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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.95.1-8.95.7

Battle of Eretria and the Revolt of Euboea

Passage 903 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Peloponnesian fleet defeated the Athenians in a naval battle off Eretria due to the Athenians' lack of preparation and the betrayal of the Eretrians. Consequently, the Peloponnesians caused almost the entire island of Euboea, which was vital to Athens, to revolt.

§8.95.1αἱ δὲ τῶν Πελοποννησίων νῆες παραπλεύσασαι καὶ περιβαλοῦσαι Σούνιον ὁρμίζονται μεταξὺ Θορικοῦ τε καὶ Πρασιῶν, ὕστερον δὲ ἀφικνοῦνται ἐς Ὠρωπόν.
The Peloponnesian ships, having sailed along and rounded Sunium, anchored between Thoricus and Prasiae, and later arrived at Oropus.
§8.95.2Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ κατὰ τάχος καὶ ἀξυγκροτήτοις πληρώμασιν ἀναγκασθέντες χρήσασθαι, οἷα πόλεώς τε στασιαζούσης καὶ περὶ τοῦ μεγίστου ἐν τάχει βουλόμενοι βοηθῆσαι (Εὔβοια γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἀποκεκλῃμένης τῆς Ἀττικῆς πάντα ἦν), πέμπουσι Θυμοχάρη στρατηγὸν καὶ ναῦς ἐς Ἐρετρίαν,
The Athenians, being forced to use untrained crews in great haste, since their city was in a state of sedition and they wished to bring aid quickly in a matter of the greatest importance (for Euboea was everything to them, now that Attica was blocked off), sent the general Thymochares with some ships to Eretria.
§8.95.3ὧν ἀφικομένων ξὺν ταῖς πρότερον ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ οὔσαις ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα ἐγένοντο.
When these arrived, they made up thirty-six ships in all, including the six that were previously in Euboea.
καὶ εὐθὺς ναυμαχεῖν ἠναγκάζοντο· ὁ γὰρ Ἀγησανδρίδας ἀριστοποιησάμενος ἐκ τοῦ Ὠρωποῦ ἀνήγαγε τὰς ναῦς· ἀπέχει δὲ μάλιστα ὁ Ὠρωπὸς τῆς τῶν Ἐρετριῶν πόλεως θαλάσσης μέτρον ἑξήκοντα σταδίους.
And they were immediately forced to fight a naval battle; for Hegesandridas, after his men had taken their midday meal, put out with his ships from Oropus; and Oropus is about sixty stades distant from the city of Eretria by sea.
§8.95.4ὡς οὖν ἐπέπλει, εὐθὺς ἐπλήρουν καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὰς ναῦς, οἰόμενοι σφίσι παρὰ ταῖς ναυσὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας εἶναι·
As he was sailing against them, the Athenians also immediately began to man their ships, imagining that their soldiers were close at hand by the vessels.
οἱ δὲ ἔτυχον οὐκ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἄριστον ἐπισιτιζόμενοι (οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐπωλεῖτο ἀπὸ προνοίας τῶν Ἐρετριῶν), ἀλλ’ ἐκ τῶν ἐπ’ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκιῶν, ὅπως σχολῇ πληρουμένων φθάσειαν οἱ πολέμιοι προσπεσόντες καὶ ἐξαναγκάσειαν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους οὕτως ὅπως τύχοιεν ἀνάγεσθαι.
But the men happened to be procuring their meal not from the market-place (for nothing was being sold there by design of the Eretrians), but from the houses at the far end of the city, in order that the enemy might fall upon them and anticipate them while they were slowly manning their ships, and thus force the Athenians to put to sea in whatever state they might happen to be.
σημεῖον δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐς τὸν Ὠρωπὸν ἐκ τῆς Ἐρετρίας, ὁπότε χρὴ ἀνάγεσθαι, ἤρθη.
And a signal was raised for them from Eretria to Oropus, showing when they ought to put to sea.
§8.95.5διὰ τοιαύτης δὴ παρασκευῆς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἀναγαγόμενοι καὶ ναυμαχήσαντες ὑπὲρ τοῦ λιμένος τῶν Ἐρετριῶν ὀλίγον μέν τινα χρόνον ὅμως καὶ ἀντέσχον, ἔπειτα ἐς φυγὴν τραπόμενοι καταδιώκονται ἐς τὴν γῆν.
Having put to sea after such preparation and fought a battle in front of the harbor of Eretria, the Athenians nevertheless held out for a short time, but then, being turned to flight, they were pursued to the shore.
§8.95.6καὶ ὅσοι μὲν αὐτῶν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν τῶν Ἐρετριῶν ὡς φιλίαν καταφεύγουσι, χαλεπώτατα ἔπραξαν φονευόμενοι ὑπ’ αὐτῶν· οἳ δὲ ἐς τὸ τείχισμα τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἐρετρίᾳ, ὃ εἶχον αὐτοί, περιγίγνονται καὶ ὅσαι ἐς Χαλκίδα ἀφικνοῦνται τῶν νεῶν.
Those of them who fled to the city of Eretria, expecting to find it friendly, suffered most cruelly, being slaughtered by the inhabitants; but those who escaped to the fort in Eretria, which they themselves held, survived, as did also such of the ships as reached Chalcis.
§8.95.7λαβόντες δὲ οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι δύο καὶ εἴκοσι ναῦς τῶν Ἀθηναίων καὶ ἄνδρας τοὺς μὲν ἀποκτείναντες, τοὺς δὲ ζωγρήσαντες τροπαῖον ἔστησαν.
The Peloponnesians, having captured twenty-two Athenian ships and having killed some of the men and taken others prisoners, erected a trophy.
καὶ ὕστερον οὐ πολλῷ Εὔβοιάν [τε] ἅπασαν ἀποστήσαντες πλὴν Ὠρεοῦ (ταύτην δὲ αὐτοὶ Ἀθηναῖοι εἶχον) καὶ τἆλλα τὰ περὶ αὐτὴν καθίσταντο.
And not long afterwards they caused the whole of Euboea to revolt except Oreus (which the Athenians themselves held) and settled the other affairs in that region.

Notes

  1. 8.95.2Εὔβοια γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἀποκεκλῃμένης τῆς Ἀττικῆς πάντα ἦν — ἀποκεκλῃμένης τῆς Ἀττικῆς is a genitive absolute expressing the reason ("since Attica was blocked off"). πάντα ἦν is a predicate construction meaning "Euboea was everything to them (their sole source of supply)."
  2. 8.95.4ὅπως σχολῇ πληρουμένων φθάσειαν οἱ πολέμιοι προσπεσόντες — ὅπως introduces a purpose clause with the optative φθάσειαν. The verb φθάνω with the participle προσπεσόντες means "the enemy might anticipate them by falling upon them." σχολῇ πληρουμένων is a genitive absolute meaning "while they were slowly manning the ships."
  3. 8.95.4οὕτως ὅπως τύχοιεν — The phrase οὕτως ὅπως τύχοιεν (literally, "in such a way as they might happen to") is an idiomatic expression meaning "at random," "in whatever way they could," or "without preparation."
  4. 8.95.6ὅσαι ἐς Χαλκίδα ἀφικνοῦνται τῶν νεῶν — This relative clause ("such of the ships as reached Chalcis") functions as an additional subject for the verb περιγίγνονται ("survived"). The meaning is that those who fled to the fort and the crews of the ships that escaped to Chalcis survived.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.95.1-8.95.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.95.1-8.95.7

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