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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.79.1-7.79.6

Athenians Repulsed at the Hill and Forced into the Plain

Passage 800 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian army attempts to storm the Syracusan barricade on the hill but is repulsed, falling into deeper discouragement due to a rainstorm. They retreat toward the plain while resisting constant, harassing attacks from the Syracusan cavalry and light troops.

§7.79.1πρῲ δὲ ἄραντες ἐπορεύοντο αὖθις, καὶ ἐβιάσαντο πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλθεῖν τὸν ἀποτετειχισμένον, καὶ ηὗρον πρὸ ἑαυτῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀποτειχίσματος τὴν πεζὴν στρατιὰν παρατεταγμένην οὐκ ἐπ’ ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων· στενὸν γὰρ ἦν τὸ χωρίον.
Starting early in the morning they marched again, and forced their way to reach the blocked-up hill, and they found in front of them, beyond the wall, the infantry army drawn up many shields deep; for the place was narrow.
§7.79.2καὶ προσβαλόντες οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτειχομάχουν, καὶ βαλλόμενοι ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου ἐπάντους ὄντος (διικνοῦντο γὰρ ῥᾷον οἱ ἄνωθεν) καὶ οὐ δυνάμενοι βιάσασθαι ἀνεχώρουν πάλιν καὶ ἀνεπαύοντο.
And the Athenians, having made an assault, tried to storm the wall, but being pelted by many from the hill which was steep (for those above could reach them more easily) and not being able to force their way, they retreated back again and rested.
§7.79.3ἔτυχον δὲ καὶ βρονταί τινες ἅμα γενόμεναι καὶ ὕδωρ, οἷα τοῦ ἔτους πρὸς μετόπωρον ἤδη ὄντος φιλεῖ γίγνεσθαι· ἀφ’ ὧν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι μᾶλλον ἔτι ἠθύμουν καὶ ἐνόμιζον ἐπὶ τῷ σφετέρῳ ὀλέθρῳ καὶ ταῦτα πάντα γίγνεσθαι.
It happened also that some thunder and rain occurred at the same time, as is wont to happen when the season is already towards autumn; because of which the Athenians were still more discouraged, and believed that all these things too were happening for their destruction.
§7.79.4ἀναπαυομένων δ’ αὐτῶν ὁ Γύλιππος καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι πέμπουσι μέρος τι τῆς στρατιᾶς ἀποτειχιοῦντας αὖ ἐκ τοῦ ὄπισθεν αὐτοὺς ᾗ προεληλύθεσαν· ἀντιπέμψαντες δὲ κἀκεῖνοι σφῶν αὐτῶν τινὰς διεκώλυσαν.
While they were resting, Gylippus and the Syracusans sent a part of their army to block them off again from behind, in the direction they had advanced; but they too, having sent some of their own men in opposition, prevented it.
§7.79.5καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάσῃ τῇ στρατιᾷ ἀναχωρήσαντες πρὸς τὸ πεδίον μᾶλλον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ηὐλίσαντο.
And after this, having retreated with their whole army more towards the plain, the Athenians bivouacked.
τῇ δ’ ὑστεραίᾳ προυχώρουν, καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι προσέβαλλόν τε πανταχῇ αὐτοῖς κύκλῳ καὶ πολλοὺς κατετραυμάτιζον, καὶ εἰ μὲν ἐπίοιεν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὑπεχώρουν, εἰ δ᾽ ἀναχωροῖεν, ἐπέκειντο, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς ὑστάτοις προσπίπτοντες, εἴ πως κατὰ βραχὺ τρεψάμενοι πᾶν τὸ στράτευμα φοβήσειαν.
On the next day they advanced, and the Syracusans attacked them on all sides in a circle and wounded many, and if the Athenians advanced, they retreated, but if they retreated, they pressed upon them, falling especially upon the rearmost, in the hope that, by routing them little by little, they might put the whole army to flight.
§7.79.6καὶ ἐπὶ πολὺ μὲν τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ ἀντεῖχον οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ἔπειτα προελθόντες πέντε ἢ ἓξ σταδίους ἀνεπαύοντο ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ· ἀνεχώρησαν δὲ καὶ οἱ Συρακόσιοι ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ἐς τὸ ἑαυτῶν στρατόπεδον.
And for a long time the Athenians held out in this manner, then, having advanced five or six stades, they rested in the plain; and the Syracusans also withdrew from them to their own camp.

Notes

  1. §7.79.1οὐκ ἐπ’ ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων — The preposition ἐπί with the genitive plural ἀσπίδων (from ἀσπίς, 'shield') is a military idiom indicating the depth of a tactical formation. Combined with the negation οὐκ, it means 'not a few shields deep,' i.e., in a deep and dense formation.
  2. §7.79.4ἀποτειχιοῦντας — The future active participle of ἀποτειχίζω, expressing purpose. Although its grammatical agreement target is μέρος τι τῆς στρατιᾶς ('a part of the army'), which is a neuter singular noun phrase, the participle is in the masculine plural because it agrees in sense (constructio ad sensum) with the individual soldiers who make up that part of the army.
  3. §7.79.5εἴ πως ... φοβήσειαν — The conjunction εἰ with the optative φοβήσειαν. Instead of introducing a standard protasis of a conditional sentence, it expresses a hope, expectation, or attempt ('in the hope that...,' 'to see if by some means they might...'). The optative is used because the main clause verbs are in the past tense (imperfect).

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.79.1-7.79.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.79.1-7.79.6

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