Humanitext Reader

Homer · Odyssey §14.468-14.533

Tale of the Night Ambush and Eumaeus' Cloak

Passage 102 of 173 · Greek

Summary

The disguised Odysseus tells Eumaeus a fabricated tale of how, during an ambush at Troy, his cleverness obtained him a cloak on a freezing night. Touched by the story, Eumaeus lends him a warm cloak to sleep in and goes outside to guard the swine through the night.

§14.468εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη, §14.469ὡς ὅθʼ ὑπὸ Τροίην λόχον ἤγομεν ἀρτύναντες.
"Would that I were young like that and my strength were still firm, as when we led an ambush under Troy, having arranged it.
§14.470ἡγείσθην δʼ Ὀδυσεύς τε καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος, §14.471τοῖσι δʼ ἅμα τρίτος ἄρχον ἐγών· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἄνωγον.
And the leaders were Odysseus and Menelaus, son of Atreus, and with them I ruled as third; for they themselves bid me.
§14.472ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥʼ ἱκόμεσθα ποτὶ πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος, §14.473ἡμεῖς μὲν περὶ ἄστυ κατὰ ῥωπήϊα πυκνά, §14.474ἂν δόνακας καὶ ἕλος, ὑπὸ τεύχεσι πεπτηῶτες §14.475κείμεθα.
But when indeed we arrived at the city and the steep wall, we indeed around the city among the thick brushwood, along the reeds and the marsh, crouching under our armor, were lying.
νὺξ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπῆλθε κακὴ Βορέαο πεσόντος, §14.476πηγυλίς· αὐτὰρ ὕπερθε χιὼν γένετʼ ἠΰτε πάχνη, §14.477ψυχρή, καὶ σακέεσσι περιτρέφετο κρύσταλλος.
And night came on, bad, as the North wind blew, freezing; and from above snow came down like rime, cold, and ice formed around our shields.
§14.478ἔνθʼ ἄλλοι πάντες χλαίνας ἔχον ἠδὲ χιτῶνας, §14.479εὗδον δʼ εὔκηλοι, σάκεσιν εἰλυμένοι ὤμους· §14.480αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ χλαῖναν μὲν ἰὼν ἑτάροισιν ἔλειπον §14.481ἀφραδίῃς, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐφάμην ῥιγωσέμεν ἔμπης, §14.482ἀλλʼ ἑπόμην σάκος οἶον ἔχων καὶ ζῶμα φαεινόν.
Then all the others had cloaks and tunics, and they slept peacefully, wrapping their shoulders with their shields; but I, when setting out, had foolishly left my cloak with my companions, since I did not think I would be cold at all, but I followed having only my shield and a shining loin-cloth.
§14.483ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τρίχα νυκτὸς ἔην, μετὰ δʼ ἄστρα βεβήκει, §14.484καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν Ὀδυσῆα προσηύδων ἐγγὺς ἐόντα §14.485ἀγκῶνι νύξας· ὁ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐμμαπέως ὑπάκουσε· §14.486διογενὲς Λαερτιάδη, πολυμήχανʼ Ὀδυσσεῦ, §14.487οὔ τοι ἔτι ζωοῖσι μετέσσομαι, ἀλλά με χεῖμα §14.488δάμναται· οὐ γὰρ ἔχω χλαῖναν· παρά μʼ ἤπαφε δαίμων §14.489οἰοχίτωνʼ ἔμεναι· νῦν δʼ οὐκέτι φυκτὰ πέλονται. §14.490ὣς ἐφάμην, ὁ δʼ ἔπειτα νόον σχέθε τόνδʼ ἐνὶ θυμῷ, §14.491οἷος κεῖνος ἔην βουλευέμεν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι· §14.492φθεγξάμενος δʼ ὀλίγῃ ὀπί με πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπε· §14.493σίγα νῦν, μή τίς σευ Ἀχαιῶν ἄλλος ἀκούσῃ. §14.494ἦ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀγκῶνος κεφαλὴν σχέθεν εἶπέ τε μῦθον· §14.495κλῦτε, φίλοι· θεῖός μοι ἐνύπνιον ἦλθεν ὄνειρος.
