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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.26.1-5.26.6

Second Preface and the True Duration of the War

Passage 526 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Thucydides demonstrates that the entire Peloponnesian War lasted twenty-seven years, arguing that the intervening truce was part of the war. He also shares that he lived through the war and, due to his exile, was able to record the history objectively from the perspectives of both sides.

§5.26.1γέγραφε δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ὁ αὐτὸς Θουκυδίδης Ἀθηναῖος ἑξῆς, ὡς ἕκαστα ἐγένετο, κατὰ θέρη καὶ χειμῶνας, μέχρι οὗ τήν τε ἀρχὴν κατέπαυσαν τῶν Ἀθηναίων Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι, καὶ τὰ μακρὰ τείχη καὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ κατέλαβον.
And this too has the same Thucydides, an Athenian, written in order, as each thing happened, by summers and winters, until the Lacedaemonians and their allies put an end to the empire of the Athenians and captured the Long Walls and Peiraeus.
ἔτη δὲ ἐς τοῦτο τὰ ξύμπαντα ἐγένετο τῷ πολέμῳ ἑπτὰ καὶ εἴκοσι.
And the years in total for this war amounted to twenty-seven.
§5.26.2καὶ τὴν διὰ μέσου ξύμβασιν εἴ τις μὴ ἀξιώσει πόλεμον νομίζειν, οὐκ ὀρθῶς δικαιώσει.
And if anyone does not think it right to consider the intervening agreement as war, he will not judge correctly.
τοῖς [τε] γὰρ ἔργοις ὡς διῄρηται ἀθρείτω, καὶ εὑρήσει οὐκ εἰκὸς ὂν εἰρήνην αὐτὴν κριθῆναι, ἐν ᾗ οὔτε ἀπέδοσαν πάντα οὔτ’ ἀπεδέξαντο ἃ ξυνέθεντο, ἔξω τε τούτων πρὸς τὸν Μαντινικὸν καὶ Ἐπιδαύριον πόλεμον καὶ ἐς ἄλλα ἀμφοτέροις ἁμαρτήματα ἐγένοντο καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης ξύμμαχοι οὐδὲν ἧσσον πολέμιοι ἦσαν Βοιωτοί τε ἐκεχειρίαν δεχήμερον ἦγον.
For let him look at the facts as they are distinguished, and he will find that it is not reasonable for it to be judged as peace, in which they neither restored all nor received back what they had agreed upon; and besides these things, there occurred violations on both sides in connection with the Mantinean and Epidaurian war and in other matters, and the allies in Thrace were no less hostile, and the Boeotians kept only a ten-day truce.
§5.26.3ὥστε ξὺν τῷ πρώτῳ πολέμῳ τῷ δεκέτει καὶ τῇ μετ’ αὐτὸν ὑπόπτῳ ἀνοκωχῇ καὶ τῷ ὕστερον ἐξ αὐτῆς πολέμῳ εὑρήσει τις τοσαῦτα ἔτη, λογιζόμενος κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους, καὶ ἡμέρας οὐ πολλὰς παρενεγκούσας, καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ χρησμῶν τι ἰσχυρισαμένοις μόνον δὴ τοῦτο ἐχυρῶς ξυμβάν.
So that, counting by the seasons, if one adds the first ten years' war, the suspicious truce after it, and the subsequent war arising from it, one will find just so many years, with only a few days differing; and for those who assert anything from oracles, this was indeed the only thing that turned out securely.
§5.26.4αἰεὶ γὰρ ἔγωγε μέμνημαι, καὶ ἀρχομένου τοῦ πολέμου καὶ μέχρι οὗ ἐτελεύτησε, προφερόμενον ὑπὸ πολλῶν ὅτι τρὶς ἐννέα ἔτη δέοι γενέσθαι αὐτόν.
For I myself always remember, both at the beginning of the war and until it ended, its being put forward by many that it must last thrice nine years.
§5.26.5ἐπεβίων δὲ διὰ παντὸς αὐτοῦ αἰσθανόμενός τε τῇ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ προσέχων τὴν γνώμην, ὅπως ἀκριβές τι εἴσομαι· καὶ ξυνέβη μοι φεύγειν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ ἔτη εἴκοσι μετὰ τὴν ἐς Ἀμφίπολιν στρατηγίαν, καὶ γενομένῳ παρ’ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς πράγμασι, καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον τοῖς Πελοποννησίων διὰ τὴν φυγήν, καθ’ ἡσυχίαν τι αὐτῶν μᾶλλον αἰσθέσθαι.
And I lived through the whole of it, being of an age to understand and applying my mind in order that I might know something accurate; and it befell me to be exiled from my own country for twenty years after my command at Amphipolis, and, having had access to the affairs of both sides, and not least to those of the Peloponnesians because of my exile, to understand them somewhat more at leisure.
§5.26.6τὴν οὖν μετὰ τὰ δέκα ἔτη διαφοράν τε καὶ ξύγχυσιν τῶν σπονδῶν καὶ τὰ ἔπειτα ὡς ἐπολεμήθη ἐξηγήσομαι.
I will therefore relate the dispute and the violation of the treaty after the ten years, and how the war was subsequently waged.

Notes

  1. 5.26.2οὐκ εἰκὸς ὂν — This is a neuter accusative participle representing the impersonal phrase `οὐκ εἰκός ἐστι` (it is not reasonable/likely), serving as a predicate participle in indirect discourse after the verb `εὑρήσει` (he will find). The infinitive phrase `εἰρήνην αὐτὴν κριθῆναι` (that it should be judged as peace) acts as its subject.
  2. 5.26.3παρενεγκούσας — A second aorist active participle (feminine accusative plural) from `παραφέρω` (to deviate, differ), modifying `ἡμέρας οὐ πολλὰς`. The phrase functions either as an accusative of specification or absolute accusative, meaning 'with only a few days differing/deviating' from the exact calculation of twenty-seven years.
  3. 5.26.3ξυμβάν — An aorist active participle (neuter accusative singular) agreeing with `τοῦτο` (this, i.e., the prophecy of twenty-seven years), functioning in indirect discourse dependent on `εὑρήσει τις` (one will find that...). It means 'that this alone turned out/coincided securely.' The dative phrase `τοῖς... ἰσχυρισαμένοις` is a dative of interest/reference ('for those who assert...').
  4. 5.26.5γενομένῳ — Aorist participle (dative masculine singular) of `γίγνομαι`, agreeing with the dative pronoun `μοι` after the impersonal construction `ξυνέβη μοι` (it happened to me). This participle phrase, together with `διὰ τὴν φυγήν` (because of my exile), sets the circumstance for the following infinitive `αἰσθέσθαι` (to understand), which also depends on `ξυνέβη` ('it befell me, having had access..., to understand...').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.26.1-5.26.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.26.1-5.26.6

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