕτως αἱ ἡμέραι ἐπιτελοῦνται.
And in whatever way it is divided as it sets, so the days are fulfilled.
Οἷον εἰ τὸ τρίτον μέρος ἀπολειφθείη ἢ τὸ ἥμισυ.
For example, if a third part or a half should be left.
Τὸ σελήνιον ἐὰν ὀρθὸν ᾖ μέχρι τετράδος καὶ εἰ εὔκυκλον χειμάσει μέχρι διχοτόμου·
If the young moon is upright until the fourth day, and if it is well-rounded, there will be stormy weather until the half-moon.
γέρανοι ἐὰν πρωῒ πέτωνται καὶ ἀθρόοι πρωῒ χειμάσει, ἐὰν δὲ ὀψὲ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ὀψὲ χειμάσει.
If cranes fly early and in flocks, there will be an early winter; but if late and for a long time, there will be a late winter.
Καὶ ἐὰν ὑποστραφῶσι πετόμενοι χειμῶνα σημαίνουσι.
And if they turn back while flying, they indicate winter.
§3.39Χῆνες βοῶντες μᾶλλον ἢ περὶ σῖτον μαχόμενοι χειμέριον.
Geese cackling more than usual or fighting for food indicate stormy weather.
Σπίνος στρουθὸς σπίζων ἕωθεν χειμέριον.
A chaffinch chirping at dawn indicates stormy weather.
Ὄρχιλος εἰσιὼν καὶ εἰσδυόμενος εἰς ὀπὰς χειμῶνα σημαίνοσι καὶ ἐριθεὺς ὡσαύτως.
A wren entering and creeping into holes indicates winter, and the robin likewise.
Κορώνη ἐὰν ταχὺ δὶς κρώζῃ καὶ τρίτον χειμερίᾳ.
If a crow croaks rapidly twice and then a third time, it indicates stormy weather.
Καὶ κορώνη καὶ κόραξ καὶ κολοιὸς ὀψὲ ιἄδοντες χειμέριοι.
A crow, a raven, and a jackdaw singing late indicate stormy weather.
Στρουθὸς ἐὰν λευκὸς ἢ χελιδὼν ἢ ἄλλο τι τῶν μὴ εἰωθότων λευκῶν χειμῶνα μέγαν σημαίνουσιν, ὥσπερ καὶ μέλανες ἐὰν πολλοὶ φανῶσιν ὕδωρ.
If a sparrow is white, or a swallow, or any other bird not usually white, they indicate a severe winter, just as if many black ones appear they indicate rain.
§3.40Καὶ ἐὰν ἐκ πελάγους ὄρνιθες φεύγωσι χειμῶνα σημαίνουσι.
And if birds flee from the open sea, they indicate winter.
Καὶ σπίνος ἐν οἰκίᾳ οἰκουμένῃ φθεγγόμενος χειμέριον.
And a chaffinch calling in an inhabited house indicates stormy weather.
Ὅσα ὕδωρ σημαίνει χειμῶνα ἄγει, ἐὰν μὴ ὕδωρ χιόνα καὶ χειμῶνα.
Whatever signs indicate rain also bring winter; if not rain, they bring snow and winter.
Κόραξ φωνὰς πολλὰς μεταβάλλων χειμῶνος χειμέριον.
A raven changing its notes many times in winter indicates stormy weather.
οἰοιοῖ ἐκ τοῦ νότου πετόμενοι καὶ τευθίδες χειμέριαι.
The oioioi flying from the south, and squids, indicate stormy weather.
Φωνὴ ἐν λιμένι ἀποψοφοῦσα καὶ πολύπλοκον ἠχοῦσα χειμέριον.
A sound echoing and resonating intricately in a harbor indicates stormy weather.
Καὶ οἱ πνεύμονες οἱ θαλάττιοι ἐὰν πολλοὶ φαίνωνται ἐν τῷ πελάγει χειμερινοῦ ἔτους σημεῖον.
And if many sea-lungs appear in the open sea, it is a sign of a stormy year.
Πρόβατα ἐὰν πρωῒ ὀχεύηται πρώϊον χειμῶνα σημαίνουσι.
If sheep mate early, they indicate an early winter.
§3.41Μετοπώρῳ ἐὰν πρόβατα ἢ βόες ὀρύττωσι καὶ κοιμῶνται ἀθρόοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἔχοντες τὰς κεφαλὰς τὸν χειμῶνα χειμέριον σημαίνει.
In autumn, if sheep or oxen dig the ground and sleep in groups with their heads together, it indicates a severe winter.