But when indeed it was the third part of the night, and the stars had passed, then indeed I addressed Odysseus who was near, nudging him with my elbow; and he quickly listened: 'Zeus-born son of Laertes, resourceful Odysseus, no longer indeed shall I be among the living, but the cold subdues me; for I have no cloak; a god beguiled me to go with only a tunic; and now there is no longer escape.' Thus I spoke, and he then held this plan in his mind, such a man as he was for planning and fighting; and speaking in a low voice he addressed a word to me: 'Be silent now, lest some other of the Achaeans hear you.' He spoke, and holding his head on his elbow, he spoke a word: 'Hear me, friends; a divine dream came to me in my sleep.
§14.496λίην γὰρ νηῶν ἑκὰς ἤλθομεν· ἀλλά τις εἴη §14.497εἰπεῖν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι, ποιμένι λαῶν, §14.498εἰ πλέονας παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐποτρύνειε νέεσθαι. §14.499ὣς ἔφατʼ, ὦρτο δʼ ἔπειτα Θόας, Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός, §14.500καρπαλίμως, ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν θέτο φοινικόεσσαν, §14.501βῆ δὲ θέειν ἐπὶ νῆας· ἐγὼ δʼ ἐνὶ εἵματι κείνου §14.502κείμην ἀσπασίως, φάε δὲ χρυσόθρονος Ἠώς.
For we have come too far from the ships; but let there be someone to tell Agamemnon, son of Atreus, shepherd of the people, if he might urge more men to come from the ships.' Thus he spoke, and then Thoas rose up, son of Andraemon, quickly, and put off his purple cloak, and started to run to the ships; and I in his garment lay gladly, and gold-throned Dawn shone.
§14.503ὣς νῦν ἡβώοιμι βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη·
Would that I were young like that now, and my strength were still firm!
§14.504δοίη κέν τις χλαῖναν ἐνὶ σταθμοῖσι συφορβῶν, §14.505ἀμφότερον, φιλότητι καὶ αἰδοῖ φωτὸς ἑῆος· §14.506νῦν δέ μʼ ἀτιμάζουσι κακὰ χροῒ εἵματʼ ἔχοντα. §14.507τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· §14.508ὦ γέρον, αἶνος μέν τοι ἀμύμων, ὃν κατέλεξας, §14.509οὐδέ τί πω παρὰ μοῖραν ἔπος νηκερδὲς ἔειπες· §14.510τῷ οὔτʼ ἐσθῆτος δευήσεαι οὔτε τευ ἄλλου, §14.511ὧν ἐπέοιχʼ ἱκέτην ταλαπείριον ἀντιάσαντα, §14.512νῦν· ἀτὰρ ἠῶθέν γε τὰ σὰ ῥάκεα δνοπαλίξεις.
Someone in the steading of the swineherds would give me a cloak, both out of friendship and out of respect for a good man; but now they dishonor me because I have poor garments on my body.' To him in answer you spoke, Eumaeus, swineherd: "Old man, the tale indeed is blameless which you have told, nor have you yet spoken any word out of place or useless; therefore you shall lack neither clothing nor anything else, of those things which it is fitting for a long-suffering suppliant to meet with, now; but in the morning you shall shake your own rags.
§14.513οὐ γὰρ πολλαὶ χλαῖναι ἐπημοιβοί τε χιτῶνες §14.514ἐνθάδε ἕννυσθαι, μία δʼ οἴη φωτὶ ἑκάστῳ.
For there are not many cloaks or change of tunics here to wear, but only one for each man.
§14.515αὐτὰρ ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσιν Ὀδυσσῆος φίλος υἱός, §14.516αὐτός τοι χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε εἵματα δώσει, §14.517πέμψει δʼ ὅππῃ σε κραδίη θυμός τε κελεύει. §14.518ὣς εἰπὼν ἀνόρουσε, τίθει δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυρὸς ἐγγὺς §14.519εὐνήν, ἐν δʼ ὀΐων τε καὶ αἰγῶν δέρματʼ ἔβαλλεν.
