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Herodotus · Histories §2.118.1-2.118.4

Priests' Account of the Trojan War and Helen's Absence

Passage 334 of 1577 · Greek

Summary

Herodotus learns from the Egyptian priests the historical background of the Trojan War, which traces back to Menelaus himself. The Greek army besieged and captured Troy because they did not believe the Trojans' claim that Helen was not there, only to send Menelaus to Egypt after finding out the truth.

§2.118.1Ὅμηρος μέν νυν καὶ τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα χαιρέτω.
Let Homer and the "Cypria" be dismissed for now.
εἰρομένου δέ μευ τοὺς ἱρέας εἰ μάταιον λόγον λέγουσι οἱ Ἕλληνες τὰ περὶ Ἴλιον γενέσθαι ἢ οὔ, ἔφασαν πρὸς ταῦτα τάδε, ἱστορίῃσι φάμενοι εἰδέναι παρʼ αὐτοῦ Μενέλεω.
When I asked the priests whether the story that the Greeks tell about the events at Ilion is a foolish tale or not, they replied to this as follows, saying that they knew it from inquiries made to Menelaus himself.
§2.118.2ἐλθεῖν μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὴν Ἑλένης ἁρπαγὴν ἐς τὴν Τευκρίδα γῆν Ἑλλήνων στρατιὴν πολλὴν βοηθεῦσαν Μενέλεῳ, ἐκβᾶσαν δὲ ἐς γῆν καὶ ἱδρυθεῖσαν τὴν στρατιὴν πέμπειν ἐς τὸ Ἴλιον ἀγγέλους, σὺν δέ σφι ἰέναι καὶ αὐτὸν Μενέλεων·
For they said that after the abduction of Helen, a great army of Greeks came to the Teucrian land to help Menelaus, and having disembarked and encamped, the army sent messengers to Ilion, and with them went Menelaus himself.
§2.118.3τοὺς δʼ ἐπείτε ἐσελθεῖν ἐς τὸ τεῖχος, ἀπαιτέειν Ἑλένην τε καὶ τὰ χρήματα τά οἱ οἴχετο κλέψας Ἀλέξανδρος, τῶν τε ἀδικημάτων δίκας αἰτέειν·
When these had entered within the wall, they demanded Helen and the possessions which Alexander had stolen and gone off with, and demanded justice for the wrongs.
τοὺς δὲ Τευκροὺς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον λέγειν τότε καὶ μετέπειτα, καὶ ὀμνύντας καὶ ἀνωμοτί, μὴ μὲν ἔχειν Ἑλένην μηδὲ τὰ ἐπικαλεύμενα χρήματα, ἀλλʼ εἶναι αὐτὰ πάντα ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἂν δικαίως αὐτοὶ δίκας ὑπέχειν τῶν Πρωτεὺς ὁ Αἰγύπτιος βασιλεὺς ἔχει.
But the Teucrians told the same story then and thereafter, both under oath and without oath, that they did not have Helen nor the demanded possessions, but they were all in Egypt, and that they could not justly suffer punishment for what Proteus, the Egyptian king, possessed.
§2.118.4οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες καταγελᾶσθαι δοκέοντες ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οὕτω δὴ ἐπολιόρκεον, ἐς ὃ ἐξεῖλον·
The Greeks, however, thinking they were being mocked by them, thus besieged the city until they captured it.
ἑλοῦσι δὲ τὸ τεῖχος ὡς οὐκ ἐφαίνετο ἡ Ἑλένη, ἀλλὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον τῷ προτέρῳ ἐπυνθάνοντο, οὕτω δὴ πιστεύσαντες τῷ λόγῳ τῷ πρώτῳ οἱ Ἕλληνες αὐτὸν Μενέλεων ἀποστέλλουσι παρὰ Πρωτέα.
But when they had taken the wall and Helen did not appear, but they heard the same story as before, the Greeks, then finally believing that first story, sent Menelaus himself to Proteus.

Notes

  1. 2.118.1εἰρομένου δέ μευ — Genitive absolute construction. The pronoun `μευ` (Ionic for `μου`) acts as the subject, meaning "when I asked (the priests)."
  2. 2.118.2ἐλθεῖν μὲν γὰρ... πέμπειν... ἰέναι — The series of infinitives spanning §2.118.2 and §2.118.3 are in indirect speech (accusative with infinitive) governed by the verb `ἔφασαν` ("they said") in the previous section, indicating the testimony of the priests.
  3. 2.118.3οἴχετο κλέψας — An idiomatic construction where the verb `οἴχομαι` ("to have gone/departed") combined with a participle (`κλέψας`) emphasizes the departure after performing the action, meaning "stole and went off."
  4. 2.118.3τῶν — Relative pronoun. The antecedent (likely `τούτων`) is omitted, and attraction to the genitive case has occurred because the main verb phrase `δίκας ὑπέχειν` ("to suffer punishment/make amends for") requires the genitive.

Cite this passage

Herodotus, Histories §2.118.1-2.118.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0016.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.118.1-2.118.4

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