Ἐν δὲ τῷ Πόντῳ φασὶν ὅταν Ἀρκτοῦρος ἀνατείλῃ * θᾶττον ἐναντίους τῷ βορρᾷ νέμεσθαι.
And in Pontus they say that when Arcturus rises, they feed more quickly with their backs to the north wind.
Βόες μᾶλλον ἐσθίοντες τοῦ εἰωθότος καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ δεξιὸν κατακλινόμενοι χειμέριον.
Oxen eating more than usual and lying down on their right side indicate stormy weather.
Καὶ ὦτα κρούων ὄνος χειμέριον· καὶ μαχόμενα πρόβατα καὶ ὄρνιθες περὶ σίτου παρὰ τὸ ἔθος· πρπαρααευάζονται γάρ· καὶ μῦες τρίζοντες καὶ ὀρχούμενοι χιμέριον.
And an ass shaking its ears indicates stormy weather; so do sheep and birds fighting for food contrary to their custom, for they are preparing themselves; and mice squeaking and dancing indicate stormy weather.
§3.42Καὶ κύων τοῖς ποσὶν ὀρύττουσα καὶ ὀλλυγὼν ᾄδουσα μόνη ἀκρωρίας χειμέριον.
And a dog digging with its paws, and a screech-owl hooting alone at dusk, indicate stormy weather.
Γῆς ἔντερα πολλὰ φαινόμενα χειμῶνα σημαίνει.
Many earthworms appearing indicates winter.
Καὶ ἐὰν πῦρ μὴ θέλῃ ἅπτεσθαι χειμέριον· καὶ ἐὰν λύχνος ἅπτεσθαι μὴ ἐθέλῃ χειμῶνα σημαίνει· καὶ τέφρα πηγνυμένη νιφετόν.
And if fire is reluctant to catch, it indicates stormy weather; and if a lamp is reluctant to catch, it indicates winter; and ashes packing together indicates snow.
Λύχνος εὐδίας ἡσυχαῖος καιόμενος χειμῶνα σημαίνει· καὶ ἐὰν χειμῶνος ὄντος μύκαι μέλαιναι ἐπιγίνωνται χειμῶνα σημαίνει· καὶ ὥσπερ ἐὰν κέγχροις ποαλλοῖς κατάπλεως ᾖ χειμερίσει· καὶ ἐὰν κύκλῳ περὶ τὸ λαμπρὸν ὦσιν εὐδίας οὔσης χιονικόν.
A lamp burning quietly during fair weather indicates winter; and if during winter black fungus-like snuffs form on the wick, it indicates winter; and likewise if it is full of many millet-like sparks, it will be stormy; and if during fair weather there are rings around the flame, it indicates snow.
§3.43Ἡ τοῦ ὄνου φάτνη εἰ συνίσταται καὶ ζοφερὰ γίνεται χειμῶνα σημαίνει.
If the "Manger" condenses and becomes dark, it indicates winter.
Καὶ ἐὰν ἀστραπὴ λαμπρὰ μὴ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ μένῃ χειμέριον.
And if bright lightning does not remain in the same place, it indicates stormy weather.
Ἐπὶ πλειάδι δυομένῃ ἐὰν λάμψῃ κατὰ Πάρνηθα καὶ Βρίληττον καὶ Ὕμηττον, ἐὰν μὲν ἅπαντα καταλάμψῃ μέγαν χειμῶνα σημαίνει, ἐὰν δὲ τὰ δύο ἐλάττω, ἐὰν δὲ Πάρνηθα μόνον εὐδιεινόν·
At the setting of the Pleiades, if there is lightning in the direction of Parnes, Brilessus, and Hymettus: if it lights up all of them, it indicates a great winter; if two of them, a lesser winter; if Parnes alone, fair weather.
καὶ ἐὰν χειμῶνος ὄντος νεφέλη μακρὰ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἕμηττον ᾖ χεμῶνος ἐπίτασιν σημαίνει.
And if during winter a long cloud lies over Hymettus, it indicates an intensification of the winter.
Ἄθως καὶ Ἔλυμπος καὶ ὅλως ὀρέων κορυφαὶ κατεχόμεναι ὑπὸ νεφελῶν χειμέριον.
Mount Athos, Olympus, and generally the peaks of mountains covered by clouds indicate stormy weather.
Ἐὰν εὐδίας γινομένης νεφέλιον φαίνηται ἐν τῷ ἀέρι, παρατεταμένον καὶ τιλλόμενον οὔπω παύεται ὁ χειμών.
If, while fair weather is coming on, a small cloud appears in the sky, stretched out and wispy, the winter is not yet over.