But when the dear son of Odysseus comes, he himself will give you a cloak and tunic, garments, and will send you wherever your heart and mind bid you." Thus having spoken, he leaped up, and placed for him near the fire a bed, and threw on it skins of sheep and goats.
§14.520ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κατέλεκτʼ· ἐπὶ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλεν αὐτῷ §14.521πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην, ἥ οἱ παρεκέσκετʼ ἀμοιβάς, §14.522ἕννυσθαι ὅτε τις χειμὼν ἔκπαγλος ὄροιτο.
There Odysseus lay down; and Eumaeus threw over him a cloak thick and large, which lay by him as a change of clothing, to wear whenever any terrible storm should arise.
§14.523ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κοιμήσατο, τοὶ δὲ παρʼ αὐτὸν §14.524ἄνδρες κοιμήσαντο νεηνίαι· οὐδὲ συβώτῃ §14.525ἥνδανεν αὐτόθι κοῖτος, ὑῶν ἄπο κοιμηθῆναι, §14.526ἀλλʼ ὅ γʼ ἄρʼ ἔξω ἰὼν ὡπλίζετο· χαῖρε δʼ Ὀδυσσεύς, §14.527ὅττι ῥά οἱ βιότου περικήδετο νόσφιν ἐόντος.
Thus there indeed Odysseus slept, and by him the young men slept; but for the swineherd a bed there did not please him, to sleep away from his swine, but he went outside and armed himself; and Odysseus rejoiced, because he cared so much for his property while he was away.
§14.528πρῶτον μὲν ξίφος ὀξὺ περὶ στιβαροῖς βάλετʼ ὤμοις, §14.529ἀμφὶ δὲ χλαῖναν ἑέσσατʼ ἀλεξάνεμον, μάλα πυκνήν, §14.530ἂν δὲ νάκην ἕλετʼ αἰγὸς ἐϋτρεφέος μεγάλοιο, §14.531εἵλετο δʼ ὀξὺν ἄκοντα, κυνῶν ἀλκτῆρα καὶ ἀνδρῶν.
First indeed he threw a sharp sword about his sturdy shoulders, and put around him a wind-shielding cloak, very thick, and took the fleece of a well-fed, large goat, and took a sharp javelin, a defender against dogs and men.
§14.532βῆ δʼ ἴμεναι κείων ὅθι περ σύες ἀργιόδοντες §14.533πέτρῃ ὕπο γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπʼ ἰωγῇ.
And he went to lie down where the white-tusked swine slept under a hollow rock, sheltered from the North wind.

Notes

  1. 14.468εἴθʼ ὣς ἡβώοιμι — The conjunction εἴθε followed by the optative (ἡβώοιμι) expresses an unattainable wish (yearning for past youth). The subsequent clause βίη τέ μοι ἔμπεδος εἴη also uses the optative εἴη to continue this expression of wish.
  2. 14.481ἐπει οὐκ ἐφάμην ῥιγωσέμεν ἔμπης — The negative οὐ modifies the main verb φημί, forming the standard construction οὔ φημι + infinitive meaning 'to deny' or 'to think that... not'. The future infinitive ῥιγωσέμεν is a Homeric dialectal form (with the ending -έμεν), expressing 'since I did not think I would be cold at all'.
  3. 14.489οἰοχίτωνʼ — The adjective οἰοχίτων (wearing only a tunic, single-cloaked) functions as a predicative adjective agreeing in the accusative (οἰοχίτωνα) with the implied subject of the infinitive (the narrator, represented by με). In combination with the verb ἤπαφε (from ἀπαφίσκω, 'beguiled'), it expresses the result of the deception: 'beguiled me into being dressed only in a tunic'.

Cite this passage

Homer, Odyssey §14.468-14.533. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:14.468-14.533

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