Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §13.421-13.489

The Death of Alcathous and Confrontation with Aeneas

Passage 116 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Idomeneus, with the help of Poseidon, slays the Trojan leader Alcathous and boasts over Deiphobus. Deiphobus then enlists the aid of Aeneas to seek vengeance, prompting Idomeneus to summon his own Achaean comrades to stand their ground.

§13.421τὸν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ὑποδύντε δύω ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι §13.422Μηκιστεὺς Ἐχίοιο πάϊς καὶ δῖος Ἀλάστωρ, §13.423νῆας ἔπι γλαφυρὰς φερέτην βαρέα στενάχοντα.
Then two trusty companions, supporting him from beneath, Mecisteus, son of Echius, and noble Alastor, carried him, groaning heavily, to the hollow ships.
§13.424Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ οὐ λῆγε μένος μέγα, ἵετο δʼ αἰεὶ §13.425ἠέ τινα Τρώων ἐρεβεννῇ νυκτὶ καλύψαι §13.426ἢ αὐτὸς δουπῆσαι ἀμύνων λοιγὸν Ἀχαιοῖς.
But Idomeneus did not cease from his great fury, but was always eager either to cover some Trojan with dark night, or to fall with a thud himself, warding off destruction from the Achaeans.
§13.427ἔνθʼ Αἰσυήταο διοτρεφέος φίλον υἱὸν §13.428ἥρωʼ Ἀλκάθοον, γαμβρὸς δʼ ἦν Ἀγχίσαο, §13.429πρεσβυτάτην δʼ ὤπυιε θυγατρῶν Ἱπποδάμειαν §13.430τὴν περὶ κῆρι φίλησε πατὴρ καὶ πότνια μήτηρ §13.431ἐν μεγάρῳ· πᾶσαν γὰρ ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαστο §13.432κάλλεϊ καὶ ἔργοισιν ἰδὲ φρεσί· τοὔνεκα καί μιν §13.433γῆμεν ἀνὴρ ὤριστος ἐνὶ Τροίῃ εὐρείῃ·
There [he slew] the dear son of Zeus-nurtured Aesyetes, the hero Alcathous, who was the son-in-law of Anchises, and had married the eldest of his daughters, Hippodameia, whom her father and lady mother loved from their hearts in their hall; for she excelled all those of her own age in beauty, and handiwork, and mind; wherefore also the best man in wide Troy married her.
§13.434τὸν τόθʼ ὑπʼ Ἰδομενῆϊ Ποσειδάων ἐδάμασσε §13.435θέλξας ὄσσε φαεινά, πέδησε δὲ φαίδιμα γυῖα· §13.436οὔτε γὰρ ἐξοπίσω φυγέειν δύνατʼ οὔτʼ ἀλέασθαι, §13.437ἀλλʼ ὥς τε στήλην ἢ δένδρεον ὑψιπέτηλον §13.438ἀτρέμας ἑσταότα στῆθος μέσον οὔτασε δουρὶ §13.439ἥρως Ἰδομενεύς, ῥῆξεν δέ οἱ ἀμφὶ χιτῶνα §13.440χάλκεον, ὅς οἱ πρόσθεν ἀπὸ χροὸς ἤρκει ὄλεθρον·
Him did Poseidon then subdue under Idomeneus, having cast a spell over his shining eyes, and fettered his glorious limbs; for he was neither able to flee backward nor to escape, but like a pillar or a high-foliaged tree, standing motionless, the hero Idomeneus struck him with his spear right in the breast, and rent the bronze tunic about him, which before had warded off destruction from his body; and then indeed it rang out dryly as it was rent around the spear.
§13.441δὴ τότε γʼ αὖον ἄϋσεν ἐρεικόμενος περὶ δουρί. §13.442δούπησεν δὲ πεσών, δόρυ δʼ ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει, §13.443ἥ ῥά οἱ ἀσπαίρουσα καὶ οὐρίαχον πελέμιζεν §13.444ἔγχεος· ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης· §13.445Ἰδομενεὺς δʼ ἔκπαγλον ἐπεύξατο μακρὸν ἀΰσας §13.446Δηΐφοβʼ ἦ ἄρα δή τι ἐΐσκομεν ἄξιον εἶναι §13.447τρεῖς ἑνὸς ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι;
And he fell with a thud, and the spear was fixed in his heart, which, panting, shook even the butt-end of the spear; and there then did mighty Ares let go its fury; and Idomeneus exulted terribly, shouting aloud: "Deiphobus, do we then deem it to be something equal, that three should be slain instead of one?
ἐπεὶ σύ περ εὔχεαι οὕτω.
Since you boast so.
§13.448δαιμόνιʼ ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐναντίον ἵστασʼ ἐμεῖο, §13.449ὄφρα ἴδῃ οἷος Ζηνὸς γόνος ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνω, §13.450ὃς πρῶτον Μίνωα τέκε Κρήτῃ ἐπίουρον· §13.451Μίνως δʼ αὖ τέκεθʼ υἱὸν ἀμύμονα Δευκαλίωνα, §13.452Δευκαλίων δʼ ἐμὲ τίκτε πολέσσʼ ἄνδρεσσιν ἄνακτα §13.453Κρήτῃ ἐν εὐρείῃ· νῦν δʼ ἐνθάδε νῆες ἔνεικαν §13.454σοί τε κακὸν καὶ πατρὶ καὶ ἄλλοισι Τρώεσσιν. §13.455ὣς φάτο, Δηΐφοβος δὲ διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν §13.456ἤ τινά που Τρώων ἑταρίσσαιτο μεγαθύμων §13.457ἂψ ἀναχωρήσας, ἦ πειρήσαιτο καὶ οἶος.
