- Source
- Digesta Iustiniani Augusti. Mommsen, Theodor & Krueger, Paul, editors. Berlin: Weidmann, 1870.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi2806.phi002.humanitext-lat1:7.9.12.pr
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-13
Ulpian discusses the requirement of security when the usufruct of vessels is bequeathed, explaining that if no security is provided, the owner can bring a real action (uindicatio) to recover them, but cannot bring a personal action (condictio) except against a thief.
[ULPIANUS libro octauo decimo ad Sabinum.]
[ULPIANUS in the eighteenth book on Sabinus.]
Si uasorum ipsorum usus fructus relictus sit, non erit cautio senatus consulti necessaria, sed illa sola 'boni uiri arbitratu usurum fruiturum1'. si igitur tradita sunt fruendi causa, nemo dubitat non fieri eius2 qui accepit: non enim ideo traduntur, ut dominium recedat ab eo qui tradit, sed ut utatur fruatur legatarius. ergo cum non fiant fructuarii uasa, uindicari a proprietario possunt cautione non data.3 uidendum est de condictione, an possit locum habere: et proditum est neminem rem suam nisi furi condicere4 posse.
If the usufruct of vessels themselves has been bequeathed, the security of the senatusconsultum will not be necessary, but only that classical one ‘that he will use and enjoy according to the judgment of an honorable man.’ Therefore, if they have been delivered for the purpose of enjoyment, no one doubts that they do not become the property of the recipient; for they are not delivered for the purpose of the ownership departing from the transferor, but so that the legatee may use and enjoy them. Therefore, since the vessels do not become the property of the usufructuary, they can be recovered by the owner if security is not given. We must consider whether a personal action for return (condictio) can take place; and it is handed down that no one can bring a condictio for his own property except against a thief.
- 7.9.12.prboni uiri arbitratu usurum fruiturum
The noun cautio is understood with the demonstrative adjective illa sola. The phrase 'boni uiri arbitratu usurum fruiturum' represents the standard verbal formula of the promise ('that [he] will use and enjoy...'), where usurum [esse] fruiturum [esse] are future active infinitives with the subject accusative se omitted.
- 7.9.12.prnon fieri eius
eius is a possessive genitive referring to the antecedent of qui accepit ('the one who received'), used with the verb fieri to denote 'does not become the property of the one who received.'
- 7.9.12.prcautione non data
An ablative absolute consisting of the noun cautione and the perfect participle data with the negative adverb non, expressing a conditional clause: 'if security is not given.'
- 7.9.12.prnisi furi condicere
Since the personal action condictio (claim for return) requires the defendant to transfer ownership (dare oportere), a person logically cannot bring it for their own property, as it is already theirs. However, as an exceptional rule in Roman law, the owner is allowed to bring a condictio ex causa furti against a thief (fur).