- Source
- Titi Livi ab urbe condita libri editionem priman, Pars I-IV, Libri I-XL. Editio Stereotypica. Weissenborn, Wilhelm; Mueller, Moritz, editors. Leipzig: Teubner, 1884-1911.
- Translation
- AI-generated (gemini-3.5-flash) — machine translation; may contain errors
- Languages
- 日本語 · English · 简体中文 · 한국어
- CTS URN
- urn:cts:latinLit:phi0914.phi001.humanitext-lat2:44.11.1-44.11.9
- Generated
- Humanitext Reader · reader.humanitext.ai · 2026-11-12
With reinforced strength, the Roman praetor decides to besiege Cassandrea. The Romans succeed in digging through the weak brick vaults of the city wall, but they fail to capture the city immediately due to the lack of armed forces at the breach.
hac virium accessione animus crevit praetori, ut Cassandream oppugnaret.1
With this accession of forces, the courage of the praetor grew so that he would attack Cassandrea.
condita est a Cassandro rege in ipsis faucibus, quae Pallenensem agrum ceterae Macedoniae iungunt, hinc Toronaico, hinc Macedonico saepta mari.
It was founded by King Cassander on the very neck of land which connects the territory of Pallene with the rest of Macedonia, enclosed on one side by the Toronaic Gulf, and on the other by the Macedonian Gulf.
eminet namque in altum lingua, in qua sita est, nec minus quam † inaltus magnitudine Atho mons excurrit, obversa in regionem Magnesiae duobus inparibus promunturiis, quorum maiori Posideum est nomen, minori Canastracum.
For the tongue of land on which it is situated juts out into the deep, and extends with a size no less than Mount Athos, facing towards the region of Magnesia with two unequal promontories, of which the larger is named Posideum and the smaller Canastracum.
divisis partibus oppugnare adorti. Romanus ad Clitas, quas vocant, munimenta, cervis etiam obiectis, ut viam intercluderet, a Macedonico ad Toronaicum mare perducit. ab altera parte euripus est;
Having divided their tasks, they began the assault. The Roman commander, having also placed abatis to block the passage, led breastworks at the place they call Clitae, from the Macedonian to the Toronaic Gulf. On the other side was the canal;
inde Eumenes oppugnabat. Romanis in fossa conplenda, quam nuper obiecerat Perseus, plurimum erat laboris. ibi quaerenti praetori, quia nusquam cumuli apparebant, quo regesta e fossa terra foret, monstrati sunt fornices: non ad eandem crassitudinem, qua veterem murum, sed simplici laterum ordine structos esse.2
from there Eumenes was conducting the assault. For the Romans, there was the greatest difficulty in filling up the ditch which Perseus had recently thrown up. There, when the praetor asked where the earth cleared out from the ditch was, since no mounds appeared anywhere, he was shown some arched vaults, and it was pointed out that they were built not of the same thickness as the old wall, but with a single row of bricks.
consilium igitur cepit transfosso pariete iter in urbem patefacere. fallere autem ita se posse, si3 muros a parte alia scalis adortus tumultu iniecto in custodiam eius loci propugnatores urbis avertisset.
He therefore formed the plan of opening a way into the city by digging through the wall. He believed that he could deceive the enemy if, by attacking the walls with scaling-ladders from another quarter and creating a tumult, he should divert the defenders of the city from the guard of that place.
erant in praesidio Cassandreae praeter non contemnendam iuventutem oppidanorum octingenti Agrianes et duo milia penestarum Illyriorum, a Pleurato inde missi, bellicosum utrumque genus.
There were in the garrison of Cassandrea, besides a not contemptible body of the young men of the town, eight hundred Agrianes and two thousand Illyrians of the Penestae, sent thence by Pleuratus, both warlike tribes.
his tuentibus muros, cum subire Romani summa vi niterentur, momento temporis parietes fornicum perfossi urbem patefecerunt. quod si, qui inrumperent, armati fuissent, extemplo cepissent.4
While these were defending the walls and the Romans were striving with all their might to approach, in a moment of time the walls of the vaults, being dug through, opened the city. And if those who rushed in had been armed, they would have taken it immediately.
hoc ubi perfectum esse opus militibus nuntiatum est, clamorem alacres gaudio repente tollunt, alii parte alia in urbem inrupturi.
When the completion of this work was announced to the soldiers, eager with joy, they suddenly raised a shout, some here and others there intending to burst into the city.
- 44.11.1animus crevit praetori, ut Cassandream oppugnaret
The ut-clause functions as a clause of result or a noun clause explaining the content of the purpose/intention in 'animus crevit praetori'.
- 44.11.5structos esse
This is an infinitive in indirect speech representing a reported statement implied by 'monstrati sunt fornices' (that they were built...). The subject is 'fornices'.
- 44.11.6fallere autem ita se posse, si...
The infinitive 'fallere... posse' represents the praetor's thought in indirect discourse following 'consilium cepit'. 'se' refers to the subject of the main clause (the praetor). In the conditional clause, 'avertisset' is in the pluperfect subjunctive, representing a future perfect from a past point of view.
- 44.11.8quod si, qui inrumperent, armati fuissent, extemplo cepissent
'quod' is a relative pronoun linking the sentence. 'fuissent' and 'cepissent' are pluperfect subjunctives expressing a past contrary-to-fact condition. 'qui inrumperent' (imperfect subjunctive) refers to those who were breaking in at that moment.