Strange man, but stand yourself also against me, so that you may see what kind of offspring of Zeus I am who have come hither, who first begat Minos, guardian over Crete; and Minos in turn begat a blameless son, Deucalion, and Deucalion begat me, lord over many men in wide Crete; and now ships have brought me hither, a bane to you and to your father and to the other Trojans." So he spoke, and Deiphobus was divided in counsel, whether he should associate with him some of the great-hearted Trojans, falling back, or make trial even alone.
§13.458ὧδε δέ οἱ φρονέοντι δοάσσατο κέρδιον εἶναι §13.459βῆναι ἐπʼ Αἰνείαν· τὸν δʼ ὕστατον εὗρεν ὁμίλου §13.460ἑσταότʼ· αἰεὶ γὰρ Πριάμῳ ἐπεμήνιε δίῳ §13.461οὕνεκʼ ἄρʼ ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα μετʼ ἀνδράσιν οὔ τι τίεσκεν.
And as he thought thus, it seemed to him to be better to go after Aeneas; and he found him standing last of the throng; for he was always angry with noble Priam, because, though he was noble among men, Priam honored him not at all.
§13.462ἀγχοῦ δʼ ἱστάμενος ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §13.463Αἰνεία Τρώων βουληφόρε νῦν σε μάλα χρὴ §13.464γαμβρῷ ἀμυνέμεναι, εἴ πέρ τί σε κῆδος ἱκάνει.
And standing near, he spoke winged words to him: "Aeneas, counselor of the Trojans, now there is great need for you to defend your brother-in-law, if indeed any grief concern comes upon you.
§13.465ἀλλʼ ἕπευ Ἀλκαθόῳ ἐπαμύνομεν, ὅς σε πάρος γε §13.466γαμβρὸς ἐὼν ἔθρεψε δόμοις ἔνι τυτθὸν ἐόντα· §13.467τὸν δέ τοι Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτὸς ἐξενάριξεν. §13.468ὣς φάτο, τῷ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε, §13.469βῆ δὲ μετʼ Ἰδομενῆα μέγα πτολέμοιο μεμηλώς.
But follow, let us defend Alcathous, who formerly, being your brother-in-law, reared you in his halls when you were little; him has spear-famed Idomeneus despoiled." So he spoke, and stirred the heart within Aeneas' breast, and he went after Idomeneus, greatly eager for battle.
§13.470ἀλλʼ οὐκ Ἰδομενῆα φόβος λάβε τηλύγετον ὥς, §13.471ἀλλʼ ἔμενʼ ὡς ὅτε τις σῦς οὔρεσιν ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς, §13.472ὅς τε μένει κολοσυρτὸν ἐπερχόμενον πολὺν ἀνδρῶν §13.473χώρῳ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ, φρίσσει δέ τε νῶτον ὕπερθεν· §13.474ὀφθαλμὼ δʼ ἄρα οἱ πυρὶ λάμπετον· αὐτὰρ ὀδόντας §13.475θήγει, ἀλέξασθαι μεμαὼς κύνας ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρας· §13.476ὣς μένεν Ἰδομενεὺς δουρικλυτός, οὐδʼ ὑπεχώρει, §13.477Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα βοηθόον· αὖε δʼ ἑταίρους §13.478Ἀσκάλαφόν τʼ ἐσορῶν Ἀφαρῆά τε Δηΐπυρόν τε §13.479Μηριόνην τε καὶ Ἀντίλοχον μήστωρας ἀϋτῆς· §13.480τοὺς ὅ γʼ ἐποτρύνων ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα· §13.481δεῦτε φίλοι, καί μʼ οἴῳ ἀμύνετε· δείδια δʼ αἰνῶς §13.482Αἰνείαν ἐπιόντα πόδας ταχύν, ὅς μοι ἔπεισιν, §13.483ὃς μάλα καρτερός ἐστι μάχῃ ἔνι φῶτας ἐναίρειν· §13.484καὶ δʼ ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον.
But fear did not seize Idomeneus like some tender child, but he remained even as a wild boar in the mountains, trusting in his strength, who awaits a great, oncoming rabble of men in a lonely place, and bristles his back above; and his eyes flash with fire; and he whets his tusks, eager to ward off dogs and men; so remained spear-famed Idomeneus, and retreated not, before Aeneas coming to the rescue; and he called aloud to his companions, looking toward Ascalaphus and Aphareus and Deipyrus, and Meriones and Antilochus, counselors of the battle-cry; spurring them on, he spoke winged words to them: "Come hither, friends, and defend me, who am alone; and I fear terribly swift-footed Aeneas, who is coming against me, who is very strong to slay men in battle; and moreover he has the flower of youth, which is the greatest strength.
§13.485εἰ γὰρ ὁμηλικίη γε γενοίμεθα τῷδʼ ἐπὶ θυμῷ §13.486αἶψά κεν ἠὲ φέροιτο μέγα κράτος, ἠὲ φεροίμην. §13.487ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἄρα πάντες ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες §13.488πλησίοι ἔστησαν, σάκεʼ ὤμοισι κλίναντες.
For if we were of like age, with this spirit, quickly either he would win great victory, or I would." So he spoke, and they all, having one mind in their breasts, stood close together, leaning their shields against their shoulders.
§13.489Αἰνείας δʼ ἑτέρωθεν ἐκέκλετο οἷς ἑτάροισι
And Aeneas on the other side called to his companions...

