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Herodotus · Histories §3.122.1-3.122.4

Polycrates' Thalassocracy and Oroetes' Letter

Passage 526 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

After mentioning the two accounts of Polycrates' death, the text explains his status as the first in the historical generation to aim for maritime empire, and presents the letter sent by the satrap Oroetes offering wealth in exchange for asylum.

§3.122.1αἰτίαι μὲν δὴ αὗται διφάσιαι λέγονται τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ Πολυκράτεος γενέσθαι, πάρεστι δὲ πείθεσθαι ὁκοτέρῃ τις βούλεται αὐτέων.
These two different accounts are given of the death of Polycrates, and it is open to anyone to believe whichever of them he wishes.
ὁ δὲ ὦν Ὀροίτης ἱζόμενος ἐν Μαγνησίῃ τῇ ὑπὲρ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ οἰκημένῃ ἔπεμπε Μύρσον τὸν Γύγεω ἄνδρα Λυδὸν ἐς Σάμον ἀγγελίην φέροντα, μαθὼν τοῦ Πολυκράτεος τὸν νόον.
Now Oroetes, who was established in Magnesia, situated above the river Maeander, sent Myrsus, the son of Gyges, a Lydian, to Samos bearing a message, having learned the mind of Polycrates.
§3.122.2Πολυκράτης γὰρ ἐστὶ πρῶτος τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν Ἑλλήνων ὃς θαλασσοκρατέειν ἐπενοήθη, πάρεξ Μίνωός τε τοῦ Κνωσσίου καὶ εἰ δή τις ἄλλος πρότερος τούτου ἦρξε τῆς θαλάσσης· τῆς δὲ ἀνθρωπηίης λεγομένης γενεῆς Πολυκράτης πρῶτος, ἐλπίδας πολλὰς ἔχων Ἰωνίης τε καὶ νήσων ἄρξειν.
For Polycrates is the first of the Greeks whom we know to have conceived the design of gaining the empire of the sea, except for Minos of Knossos and any other who may have ruled the sea before him; but of the so-called human generation Polycrates was the first, having great hopes that he would rule over Ionia and the islands.
§3.122.3μαθὼν ὦν ταῦτά μιν διανοεύμενον ὁ Ὀροίτης πέμψας ἀγγελίην ἔλεγε τάδε. Ὀροίτης Πολυκράτεϊ ὧδε λέγει. πυνθάνομαι ἐπιβουλεύειν σε πρήγμασι μεγάλοισι, καὶ χρήματά τοι οὐκ εἶναι κατὰ τὰ φρονήματα.
Having learned, therefore, that he was intending these things, Oroetes sent a messenger and said as follows: "Oroetes speaks thus to Polycrates: I understand that you are planning great things, but that you have not money answerable to your thoughts.
σύ νυν ὧδε ποιήσας ὀρθώσεις μὲν σεωυτόν, σώσεις δὲ καὶ ἐμέ· ἐμοὶ γὰρ βασιλεὺς Καμβύσης ἐπιβουλεύει θάνατον, καί μοι τοῦτο ἐξαγγέλλεται σαφηνέως.
Now, therefore, if you do as follows, you will raise up yourself and also save me; for King Cambyses is plotting death against me, and this is clearly reported to me.
§3.122.4σύ νυν ἐμὲ ἐκκομίσας αὐτὸν καὶ χρήματα, τὰ μὲν αὐτῶν αὐτὸς ἔχε, τὰ δὲ ἐμὲ ἔα ἔχειν· εἵνεκέν τε χρημάτων ἄρξεις ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
Do you, then, rescue me myself and my money, and keep part of it for yourself, and let me keep the rest; and by means of this money you will rule over all Greece.
εἰ δέ μοι ἀπιστέεις τὰ περὶ τῶν χρημάτων, πέμψον ὅστις τοι πιστότατος τυγχάνει ἐών, τῷ ἐγὼ ἀποδέξω.
But if you disbelieve me concerning the money, send whoever happens to be your most trusted servant, to whom I will show it."

Notes

  1. 3.122.1ὁκοτέρῃ τις βούλεται — The dative relative pronoun `ὁκοτέρῃ` serves as the object of the verb `πείθεσθαι` ('to believe'), meaning 'whichever [of them]' under the influence of the genitive `αὐτέων`.
  2. 3.122.2τῆς δὲ ἀνθρωπηίης λεγομένης γενεῆς — A partitive genitive or genitive of comparison depending on the adjective `πρῶτος` ('first'). It refers to the historically recorded 'human generation' as opposed to the mythological heroic age (such as Minos).
  3. 3.122.3μαθὼν ὦν ταῦτά μิน διανοεύμενον — The participle `μαθών` ('having learned') takes an accusative object `μιν` ('him', referring to Polycrates) and a supplementary participle `διανοεύμενον` ('intending'), meaning 'learning that he was intending these things.'
  4. 3.122.4ἐκκομίσας αὐτὸν καὶ χρήματα — The pronoun `αὐτόν` functions as an intensive pronoun emphasizing `ἐμέ` ('myself'), so that `ἐμὲ αὐτὸν καὶ χρήματα` means 'myself and the money,' serving as the object of the participle `ἐκκομίσας`.
  5. 3.122.4ὅστις τοι πιστότατος τυγχάνει ἐών — The construction of the verb `τυγχάνω` with a supplementary participle (here `ἐών`) means 'to happen to be' or 'actually to be.' The pronoun `τοι` is a dative of interest or possession ('to you' / 'your').

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §3.122.1-3.122.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.122.1-3.122.4

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