Notes

  1. §13.444ἔνθα δʼ ἔπειτʼ ἀφίει μένος ὄβριμος Ἄρης — The phrase "there then did mighty Ares let go its fury" uses Ares as a metonymy for the spear or the force of war, describing how the spear's penetration and kinetic energy finally spent itself. Alternatively, "μένος" can be interpreted as the life force of Alcathous being released/taken away by Ares, but the interpretation of the weapon losing its impetus aligns best with the preceding vivid description of the dying heart shaking the butt-end of the spear (lines 442-443).
  2. §13.460αἰεὶ γὰρ Πριάμῳ ἐπεμήνιε δίῳ — The causal clause explaining why Aeneas was angry with Priam. The participle "ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα" in line 461 is interpreted concessively ("although he was noble"), modifying the omitted personal pronoun referring to Aeneas himself. This syntactically points to the mythological background where Priam did not afford Aeneas his due honor despite his excellence, owing to his lineage from a different branch of the Dardanian house.
  3. §13.485εἰ γὰρ ὁμηλικίη γε γενοίμεθα — The construction "εἰ γάρ" with the optative "γενοίμεθα" originally expresses an unattainable wish ("would that we were of the same age"). However, combined with the potential optative with "κεν" ("φέροιτο... φεροίμην") in the apodosis (line 486), it functions as a contrary-to-fact conditional sentence, expressing what would happen if they were indeed of the same age.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §13.421-13.489. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:13.421-13.489

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